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23990 results in Ancient history

Page 548 of 1200

  • 30 - Beyond the General and the Particular: Rethinking Death, Memory and Belonging in Early Bronze Age Crete

  • from Life and Death
  • Edited by A. Bernard Knapp, University of Glasgow, Peter van Dommelen, Brown University, Rhode Island
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Prehistory of the Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean
    Published online:
    18 December 2014
    Print publication:
    12 January 2015, pp 525-539

  • Summary

    The analysis of the development of social complexity among the peoples of the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula has broadly followed the general trends of European and North American archaeology. This chapter proposes a new synthesis of the processes of change between the Late Bronze Age and the Roman conquest in the northern regions of the Iberian culture area. First, it considers Godelier's structural Marxist evolutionary hypothesis, which is compatible with Johnson and Earle's model but hard to substantiate with the available data. According to Godelier's hypothesis, the transformation of an early Iron Age Great Man into a Big Man society requires some conditions. Then, the chapter examines role of culture contact and trade with colonial societies such as Phoenician, Etruscan and Greek. The chapter concludes that foreign trade was instrumental for indigenous elites to acquire and consolidate their privileged status; it probably did not play a significant role as a cause for social change.

  • 28 - Landscapes and Seascapes of Southwest Iberia in the First Millennium BC

  • from Community and Household
  • Edited by A. Bernard Knapp, University of Glasgow, Peter van Dommelen, Brown University, Rhode Island
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Prehistory of the Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean
    Published online:
    18 December 2014
    Print publication:
    12 January 2015, pp 488-505

  • Summary

    The transition to the Late Bronze Age was characterized by fundamental changes in the nature of Cypriot society as it shifted from being largely egalitarian and inward looking to socially stratified and cosmopolitan. This chapter proposes an agent-centered approach to investigating the dynamic interrelationship between people and place. It then discusses the Protohistoric Bronze Age house and household, emphasizing the role of the house as a place that materialized social boundaries and structured social interaction among household members, and between residents and visitors in the course of daily practice. Wilk and W. L. Rathje defined the household as consisting of the social, the material, and the behavioral. The chapter concludes by examining the household within its urban context by considering how its members became increasingly enmeshed in various urban communities, from neighborhoods through to the city itself, and how this was manifested in the materiality of house design, boundary maintenance, and city planning.

  • 6 - Late Bronze Age Sardinia: Acephalous Cohesion

  • from Insularity and Connectivity
  • Edited by A. Bernard Knapp, University of Glasgow, Peter van Dommelen, Brown University, Rhode Island
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Prehistory of the Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean
    Published online:
    18 December 2014
    Print publication:
    12 January 2015, pp 96-108

  • Summary

    This chapter addresses the development of Mediterranean island prehistory from Gordon Childe to John Evans's watershed papers, and charts the emergence of a comparative and explicitly quantitative island archaeology, heavily informed by biogeography, in the 1980s and 1990s. If the dominance of Childe's legacy into the 1960s explains the failure of an explicitly insular Mediterranean archaeology to emerge, then the breakdown of the diffusionist paradigm likewise played a decisive role in its development. The chapter outlines critiques of Mediterranean island archaeologies posed in the 1990s and 2000s. Essential to the development of maturity within Mediterranean island prehistory has been the recognition that many causal factors must be combined, in order to account for the development of island lifeways. The chapter also presents the practical and heuristic consequences of different paradigms, and suggests future areas of development in Mediterranean island prehistory using data from the period between the later Upper Palaeolithic and the Late Bronze Age.

  • Community and Household

  • Edited by A. Bernard Knapp, University of Glasgow, Peter van Dommelen, Brown University, Rhode Island
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Prehistory of the Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean
    Published online:
    18 December 2014
    Print publication:
    12 January 2015, pp 395-522

  • Summary

    This chapter focuses on changes in Cretan ritual practices from ca. 1000 to 700 BC. The idea that Early Iron Age (EIA) Crete's history and culture developed along peculiar lines informs, perhaps even justifies, much current scholarship, including the present contribution. Clearly, the differences matter, but in order to bring them out in sharp-relief, study of the island's connections and correspondences with other regions in the wider Mediterranean world is vital. The chapter discusses how scholars see Cretan idiosyncrasies. Two major idiosyncrasies have been recognised: the relatively strong continuity of Minoan traditions, and the early and pronounced Orientalising qualities of the island's material culture. There was a change in local attitudes to vestiges of the Bronze-Age past, as best exemplified by the inception of cult activities amid the ruins of monumental. Phaistos and Knossos, had been the seat of an important Later Bronze Age palace and settlement that continued to be inhabited through the EIA and later.

  • 17 - Mobility, Interaction and Power in the Iron Age Western Mediterranean

  • from Hybridisation and Cultural Encounters
  • Edited by A. Bernard Knapp, University of Glasgow, Peter van Dommelen, Brown University, Rhode Island
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Prehistory of the Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean
    Published online:
    18 December 2014
    Print publication:
    12 January 2015, pp 299-316

  • Summary

    In a study concerned with understanding the types of population and modes of contact in the multiple ecosystems of Iron Age southern Italy, ranging from the Greek poleis of the coastal flood plains to the Apennine mountain regions of Calabria and Lucania, it is necessary to examine the contexts carefully, as each culture and every region may react differently to contacts with other cultures. This chapter discusses three different contexts along the Ionian coast, namely L'Amastuola, Incoronata and Francavilla Marittima, where traditional reconstruction of the settlement dynamics, as proposed in the late 1980s and early 1990s, saw the presence of Greeks as a disruptive element which shattered a static indigenous situation and that led first to the conquest and subjugation of the indigenous inhabitants. Finally, the chapter focuses on the site of Torre di Satriano, where exceptional remains have been found in recent years.

  • 29 - Domestic and Settlement Organisation in Iron Age Southern France

  • from Community and Household
  • Edited by A. Bernard Knapp, University of Glasgow, Peter van Dommelen, Brown University, Rhode Island
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Prehistory of the Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean
    Published online:
    18 December 2014
    Print publication:
    12 January 2015, pp 506-522

  • Summary

    This chapter investigates how the sociopolitical meanings and the practical significance of land were entwined in Bronze and Iron Ages Greece to shape landscapes and territories by approaching settlement hierarchies from a new perspective. It presents two case studies that cover the transition between the Bronze and Iron Ages. The first focuses on the area of Messenia, Pylos and Nichoria in the southwest Peloponnese of mainland Greece, the area of a major Bronze Age polity that changed radically in terms of its political and social geography during the Iron Age. The second focuses on the area around Mirabello Bay in east Crete, where the complex settlement record of the later Bronze and Iron Ages has been particularly well explored. There are two substantial excavated farmsteads in the Mirabello Bay region: Chrysokamino and Chalinomouri. For both, excavation and microlevel studies have been carried out on the houses themselves and in their immediate vicinity.

  • 1 - A Little History of Mediterranean Island Prehistory

  • from Insularity and Connectivity
  • Edited by A. Bernard Knapp, University of Glasgow, Peter van Dommelen, Brown University, Rhode Island
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Prehistory of the Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean
    Published online:
    18 December 2014
    Print publication:
    12 January 2015, pp 10-24

  • Summary

    This chapter addresses the development of Mediterranean island prehistory from Gordon Childe to John Evans's watershed papers, and charts the emergence of a comparative and explicitly quantitative island archaeology, heavily informed by biogeography, in the 1980s and 1990s. If the dominance of Childe's legacy into the 1960s explains the failure of an explicitly insular Mediterranean archaeology to emerge, then the breakdown of the diffusionist paradigm likewise played a decisive role in its development. The chapter outlines critiques of Mediterranean island archaeologies posed in the 1990s and 2000s. Essential to the development of maturity within Mediterranean island prehistory has been the recognition that many causal factors must be combined, in order to account for the development of island lifeways. The chapter also presents the practical and heuristic consequences of different paradigms, and suggests future areas of development in Mediterranean island prehistory using data from the period between the later Upper Palaeolithic and the Late Bronze Age.

Page 548 of 1200