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12661 results in History of science

Page 27 of 634

Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation
  • Pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée
  • Volume 4
  • Georges Cuvier
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    13 November 2012
    First published in:
    1817
  • French zoologist and naturalist Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), one of the most eminent scientific figures of the early nineteenth century, is best known for laying the foundations of comparative anatomy and palaeontology. He spent his lifetime studying the anatomy of animals, and broke new ground by comparing living and fossil specimens - many he uncovered himself. However, Cuvier always opposed evolutionary theories and was during his day the foremost proponent of catastrophism, a doctrine contending that geological changes were caused by sudden cataclysms. He received universal acclaim when he published his monumental Le règne animal, which made significant advances over the Linnaean taxonomic system of classification and arranged animals into four large groups. The sixteen-volume English translation and expansion, The Animal Kingdom (1827–35), is also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection. First published in 1817, Volume 4 of the original version covers zoophytes and concludes with several beautiful plates.

The Royal Society and the Promotion of Science since 1960
  • Peter Collins
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    12 November 2015
  • The Royal Society is one of the world's oldest and most prestigious scientific bodies, but what has it done in recent decades? Increasingly marginalised by postwar developments and the reforms of civil science in the 1960s, the Society was at risk of resting on its laurels. Instead, it found ways of exploiting its unique networks of scientific talent to promote science. Creating opportunities for outstanding individuals to establish and advance research careers, influencing policymaking at national and international levels, and engaging with the public outside the world of professional science, the Society gave fresh expression to the values that had shaped its long history. Through unparalleled access to the Society's modern archives and other archival sources, interviews with key individuals and extensive inside knowledge, Peter Collins shows how the Society addressed the challenges posed by the astounding growth of science and by escalating interactions between science and daily life.

The Scientific Papers of the Honourable Henry Cavendish, F. R. S
  • Volume 2
  • Henry Cavendish
  • Edited by Sir Edward Thorpe
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    02 February 2011
    First published in:
    1921
  • Henry Cavendish (1731–1810) was an English scientist whose published work was mostly concerned with electricity. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1760. Cavendish was a prolific scientific investigator, performing experiments on not only electricity but also magnetism, thermometry, gases, heat potential and the chemical composition of water. Although he published some of his research, including his discovery of hydrogen, the majority of his work remained unpublished until 1879, when James Clerk Maxwell published a collection of Cavendish's electrical experiments. These papers showed that Cavendish had discovered many important electrical concepts which had since been credited to other researchers, including the concept of electric potential. First published in 1921, these volumes are a collection of Cavendish's results from his many experiments. Volume 2 contains previously unpublished papers showing the results of Cavendish's chemical, magnetic and thermometry experiments.

Letters to Gilbert White of Selborne
  • From his Intimate Friend and Contemporary the Rev. John Mulso
  • John Mulso
  • Edited by Rashleigh Holt-White
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    20 October 2011
    First published in:
    1907
  • These letters to Gilbert White (1720–93), the author of The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne (1789; also reissued in this series) were published in 1907. They were written between 1744 and 1790 by John Mulso (1721–91); brother of the bluestocking Mrs Chapone, to White, whom he had met when both were undergraduates at Oxford. White's letters to Mulso were unfortunately destroyed, frustrating plans to publish a 'most interesting and amusing series of letters' between intimate friends, but the remaining half of the correspondence, 'containing almost the only contemporary illustration of Gilbert White's character and career', and then in the possession of the earl of Stamford, was edited by Rashleigh Holt-White, a great-great-nephew and enthusiast of his ancestor's life. These fascinating letters give insights into not only White's character but also the lives of the gentry of the period, and the intellectual milieu in which both men moved.

Selected Papers, 1821–38
  • John Stevens Henslow
  • Introduction by J. S. Parker
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    17 April 2014
    First published in:
    1821
  • Professor of botany from 1825 until his death, John Stevens Henslow (1796–1861) revived and greatly advanced the study of plants at Cambridge. His influence helped to make the University Botanic Garden an important centre for teaching and research. Originally published over a period of seventeen years, and now reissued here together, these thirteen papers reveal the impressive breadth of Henslow's scientific knowledge. The first two items, from 1821, address the geology of the Isle of Man and Anglesey respectively, preceding his five-year tenure as chair of mineralogy at Cambridge from 1822. The rest of the papers, dating from 1829 to 1838, address botanical topics. Professor John Parker, Director of Cambridge University Botanic Garden, has provided a new introduction that traces Henslow's developing interests and contextualises the items in this collection. Several of Henslow's other publications, including his Catalogue of British Plants (1829), are reissued separately in this series.

The Scientific Papers of the Honourable Henry Cavendish, F. R. S
  • Volume 1, The Electrical Researches
  • Henry Cavendish
  • Edited by James Clerk Maxwell, Sir Joseph Larmor
  • Published online:
    05 November 2015
    Print publication:
    02 February 2011
    First published in:
    1921
  • Henry Cavendish (1731–1810) was an English scientist whose published work was mostly concerned with electricity. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1760. Cavendish was a prolific scientific investigator, performing experiments on not only electricity but also magnetism, thermometry, gases, heat potential and the chemical composition of water. Although he published some of his research, including his discovery of hydrogen, the majority of his work remained unpublished until 1879, when James Clerk Maxwell published a collection of Cavendish's electrical experiments. These papers showed that Cavendish had discovered many important electrical concepts which had since been credited to other researchers, including the concept of electric potential. First published in 1921, these volumes are a collection of Cavendish's results from his many experiments. Volume 1 is a revised edition of James Clerk Maxwell's 1879 volume Electrical Researches of Henry Cavendish, also reissued in this series.

Physics and Philosophy
  • Philosophical Papers
  • Volume 4
  • Paul K. Feyerabend
  • Edited by Stefano Gattei, Joseph Agassi
  • Published online:
    05 October 2015
    Print publication:
    17 September 2015
  • This collection of the writings of Paul Feyerabend is focused on his philosophy of quantum physics, the hotbed of the key issues of his most debated ideas. Written between 1948 and 1970, these writings come from his first and most productive period. These early works are important for two main reasons. First, they document Feyerabend's deep concern with the philosophical implications of quantum physics and its interpretations. These ideas were paid less attention in the following two decades. Second, the writings provide the crucial background for Feyerabend's critiques of Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn. Although rarely considered by scholars, Feyerabend's early work culminated in the first version of Against Method. These writings guided him on all the key issues of his most well-known and debated theses, such as the incommensurability thesis, the principles of proliferation and tenacity, and his particular version of relativism, and more specifically on quantum mechanics.

Page 27 of 634