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1631 results in Energy Technology

Page 44 of 82

Electricity in Africa
  • The Politics of Transformation in Uganda
  • Christopher D. Gore
  • Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    25 August 2018
    Print publication:
    31 August 2017
  • No country has managed to develop beyond a subsistence economy without ensuring at least minimum access to electricity for the majority of its population. Yet many sub-Saharan African countries struggle to meet demand. Why is this, and what can be done to reduce energy poverty and further Africa's development? Examining the politics and processes surrounding electricity infrastructure, provision and reform, the author provides an overview of historical and contemporary debates about access in the sub-continent, and explores the shifting role and influence of national governments and of multilateral agencies in energy reform decisions. He describes a challenging political environment for electricity supply, with African governments becoming increasingly frustrated with the rules and the processes of multilateral donors. Civil society also began to question reform choices, and governments in turn looked to new development partners, such as China, to chart a fresh path of energy transformation.Drawing on over fifteen years of research on Uganda, which has one of the lowest levels of access to electricity in Africa and has struggled to construct several, large hydroelectric dams on the Nile, Gore argues that there is a critical need to recognize how the changing political and social context in African countries, and globally, has affected the capacity to fulfil national energy goals, minimize energy poverty and transform economies.Christopher Gore is Associate Professor, Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.

Photovoltaic Science and Technology
  • J. N. Roy, D. N. Bose
  • Published online:
    05 July 2018
    Print publication:
    15 November 2017
  • Solar photovoltaics (SPV) forms an integral part of renewable energy systems that are crucial for combating global warming. Written to serve as an ideal text for students, researchers and industrial personnel, it discusses the principles of operation of photovoltaic devices, their limitations, choice of materials, and maximum efficiencies. It covers in depth discussion of new materials and devices based on organics and perovskites, and a flow-chart of the manufacture of Si, GaAs and CdTe cells, their characterization and testing. It highlights characterization, testing and reliability of solar PV modules, comparison of fixed and tracking SPV systems using concentrator cells. Economical aspects of grid-connected and stand-alone systems and a wide range of applications, from solar pumps, and street lighting to large power plants is covered in the text. Several aspects such as cell and module manufacture, characterization, testing, reliability, and system design are described considering commercial SPV manufacturing plants.

Thermodynamics with Chemical Engineering Applications
  • Elias I. Franses
  • Published online:
    28 May 2018
    Print publication:
    25 August 2014
  • Master the principles of thermodynamics with this comprehensive undergraduate textbook, carefully developed to provide students of chemical engineering and chemistry with a deep and intuitive understanding of the practical applications of these fundamental ideas and principles. Logical and lucid explanations introduce core thermodynamic concepts in the context of their measurement and experimental origin, giving students a thorough understanding of how theoretical concepts apply to practical situations. A broad range of real-world applications relate key topics to contemporary issues, such as energy efficiency, environmental engineering and climate change, and further reinforce students' understanding of the core material. This is a carefully organized, highly pedagogical treatment, including over 500 open-ended study questions for discussion, over 150 varied homework problems, clear and objective standards for measuring student progress, and a password-protected solution manual for instructors.

Renewable Energy Engineering
  • Nicholas Jenkins, Janaka Ekanayake
  • Published online:
    28 May 2018
    Print publication:
    06 April 2017
  • This book provides a quantitative yet accessible overview of renewable energy engineering practice and the technologies that will transform our energy supply system over the coming years. Covering wind, hydro, solar thermal, photovoltaic, ocean and bioenergy, the text is suitable for engineering undergraduates as well as graduate students from other numerate degrees. The technologies involved, background theory and how projects are developed, constructed, and operated are described. Worked examples of the simple techniques used to calculate the output of renewable energy schemes engage students by showing how theory relates to real applications. Tutorial chapters provide background material, supporting students from a range of disciplines and ensuring they receive the broad understanding essential for a successful career in the field. Over 150 end-of-chapter problems are included with answers to the problems available in the book and full solutions at www.cambridge.org/jenkins, password-protected for instructors.

Energy Efficiency in Japan
  • Edited by Agung Wicaksono
  • Published by:
    ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
    Published online:
    18 November 2017
    Print publication:
    02 April 2008
  • Energy efficiency has become one of the most important aspects in the global energy outlook today. The depletion of fossil fuels as energy resources and global warming make it imperative for us to consider energy efficiency policies and measures as an important priority for policy-makers and every responsible global citizen.Japan has been a leading country in the area of energy efficiency. Since the 1970s when the oil crisis hit, Japan, which depends almost wholly on imported energy supplies from abroad, has been conducting various efforts on energy conservation and diversification of energy sources. As a result, Japan has achieved the lowest primary energy consumption per GDP in the world. Asian countries should learn from Japan’s success in this area, especially since their economic growth is predicted to be one of the primary drivers for growth in global energy demand.The chapters in this book are based on presentations on Japan’s energy efficiency and conservation at ISEAS Energy Forums.

  • 8 - Characterization, Testing and Reliability of Solar PV Module

  • J. N. Roy, D. N. Bose
  • Book:
    Photovoltaic Science and Technology
    Published online:
    05 July 2018
    Print publication:
    15 November 2017, pp 259-319

  • Summary

    INTRODUCTION

    Characterization and testing during and after manufacture play important roles for ensuring quality and performance [1, 2] of Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) modules. The in-situ characterization during various process steps ensures that good quality modules with acceptable power output are produced. Testing of SPV modules has additional aspects of authenticity and accuracy of the test results. As the output power of the finished modules decides the DC output at system level, some standards and protocols are to be followed during testing to ensure that correct values are measured. Standards are applicable to the tester, which is also known as a ‘Sun simulator’. The protocol demands that the tester is always calibrated against some reference module during testing of finished modules. The reference modules are to be certified by authorized centres such as NREL, Fraunhofer, CIMET, etc. The modules are tested and the electrical parameters, including power are rated under Standard Test Condition (STC), which is 1000 Wm-2 irradiance incident normal to the plane of module face maintained at 25°C. These protocols and standards ensure that the testing of any module produces the same electrical characteristics, within the accuracy band of the tester used, wherever the module is tested. The accuracy required for the Sun simulator is also specified through a standard. These are very important as the accuracy of the rated electrical behaviour, particularly the power output of the modules, ultimately decide how much energy can be extracted from the SPV system using these modules. Inaccurate measurement of power can have serious financial implications for the seller if the measured power is less than the actual value and for the buyer if the measured power is larger than the actual value. It is also important to measure other electrical parameters, such as VOC, ISC, Vm and Im as the string design for SPV system (Chapter 9) requires accurate values of such parameters. It is possible to have the value of the power output very close to the rated value, but other electrical parameters may have large deviations/inaccuracies. The test protocol and standards addresses such issues as well.

    Reliability determines the long-term behaviour of any device or product such as a SPV module. This is particularly important as the modules are supposed to produce power for 25 years or more.

Page 44 of 82