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'Crisis' is the defining word for our times and it likewise played a key role in defining the scope of government during the Roman Republic. This book is a comprehensive analysis of key incidents in the history of the Republic that can be characterized as crises, and the institutional response mechanisms that were employed by the governing apparatus to resolve them. Concentrating on military and other violent threats to the stability of the governing system, this book highlights both the strengths and weaknesses of the institutional framework that the Romans created. Looking at key historical moments, Gregory K. Golden considers how the Romans defined a crisis and what measures were taken to combat them, including declaring a state of emergency, suspending all non-war-related business, and instituting an emergency military draft, as well as resorting to rule by dictator in the early Republic.
Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Müller (1813–94), who wrote in Latin under the name Carolus Müllerus, was a German classicist whose monumental five-volume Fragmenta historicorum graecorum (also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection) remains an important resource today. Between 1855 and 1861, he also produced this valuable two-volume collection of the works of lesser-known Greek geographers. Volume 1 (1855) contains a variety of Greek texts with parallel Latin translations and extensive footnotes. Works featured in this volume include both the Periplus ('Circumnavigation') of Hanno the Carthaginian and the Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax. Also included are Agatharchides' De mari Erythraeo ('On the Erythraean Sea') and writings by Arrian and Marcian of Heraclea. Müller's extensive prolegomena (also in Latin) discusses what is known about the authors, their works and the manuscript sources.
William Robertson (1721–93), Principal of the University of Edinburgh and historiographer to His Majesty for Scotland, published this work in 1791. Already famous for a History of Scotland, which went into many editions, and a History of America, Robertson aimed to synthesise all earlier western accounts of the subcontinent from classical times to the sixteenth century. Beginning with a consideration of the practical difficulties facing explorers from Europe and Africa who headed east, Robertson discusses the (legendary) Pharaoh Sesostris of Egypt, Alexander the Great, and Roman military incursions into, and trade with, India, before turning to the Portuguese, Spanish, French and English explorers of the early modern period, furnishing his account with copious source notes. A long appendix then describes 'the genius, the manners, and institutions of the people of India, as far as they can be traced from the earliest ages to which our knowledge of them extends'.
Sir James Frazer (1854–1941) is best remembered today for The Golden Bough, widely considered to be one of the most important early texts in the fields of psychology and anthropology. Originally a classical scholar, whose entire working life was spent at Trinity College, Cambridge, Frazer also produced this translation of and commentary on the works of Pausanias, the second-century CE traveller and antiquarian whose many references to myths and legends provided Frazer with material for his great study of religion. The six-volume work was published in 1898, after the first edition of The Golden Bough (also reissued in this series), and while Frazer was working on material for the second. Volume 6 contains indices to the translation and commentary, and maps of each of the districts discussed, which are reproduced in black-and-white, but can be viewed in colour using the 'Resources' button at http:www.cambridge.org/9781108047289.
The Huns have often been treated as primitive barbarians with no advanced political organisation. Their place of origin was the so-called 'backward steppe'. It has been argued that whatever political organisation they achieved they owed to the 'civilizing influence' of the Germanic peoples they encountered as they moved west. This book argues that the steppes of Inner Asia were far from 'backward' and that the image of the primitive Huns is vastly misleading. They already possessed a highly sophisticated political culture while still in Inner Asia and, far from being passive recipients of advanced culture from the West, they passed on important elements of Central Eurasian culture to early medieval Europe, which they helped create. Their expansion also marked the beginning of a millennium of virtual monopoly of world power by empires originating in the steppes of Inner Asia. The rise of the Hunnic Empire was truly a geopolitical revolution.