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5486 results in Thermal-fluids engineering

Page 186 of 275

  • Appendix B - An Ultra Low Temperature Differential Stirling Engine

  • James R. Senft, University of Wisconsin, River Falls
  • Book:
    Mechanical Efficiency of Heat Engines
    Published online:
    15 October 2009
    Print publication:
    13 August 2007, pp 153-162

  • Summary

    Although the analysis presented in Chapter 7 is highly idealized, it is quite appropriate for providing some insight into the geometrical requirements of the ultra low temperature differential Stirling engine illustrated in Figures B.1–B.3. Nicknamed the P-19, this engine has proven itself capable of operating down to a temperature difference of just 0.5 °C (less than 1 °F) between its warm and cool sides. The P-19 was the first to run from heat absorbed while resting on the palm of a human hand. The P-19 was first publicly demonstrated at the 25th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference held in Reno, Nevada, in August 1990.

    BACKGROUND

    A low temperature differential (LTD) Stirling engine may be characterized as one that operates more or less optimally with a temperature difference of less than 100 °C between its hot and cold end. Ivo Kolin was the first to design and build such an engine. At the Inter-University Center in Dubrovnik in 1983 he demonstrated the first of his engines operating with hot water as the heat source and cold water as the heat sink (Kolin, 1983). The engine continued to run until the temperature difference between the source and sink dropped to 15 °C.

    Kolin's first engine inspired a number of research projects over the next decade to further develop LTD Stirling engines (Senft, 1996).

  • Preface

  • James R. Senft, University of Wisconsin, River Falls
  • Book:
    Mechanical Efficiency of Heat Engines
    Published online:
    15 October 2009
    Print publication:
    13 August 2007, pp xi-xiv

  • Summary

    This book presents a general conceptual and basic quantitative analysis of the mechanical efficiency of heat engines. Typically, treatment of the mechanical efficiency of heat engines has been performed on a case-by-case basis. In ordinary practice, kinematic analysis and computer simulation of specific engine mechanisms coupled with calculated or measured pressure–volume cycles usually can indeed be effectively used for evaluating and locally optimizing engine designs. However, going beyond the specific and local requires broader insights that only a general theory can provide.

    No general approach to mechanical efficiency of heat engines had been available until recently. This is in sharp contrast to the situation regarding the thermal efficiency of heat engines. Classical thermodynamics treats the subject of thermal efficiency in great generality. Its results, although obtained in a highly idealized setting, are of profound importance to engine theorists, designers, and practitioners. This book presents a theory of mechanical efficiency at a similar level of ideality and generality.

    The first results in this area were published in 1985 and further developed in a series of papers up to the writing of this book. The work modeled the interaction between the mechanical section of an engine and its thermal section at a level compatible with that of classical thermodynamics.

Page 186 of 275