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How does the state deliver justice to citizens? Are certain groups disadvantaged whilst seeking help from law enforcement and the courts? This book charts, for the first time, the full trajectory of accessing justice in India's criminal justice system, highlighting a pattern of multi-stage discrimination and unequal outcomes for women seeking restitution from the state. To probe how discrimination can be combated, the book tests whether gender representation in law enforcement-in the form of all-female enclaves or women-only police stations-affects change. The book demonstrates how certain forms of representation can lead to unintended consequences. By utilizing a range of research designs, the book not only casts a light on justice delivery in the world's largest democracy, but also transports readers into the world of crime and punishment in India.
This book is an attempt at highlighting the intellectual and cultural history of British imperial knowledge production in late-nineteenth-century India, examined through the life and writings of William Wilson Hunter (1840–1900). Tracing Hunter's role as an imperial bureaucrat, historian, and publicist, the book explores how his works sought to shape colonial governance through structured information systems and a rhetoric of 'improvement'; an intellectual enterprise that drew the interests of contemporary stalwarts across the continents, such as Rabindranath Tagore and Charles Darwin. It also examines how Bengali intellectuals, such as Rabindranath Tagore, Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay and others engaged with and contested Hunter's ideas, opening up new directions in nationalist thought and historiography. It strives to offer a new outlook on the mutual entanglements of empire and knowledge, and the political life of texts in colonial Bengal.
Political meritocracy, which selects and promotes officials based on their work performance, is an important explanation for China's rapid development. While prior studies focus on territorial leaders (kuai), less attention is given to functional department leaders (tiao), whose performance is harder to measure, attribute, or compare. This Element introduces an attention-based explanation, arguing that in China's complex bureaucratic system, marked by intricate divisions of labor and information asymmetry, capturing superiors' attention is critical for official's career advancement. Through case studies and analyses of original biographical data on functional department leaders, this Element reveals: 1) Promotion likelihood correlates with officials' ability to gain superiors' attention; 2) Not all attention-seeking behaviors align with governance goals, often fostering bureaucratic issues like formalism and over-implementation. This attention-based framework tries to reconcile debates on competence versus connections in Chinese political selection and explains both the bureaucratic system's successes and its governance challenges.
Through the critical case study of Ethiopia, Maria Repnikova examines the ambitious but disjointed display of Chinese diplomatic influence in Africa. In doing so, she develops a new theoretical approach to understanding China's practice of soft power, identifying the core mechanisms as tangible enticement with material and experiential offerings, ideational promotion of values, visions, and governance practices, and censorial power over the production and dissemination of China narratives. Through in-depth field work, including interviews and focus groups, Repnikova builds a clear picture of the uneven implementation and reception of this image-making, in which Chinese messengers can improvise official agendas, and Ethiopian recipients can strategically appropriate and negotiate Chinese power. Contrary to popular claims about China replacing the West in the Global South, this innovative research reveals the successes, but also the inconsistencies and limitations of Chinese influence, as well as the ever-present shadow of the West in mediating soft-power encounters.
Aurangzeb 'Alamgir (r. 1658–1707) was the last of the so-called 'great' Mughal emperors. He remains a controversial historical figure: castigated for religious intolerance and placed at the centre of a narrative of Mughal decline by some; considered a great Muslim hero by others. In this richly researched exploration of Aurangzeb 'Alamgir's life and times, Munis D. Faruqui contests such simplistic understandings to unearth a more nuanced picture of the emperor and his reign. Drawing on a large and varied archive, Faruqui provides new insights into the emperor's rise to power, his administrative and religious policies, and the role of the imperial eunuchate and harem. By unpicking the complex dynamics of a long reign, from Aurangzeb 'Alamgir's accession to the last weeks of his life and his eighteenth-century memorialisation, this remarkable new history cuts through the many myths that have obscured the extraordinary life story of Emperor Aurangzeb 'Alamgir.
This deeply researched, innovative study demystifies the way we think about the pirates of world history. Simon Layton encourages readers to look beyond eighteenth-century Atlantic paradigms of rogue individuals or revolutionary collectives, placing piracy as a concept at the heart of the British imperial project in Asia in the nineteenth century. Piratical States reveals an empire bent on wresting sovereignty over maritime space with its own forms of institutional and outsourced violence. A discourse developed in the official mind of colonial 'men-on-the-spot' castigated an array of indigenous seafaring communities and interrupted state-building across the corridors and chokepoints of global trade. In reports, diaries, correspondence, and memoranda, Britain's self-declared pirate-hunters retold history through a mythology of their own making, transforming piracy into an inherently political and racial category, legitimising the wholesale erasure of their enemies.
From the Asvamedha sacrifice to the mounted police, modernist paintings to the medieval cavalry, oceanic trade to urban transport – horses have occupied a prominent position in almost every sphere of human history in South Asia. The Coveted Mount brings a holistic analysis of the compelling history of this human-nonhuman relationship from prehistory to the twenty-first century. The essays in this book unravel the role of the horse in gift exchanges, colonial cities, astrological knowledge, military campaigns, modern art, political culture, religious belief, veterinary sciences, and oceanic commerce. They do so by interpreting colonial records, ancient epics, epigraphic records, medieval coins, temple friezes, modern art, stone and terracotta sculptures, imperial chronicles, equestrian treatises, and wall paintings. In the process, the essays reveal South Asia's historical connections with the world. Overall, this richly illustrated book shows how, when, and why the horse became the coveted mount of South Asian societies
Why do development projects so often fail to deliver progress, yet succeed in strengthening states? Central Margins answers this question by exposing the paradox at the heart of development: economic failure masking political success. Through vivid ethnography and deep archival research, the book shows how Sri Lanka's ambitious programmes – most notably the World Bank–funded Mahaweli Development Scheme – collapsed as projects of prosperity but triumphed as tools of militarisation, demographic engineering, and state consolidation. Introducing the concept of 'hidden state transcripts', it reveals how governments project images of benevolent development while embedding surveillance, displacement, and majoritarian nationalism in everyday life. By analysing state power from the contested margins of the Sinhala-Buddhist state, Central Margins demonstrates how postcolonial regimes weaponise development and environmental governance to remake sovereignty. This original account speaks not only to scholars of South Asia, but to anyone interested in how development reshapes power and politics across the Global South.This title is Open Access.