Extra Help gives you the logic behind the noun endings, vastly reducing the number of endings you need to learn. Extra Material introduces some of the different jobs that the Greek genitive case can do.

In the Extra Help we invite you to think about ‘reading Greek with understanding’ rather than translating. In the Extra Material you will meet the major contexts in which the accusative case can appear.

In Extra Help you will see how easy it is to understand the subjunctive mood using the pattern we have followed so far for the verb. In Extra Material, we will think about the aspect of the subjunctive mood.

In this chapter, you meet no new grammatical principles, but the rules you have met will save you a great deal of effort. In the Extra Material, we’ll examine the significance of aspect in the ‘other moods’, beginning with general principles and how they apply to the infinitive.

Extra Help with the basics of the alphabet. Extra Material introduces us to the basics of accents.

Extra Help introduces you to the remaining two variations on the -ω verbs, and the -μι verbs. In the Extra Material you’ll meet the few contexts in which the future tense can be found.

In Extra Help you will see that we can save a lot of effort in understanding the middle and passive voices, because of the way that we have understood the Greek verb so far. In the Extra Material you’ll think further about the middle voice.

Chapter 3 discusses the designations for the classes of objects (i.e. animals, plants – including flora and fauna – and minerals), as well as for the respective disciplines. In the early modern period, historia naturalis/natural history was the name applied to the study of natural objects, later to be known as biology and geology/mineralogy. The names for these and other subdisciplines emerged in the early modern period but at different stages and sometimes with divergent intentions and meanings.

The final three chapters of ENTG cover slightly more disjointed topics than previous chapters, filling in various gaps which would have been overwhelming earlier. If you have followed along with me on how to understand and memorise the verb, you will again reap a reward in this chapter.

In Extra Help we will see how nouns and adjectives are formed when their stems do not end in α or ο (consonant stems, or 3rd declension). The Extra Material in this chapter is a just a trivial pointer about accents.

In Extra Help we will see how nouns and adjectives are formed when their consonant stems end in a contract vowel. In the Extra Material you will meet the very few contexts for the nominative, and use them to think about when sense overrules strict grammar.

In Extra Help you will find some optional notes to help you with the final topics of ENTG. As we have reached the end of ENTG, we offer an extended passage from an early Christian text, completely unedited.

In Extra Help, you will meet different Greek verb ‘moods’. In the Extra Material we’ll examine the contexts for the aorist tense.