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This book is the second volume of four proposed thematic books on aspects of the archaeology and history of what we term the Trans-Saharan zone – broadly conceived of as the vast spaces of Maghrib, Sahara and Sub-Saharan Sahel between the Atlantic in the west, the Mediterranean in the north, the Nile in the east and the equatorial African forests in the south. The territorial expanse of this zone is huge and, given the hostile climate and environment of the Sahara across the last 5,000 years, it is perhaps unsurprising that scholarly research has become regionally segmented. A good starting point for this volume is to consider to what extent the idea of a Trans-Saharan region makes sense? The chapters touch on places as far flung as the Western Sahara, the Tunisian Steppe, the Upper Nile and Lake Chad, an area of c.12,000,000 km2 within which there are significant environmental challenges to movement.
According to Herodotus’s Histories, the people living a ten day’s journey to the west of the Garamantes was the AtarantesAs suggested by Liverani,if the Garamantes are to be placed in the Wadi al-Ajal around Jarma/Garama, this would likely locate the Atarantes in the Wadi Tanzzuft/Tadrart Akakus region Fig. 3.1). Archaeological research over the last two decades has considerably improved our knowledge of Saharan civilisations that developed from the early first millennium BC to the late first millennium AD. It is now possible to get a deeper insight on how the people living in the Wadi Tanzzuft/Tadrart Akakus region expressed their identity through material culture and behaviour and their relation to trajectories in Garamantian culture.