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In this chapter, we apply the time derivative presented in Chapter 1 to study the kinematics of the point (mass point or particle), which is the simplest model for material bodies.
The mass point model is not suitable when the orientation is relevant to the problem under study. The simplest model incorporating the orientation is the rigid body, which is defined as a set of material points with constant mutual distances. This definition is so close to that of the reference frame that both concepts are taken as synonyms in a kinematics context. The reference frame of points fixed with respect to the rigid body is called body reference frame. The kinematics of the rigid body corresponds to the transportation motion (Chapter 2) associated with that reference frame.
Kinematics deals with the geometry of motion of material bodies along time – change of position in space and over time – without regard to the physical phenomena on which it depends. Such description requires mathematical models for space and time (which is the physical framework of mechanical phenomena) and mathematical models for bodies.
The study of the dynamics of a mechanical system starts with the description of its mechanical state (position and velocity of every point in the system). For the particular case of systems consisting of a finite number of rigid bodies, though the number of points is infinite, that description calls for a finite set of position variables – generalized coordinates (GC) – and speed variables – generalized speeds (GS). The vector space defined by the GC is called configuration space; that defined by the GC and the GS is known as phase space.
Master the conceptual, theoretical and practical aspects of kinematics with this exhaustive text, which provides a rigorous analysis and description of general motion in mechanical systems, with numerous examples from spinning tops to wheel ground-vehicles. Over 400 figures illustrate the main ideas and provide a geometrical interpretation and a deeper understanding of concepts, and exercises and problems throughout the text provide additional hands-on practice. Ideal for students taking courses on rigid body kinematics, and an invaluable reference for researchers.