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Empirical Animal Law challenges long-held assumptions about what animal law reforms help or harm animals. Drawing on original empirical studies and a broad interdisciplinary body of research, the book tests whether familiar tools of advocacy such as incremental reforms, criminal prosecutions, litigation, and protest really reduce animal suffering. Moving beyond moral intuition and ideology the book reveals how people perceive animal harm, which messages and messengers persuade, and when well-intentioned strategies may backfire. With chapters on factory farming reforms, criminal punishment, litigation strategy, protest backlash, and moral framing, Empirical Animal Law offers the first comprehensive, data-driven account of how animal law operates in practice and calls for a new empirically informed movement.
As cities face mounting pressures from aging infrastructure, climate change, and social inequities, new approaches are needed to design resilient, sustainable, and equitable urban systems. This book introduces a powerful, step-by-step methodology for conceptualizing and managing complex infrastructure projects through the unique lens of systems architecture, showing how this approach supports better decision-making, transparency, and collaboration. Drawing on real-world examples, the book explores concepts including trade-offs, stakeholder needs, and system interdependencies. It demonstrates how to integrate qualitative and quantitative factors, navigate uncertainty, and reason across diverse disciplines and timescales. Crucially, this book offers long-awaited solutions for bridging the technical and social demands of urban infrastructure design. By extending systems architecture into the urban domain, it offers a practical yet theoretically grounded framework for addressing 21st-century infrastructure challenges. This accessible and forward-looking guide is valuable for anyone involved in shaping the future of urban systems, from engineers to urbanists.
Future generations, wildlife, and natural resources – collectively referred to as 'the voiceless' in this work – are the most vulnerable and least equipped populations to protect themselves from the impacts of global climate change. In this new edition of Climate Change and the Voiceless, Randall S. Abate provides comprehensive analysis of recent landmark strategic litigation to protect vulnerable communities, significant updates on legislative and judicial developments on rights of nature, and a detailed summary of the most important climate change advisory opinions and their implications for the protection of voiceless communities. As in the original work, he identifies the common vulnerabilities of the voiceless in the Anthropocene era and demonstrates how the law can evolve to protect their interests more effectively. This work should be read by anyone interested in how the law can be employed to mitigate the effects of climate change on those who stand to lose the most.
This second volume of Seismic Imaging and Inversion supersedes the first with direct nonlinear inverse theory – where all the assumptions and shortcomings of the linear theory are removed. Chapters follow the processing sequence, including predicting the reference and scattered wavefields; de-ghosting; removing multiples; Q compensation; depth imaging; and direct non-linear inversion of target mechanical properties. Every step in the processing chain is achieved directly without knowing, estimating, or determining any subsurface information, including a velocity model. No other seismic concept or methodology has that capability. Taken together, the two volumes provide researchers and industry practitioners with a solid understanding of current mainstream methods as well as a new and more capable methodology that reduces to conventional methods when the prerequisites and assumptions within those are satisfied. This provides new options in the seismic toolbox that facilitate target identification across a broader set of seismic offshore and onshore plays.
There is overwhelming evidence that the impacts of climate change are gender-differentiated and that women are the most negatively affected. Drawing on interviews with nearly 100 female activists and politicians from Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Palestine, Lise Storm explores the implications of unequal female political representation for the climate crisis. Storm considers the voices of the women who are, or have been, involved in politics at the highest level. These women have experience with running for election, gender quotas, party politics, portfolio allocation, policy making, agenda setting and other such political dynamics and processes relating to power. This study sheds light on women's agency in climate debates and the impacts of the dynamics surrounding political representation. It adds new perspectives to the backgrounds of female MPs and activists and the drivers of their success – factors which influence how the global climate crisis is tackled locally in the region.
Whether due to climate change, drought, flooding, competing demands, or pollution, watersheds across the globe are under significant duress. To respond to these complex challenges, collaborative approaches to watershed governance have increasingly been adopted in the United States, but very few studies have yet to systematically assess their true effectiveness. This book addresses a significant gap in research by undertaking a comprehensive study of alternative, collaborative structures and whether these produce better water quality outcomes than traditional regulatory governance. Analyzing almost one quarter of US watersheds and examining both the revealed and perceived outcomes of watershed stakeholder collaboration, it is the first large-scale study on this topic. The insights the chapters provide will equip readers with a nuanced and generalizable understanding of the effectiveness of collaboration in natural resource management, which will be of great interest to researchers and practitioners in wide-ranging environmental and public policy roles.
R is fast becoming ubiquitous in the environmental sciences to analyse data. This book introduces environmental modeling and R. It assumes no background in either coding or calculus. It offers real-world examples, fully described programs, and detailed exercises. Readers learn how to analyse large datasets, create beautiful images, thoughtfully utilize the benefits of AI, and use techniques like optimization and sensitivity analysis in their modelling of complex environmental systems. Using examples from a range of environmental topics – including ecology, conservation, and climate science - the book will interest readers from a broad range of environmental and conservation sciences. Most graduate programs in environmental science and sustainability use R because it is both open source and powerful. R is common in government and consulting work, so students that go on to more advanced environmental modelling courses and potentially careers in the environmental field will find a grounding in R very useful.
Policies designed to address climate change have been met with limited success. Multilateral treaties, agreements and frameworks linked to the UN and COP meetings have so far failed to limit the rise in average global temperature. Rethinking Climate Policy suggests that one of the most important reasons for this is that we are looking at the economics of climate change in the wrong way, arguing that we need to look at climate change as a problem of resource creation, not resource allocation. It identifies problems in current climate policymaking, breaking many taboos in standard economics, to offer a bold proposal for effective and achievable public policy to achieve a zero-carbon economy. Underpinned by both a sound economic and complex systems analysis, this book develops a groundbreaking metric of economic resilience to measure the capacity of economies to transform without breaking down and accordingly how to best design climate policies.
Solar geoengineering (SG) is a set of highly controversial emerging technologies proposed to address climate change by reflecting sunlight away from the planet to reduce temperatures. SG may reduce climate risks, however it also presents novel risks, uncertainties, and challenges, necessitating broad and inclusive public engagement. This Element presents a briefing book and methods toolkit to build capacity for public engagement on SG. Part I of the Element explains the need to build capacity to enable public engagement on solar geoengineering, and presents three methods for doing so: capacity building workshops, participatory Technology Assessment, and Deliberative Polling. Part II presents a briefing book that provides accessible, balanced, and evidence-based information on critical topics including climate science, climate policy, SG science, SG governance and policy, and SG ethics and justice. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
The Amazon rainforest is a vital carbon reservoir and climate regulator, and yet global demands on its natural resources are leading to irreversible environmental damage, impacting the planet's water cycle, climate, and food security. How to balance the interests of the eight Amazon basin states with these global environmental concerns, and the ancestral rights of the over 400 indigenous peoples that live there? Building on fieldwork in Peru, Brazil, and Ecuador, this book provides a novel multi-scalar and multi-sectoral analysis of the Amazon. In doing so, it argues that the current governance of the Amazon exhibits the policy failures of polycentricity, with different authorities developing localised environmental initiatives with weak coordination. It sets out a policy paradigm shift to plurinational governance, that incorporates indigenous peoples and conservation scientists in international decision-making. This book will interest academics of environmental law, politics and governance, and policymakers and practitioners involved in global environmental governance in general and international commons and the Amazonian region in particular.
Conflict and environmental challenges are on the rise globally. Conflict always impacts the environment, just as the environment always shapes conflict. It is tricky to understand where, how, and why they interact, and what the implications are. This book delivers a simple but robust framework to help address these complex issues. It integrates social and environmental science, policy, and management, offering an interdisciplinary approach and toolkit to assess these issues. The chapters include a range of historical and contemporary examples to contextualize and ground the framework, covering innovative ways in which people and institutions are working on these challenges in pursuit of a flourishing human society and environment. This book will be useful for researchers, students, and anyone interested in environmental policy, international relations, and conflict and peace studies. It is designed for everyone, from experts in the field to everyday citizens about to cast a vote.
Explores how scientific meaning and decision-making are filtered through the stories we tell about science and through our social, cultural, and personal identities. Focusing on mothers as a prominent and important identity in science communication, this Element explores both the obstacles and the opportunities for public engagement with scientific topics. After providing an overview of the nexus of science communication, stories, and identities, the author applies key insights from these topics to the case study of motherhood in the climate change and vaccination controversies. They then offer science communication strategies based on these insights for science communicators, mothers, and other caregivers. This analysis is original research that demonstrates the value of understanding stories and identities in mobilizing mothers for both science skepticism and science advocacy.
This book explores the seminal importance of the first UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm 1972 – the Stockholm Conference – for the development of international environmental law. By bringing together world leading experts from academia and legal practice, the book charts the development of international environmental law in the 50 years since 1972 in the areas of nature and biodiversity, chemicals and waste, oceans and water, and atmosphere and climate, and with respect to structures and institutions, consumption and production, and human rights and participatory rights in environmental matters. It analyses how the ideas and concepts of the Stockholm Conference have influenced this development and explores the novel ideas that have emerged since then. It describes the approaches of the developed and developing countries in this process and the relationship between international environmental law and other areas of law, such as the law of the sea and international economic law.
Investigates the 2016 installation of Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe language) toponym signs throughout the White Earth Reservation, reflecting an ongoing tradition of Ojibwe linguistic preservation rooted in environmental knowledge of waters. Drawing on ethnographic interviews with White Earth citizens, descendants, and personnel, this work addresses how these public markers make Anishinaabemowin visible in the world for Ojibwe youth and other White Earth Anishinaabeg, while marking the reservation as an Ojibwe space. These place name signs, along with youth language programs, intervene in the legacy of imposed language loss of Anishinaabemowin on the White Earth Reservation caused by mission, day, and boarding schools. Examines Ojibwe people's intergenerational efforts to document place names, responses to these signs, and how they relate to toponymic authority and spatial belonging. Focuses on historic and contemporary stories of Ojibwe geographic relationships grounded in fishing, hunting, ricing, and gathering within and surrounding Gaa-waabaabiganikaag. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Computational mineralogy is fast becoming the most effective and quantitatively accurate method for successfully determining structures, properties and processes at the extreme pressure and temperature conditions that exist within the Earth's deep interior. It is now possible to simulate complex mineral phases using a variety of theoretical computational techniques that probe the microscopic nature of matter at both the atomic and sub-atomic levels. This introductory guide is for geoscientists as well as researchers performing measurements and experiments in a lab, those seeking to identify minerals remotely or in the field, and those seeking specific numerical values of particular physical properties. Written in a user- and property-oriented way, and illustrated with calculation examples for different mineral properties, it explains how property values are produced, how to tell if they are meaningful or not, and how they can be used alongside experimental results to unlock the secrets of the Earth.
What kind of trouble lies ahead? How can we successfully transition towards a sustainable future? Drawing on a remarkably broad range of insights from complex systems and the functioning of the brain to the history of civilizations and the workings of modern societies, the distinguished scientist Marten Scheffer addresses these key questions of our times. He looks to the past to show how societies have tipped out of trouble before, the mechanisms that drive social transformations and the invisible hands holding us back. He traces how long-standing practices such as the slave trade and foot-binding were suddenly abandoned and how entire civilizations have collapsed to make way for something new. Could we be heading for a similarly dramatic change? Marten Scheffer argues that a dark future is plausible but not yet inevitable and he provides us instead with a hopeful roadmap to steer ourselves away from collapse-and toward renewal.
As private companies assume a growing role in climate adaptation, their strategies may harm society and ecosystems unless grounded in responsible business conduct. This Element offers a new perspective on responsible business conduct in climate adaptation, presenting a theoretical framework that explains how regulatory and political factors external to firms influence their consideration of societal needs when adapting to climate change. Using a novel quantitative and qualitative dataset, the Element shows that the world's largest mining companies have primarily addressed climate risks through conventional corporate social responsibility strategies rather than procedural components of responsible business conduct, such as risk assessments, participation, and transparency. The results suggest this outcome is best explained by a combination of weak governance, lax voluntary standards, and civil society advocacy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The optical theory of light-scattering by nonspherical particles is fundamental to remote sensing of the atmosphere and ocean, as well as other areas of computational physics, medical scanning, and electromagnetics. At present, many training programs in light scattering are woefully lacking. This book fills the void in existing research on light-scattering research and training, particularly in the case of large scattering particles, and provides a solid foundation on which future research can be based, including suggestions for directions for further work in the field. With the elucidation of the theoretical basis for light scattering (particularly within the framework of the physical-geometric optics method) and the demonstration of practical applications, this book will be invaluable for training future scientists in the discipline of light scattering, as well as for researchers and professionals using remote sensing techniques to analyse the properties of the atmosphere and oceans, and in the area of biophotonics.