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24643 results in Ancient history

Page 51 of 1233

  • Chapter 4 - Consulars under Caesar’s Rule and in the Triumviral Period (49–31)

  • Francisco Pina Polo, Universidad de Zaragoza
  • Book:
    The Role of Ex-Consuls in Republican Rome, 218–31 BCE
    Published online:
    01 May 2025
    Print publication:
    15 May 2025, pp 193-209

  • Summary

    The period between 49 and 31 BCE witnessed a dramatic decline in the political and social influence that consulares had always exercised. The civil war reduced the number of consulars in the Senate to a minimum. The wars that followed Caesar’s death once more decimated the rank of consulars, or else drove them away from Rome for months or years in command of troops stationed in many different territories across Italy and the Mediterranean. Consequently, most consulars actually disappeared from Rome, making it difficult for them to exercise their usual leadership role. The situation did not improve when the number of consulares increased dramatically, as never before, due to the annual appointment of consules ordinarii and consules suffecti. Consuls depended on the Triumvirs for their appointments and were in practice under their control during their months in office. Consulars were likewise overshadowed and diminished by the power of the Triumvirs.

  • Chapter 3 - Consulars between Sulla’s Dictatorship and the Civil War (81–50)

  • Francisco Pina Polo, Universidad de Zaragoza
  • Book:
    The Role of Ex-Consuls in Republican Rome, 218–31 BCE
    Published online:
    01 May 2025
    Print publication:
    15 May 2025, pp 137-192

  • Summary

    In line with the more civilian and less military role of consuls in the 1st century BCE, a number of consulars renounced any potential military glory through a provincial command and preferred to remain in Rome during and after their consulships. In contrast to what had happened throughout the 2nd century, consulars rarely filled their cursus honorum with regular offices. One of the usual tasks of consulars was to intervene in court, not only for their potential skills as orators but above all for the authority that their consular status conferred on them. Consulars acted as advocates, never as prosecutors. Some consulars, such as Cicero and Hortensius, were true specialists before the courts. Speaking at a popular assembly (contio) was always another way of gaining public visibility. For the period 81–50, we have evidence of a greater number of consulars taking part in assemblies than in earlier periods. However, since consulars as privati were not entitled to convene an assembly, their speeches to the people were always unusual. The Senate remained the great dialectical battleground for consulars. Priority to speak in the Senate always belonged to consulars.

The Role of Ex-Consuls in Republican Rome, 218–31 BCE
  • Francisco Pina Polo
  • Published online:
    01 May 2025
    Print publication:
    15 May 2025
  • The consulship was the highest office in the Roman Republic. At the end of their term ex-consuls automatically attained the status of consulares, remained members of the Senate for life, gained prestige and influence in Rome and were therefore expected to play a prominent role in Roman politics and society. Holding the consulship by no means marked the end of a consular's political activities. But what did ex-consuls do from the time they completed their consulship until their death? What was their political career? What was their political role in the Senate? What kinds of public tasks and duties did they perform for the res publica? What function did consulares play in Roman society, and how strong was their leadership capacity? This is the first book in any language on the political role of ex-consuls, who formed the top level of the aristocracy during the Roman Republic.

Page 51 of 1233