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Chapter VI examines the peripatetic lifestyle of Jesus and his followers, his family, his disciples, and the apostles. Studies of ancient mobility usually restrict themselves to consideration of the Roman elites and other closely associated issues such as the cursus publicus. Despite their low social status, the travel patterns of the various biblical protagonists did not represent anything unusual within the context of Greco-Roman society. Epigraphic records and literary sources confirm the story told by papyrus customs receipts and private letters indicating a high level of mobility among the lower classes of the Roman Empire.
Chapter VII turns to a group on the margins of Greco-Roman society: shepherds. In the New Testament period shepherds held a position very different from that of the shepherd kings of the Old Testament. New Testament exegesis made use of the symbolism of this profession derived from the Old Testament. It has been on the one hand the motif of the ‘shepherd of the people’ as a symbol of the exemplary ruler and on the other hand the image of the ‘good shepherd’ as allegory of Jesus Christ that have so far dominated scholarly interpretation. Limited examination of these different terms has hampered research into the actual lives of shepherds in Roman times. The study of the papyri from Roman Egypt enables us to reconstruct this reality.
Chapter V focuses on the life of a carpenter’s family as a representation of a typical artisan family in the early Roman Empire and explores its size, composition, income, social position, and daily routine.
In this book, Sabine R. Huebner explores the world of the protagonists of the New Testament and the early Christians using the rich papyrological evidence from Roman Egypt. This gives us unparalleled insights into the everyday lives of the non-elite population in an area quite similar to neighboring Judaea-Palestine. What were the daily concerns and difficulties experienced by a carpenter's family or by a shepherd looking after his flocks? How did the average man or woman experience a Roman census? What obstacles did women living in a patriarchal society face in private, in public, and in the early Church? Given the flight of Jesus' family into Egypt, how mobile were the lower classes, what was their understanding of geography, and what costs and dangers were associated with travel? This volume gives a better understanding of the structural, social, and cultural conditions under which figures from the New Testament lived.
This ground-breaking volume explores a series of inter-related key themes in Saharan archaeology and history. Migration and identity formation can both be approached from the perspective of funerary archaeology, using the combined evidence of burial structures, specific rites and funerary material culture, and integrated methods of skeletal analysis including morphometrics, palaeopathology and isotopes. Burial traditions from various parts of the Sahara are compared and contrasted with those of the Nile Valley, the Maghreb and West Africa. Several chapters deal with the related evidence of human migration derived from linguistic study. The volume presents the state of the field of funerary archaeology in the Sahara and its neighbouring regions and sets the agenda for future research on mobility, migration and identity. It will be a seminal reference point for Mediterranean and African archaeologists, historians and anthropologists as well as archaeologists interested in burial and migration more broadly.