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Antonio Averlino (1400–69), called Filarete, designed the Ospedale Maggiore (or Great Hospital) in Milan with an ingenious sewer and ventilation system, which this article connects to ancient medical treatises on the human body’s exhalation of air and evacuation of waste. Critical examination of the system in relation to Hippocratic and Galenic medical theory, Filarete’s architectural thought, and the medico-spiritual function of early modern hospitals suggests that the architect conceived the building as a living and breathing corpus mysticum, whose internal organs cleansed the souls of its corrupted members.
This article examines the relationship between protofeminism and faith in Lucrezia Marinella’s “Holocausto d’amore della vergine Santa Giustina” (1648). In particular, it explores Marinella’s departures from her sources, which serve to assert women’s excellence as preachers, exegetes, and rulers. Situating the life of the martyr Saint Justina within the context of the querelle des femmes and the Counter-Reformation backlash against public displays of female mysticism and religious authority, this contribution proposes that the hagiography promotes a form of female holiness inspired by the mystics and living saints who dispensed with male ecclesiastical mediation and exercised power beyond the monastic enclosure. This reading complicates the hypothesis that Marinella relinquished her pro-woman advocacy in her later years.
This paper is a case study that reflects on the intricate process of crafting a specialised private training pool, located in Highgate, London. The client is KP, a woman in her 50s who developed Multiple Sclerosis (MS) more than a decade ago. In her everyday life, KP uses a wheelchair and relies on continuous support. She can navigate semi-independently without the wheelchair by using her arms and upper body to push and pull herself through space with sufficient support such as from (door) frames, furniture, handlebars, etc. She has one side that is more dependent with one foot less responsive. When overcoming thresholds, for example, she therefore often requires additional help lifting. Generally, independent movement through space is slow, and her navigation and speed are inherently determined by the availability of surrounding support. This paper explores the multifaceted journey of delivering a training pool that embraces a holistic approach and encompasses the physical, psychological, and aesthetic dimensions of the client’s needs. To reflect on these important issues, it draws on an interview between the client and author, who is also the architect.