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2106 results in Aerospace engineering

Page 16 of 106

  • 2 - Aircraft Electric Power System Design, Control, and Protection

  • Edited by Kiruba Haran, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Nateri Madavan, Tim C. O'Connell
  • Book:
    Electrified Aircraft Propulsion
    Published online:
    11 May 2022
    Print publication:
    26 May 2022, pp 29-48

  • Summary

    There are numerous potential benefits associated with electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP). Achieving economical and safe EAP in transport aircraft would constitute an enormous leap forward in aviation. However, as with all potential engineering breakthroughs, the devil is in the details. This chapter begins to examine some of these details by introducing the electric power system (EPS) and summarizing its design, control, and protection functions. With the electrification of propulsion systems, EPS power levels (i.e., generation, distribution, and loads) are expected to increase by at least an order of magnitude, with far-reaching implications on the overall system design. Since all aspects of the EPS will be impacted, a thorough understanding and appreciation of the EPS and its functions is necessary to fully comprehend the challenges ahead. Several key EPS components and functions are described, and the solid foundation provided by the material in this chapter prepares the reader for the focused discussions of individual system components that follow in subsequent chapters.

Electrified Aircraft Propulsion
  • Powering the Future of Air Transportation
  • Edited by Kiruba Haran, Nateri Madavan, Tim C. O'Connell
  • Published online:
    11 May 2022
    Print publication:
    26 May 2022
  • What are the benefits of electrified propulsion for large aircraft? What technology advancements are required to realize these benefits? How can the aerospace industry transition from today's technologies to state-of-the-art electrified systems? Learn the answers with this multidisciplinary text, combining expertise from leading researchers in electrified aircraft propulsion. The book includes broad coverage of electrification technologies  – spanning power systems and power electronics, materials science, superconductivity and cryogenics, thermal management, battery chemistry, system design, and system optimization – and a clear-cut road map identifying remaining gaps between the current state-of-the-art and future performance technologies. Providing expert guidance on areas for future research and investment and an ideal introduction to cutting-edge advances and outstanding challenges in large electric aircraft design, this is a perfect resource for graduate students, researchers, electrical and aeronautical engineers, policymakers, and management professionals interested in next-generation commercial flight technologies.

Aerothermodynamics and Jet Propulsion
  • Paul G. A. Cizmas
  • Published online:
    14 January 2022
    Print publication:
    02 December 2021
  • Get up to speed with this robust introduction to the aerothermodynamics principles underpinning jet propulsion, and learn how to apply these principles to jet engine components. Suitable for undergraduate students in aerospace and mechanical engineering, and for professional engineers working in jet propulsion, this textbook includes consistent emphasis on fundamental phenomena and key governing equations, providing students with a solid theoretical grounding on which to build practical understanding; clear derivations from first principles, enabling students to follow the reasoning behind key assumptions and decisions, and successfully apply these approaches to new problems; practical examples grounded in real-world jet propulsion scenarios illustrate new concepts throughout the book, giving students an early introduction to jet and rocket engine considerations; and online materials for course instructors, including solutions, figures, and software resources, to enhance student teaching.

Engineering Design Optimization
  • Joaquim R. R. A. Martins, Andrew Ning
  • Published online:
    05 January 2022
    Print publication:
    18 November 2021
  • Based on course-tested material, this rigorous yet accessible graduate textbook covers both fundamental and advanced optimization theory and algorithms. It covers a wide range of numerical methods and topics, including both gradient-based and gradient-free algorithms, multidisciplinary design optimization, and uncertainty, with instruction on how to determine which algorithm should be used for a given application. It also provides an overview of models and how to prepare them for use with numerical optimization, including derivative computation. Over 400 high-quality visualizations and numerous examples facilitate understanding of the theory, and practical tips address common issues encountered in practical engineering design optimization and how to address them. Numerous end-of-chapter homework problems, progressing in difficulty, help put knowledge into practice. Accompanied online by a solutions manual for instructors and source code for problems, this is ideal for a one- or two-semester graduate course on optimization in aerospace, civil, mechanical, electrical, and chemical engineering departments.

  • 8 - Thrust Augmentation

  • from Part II - Air-Breathing Engines
  • Paul G. A. Cizmas, Texas A & M University
  • Book:
    Aerothermodynamics and Jet Propulsion
    Published online:
    14 January 2022
    Print publication:
    02 December 2021, pp 381-381

  • Summary

    Thrust augmentation is usually needed for a short time period at (1) takeoff, (2) climb, (3) combat, and (4) high speed performance. Thrust augmentation allows us to avoid using a bigger (and heavier) engine that would penalize the performance of the aircraft when the additional thrust is not necessary. In other words, instead of utilizing a heavier and more powerful engine whose maximum power is only needed for a short period of time, it is often better to use a smaller engine that produces the required short-duration thrust by power augmentation. This section presents three methods of thrust augmentation: (1) water injection, (2) afterburning, and (3) inter-turbine combustion.

  • 5 - Introduction to Combustion

  • from Part I - Basic Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics for Propulsion
  • Paul G. A. Cizmas, Texas A & M University
  • Book:
    Aerothermodynamics and Jet Propulsion
    Published online:
    14 January 2022
    Print publication:
    02 December 2021, pp 157-157

  • Summary

    Combustion is the process that heats the working fluid in a jet engine. Combustion is a particular chemical reaction that has the following specific characteristics: (1) it is exothermic, (2) it is a fast oxidation of the combustion mixture, and (3) it is associated by light emission. The majority of chemical reactions take place in the flame, which is the region where the oxidation is visible.

  • 6 - Thermodynamics of Air-Breathing Engines

  • from Part II - Air-Breathing Engines
  • Paul G. A. Cizmas, Texas A & M University
  • Book:
    Aerothermodynamics and Jet Propulsion
    Published online:
    14 January 2022
    Print publication:
    02 December 2021, pp 195-280

  • Summary

    This chapter presents a thermodynamic analysis of various types of jet engines. The general thrust equation, introduced based on simple reasoning in , is derived using a rigorous approach based on mass and momentum conservation equations. The performance parameters needed to evaluate propulsion systems are presented next. The Brayton cycle, the ideal cycle of a jet engine, is then discussed. The assumptions of the Brayton cycle are gradually relaxed, and the real cycles of turbojet, turbofan, turboprop/turboshaft and ramjet engines are subsequently presented.

Page 16 of 106