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11977 results in Plant sciences

Page 40 of 599

Phycology
  • 5th edition
  • Robert Edward Lee
  • Published online:
    06 August 2018
    Print publication:
    01 March 2018
  • Phycology is the study of algae, the primary photosynthetic organisms in freshwater and marine food chains. Since the publication of the first edition in 1981, this textbook has established itself as a classic resource on this subject. Aimed at upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in phycology, limnology and biological oceanography, this revised edition maintains the format of previous editions, whilst incorporating the recent developments in the field such as: the potential and challenges of producing algae biofuel; the proliferation of algal toxins; and the development of new molecular tools and technologies on ancestry, phylogeny, and taxonomy of algae.

The Fundamentals of Horticulture
  • Theory and Practice
  • Edited by Chris Bird
  • Published online:
    28 May 2018
    Print publication:
    24 April 2014
  • Essential reading for all studying horticulture and keen gardeners. This clear introduction to the principles underlying the practical applications of horticulture opens up the excitement of growing plants and garden development without readers wading through complex information. Written by a team of highly motivated and experienced horticultural tutors, the text supports the newly restructured RHS Level 2 qualifications with related Level 3 topics in boxes and signposting to Level 4 topics, together with other horticultural qualifications at these levels. Full colour images tied closely to the text and practical case study boxes inspire readers by making topics relevant to their own horticultural experiences. A comprehensive glossary helps build confidence in the use of classical horticulture language as well as new developing terms, and end-of-chapter questions encourage readers to apply what they have learnt. Extensive online supporting material includes mind maps showing the relationship of topics and aiding students in revision.

  • 54 - Plumbaginaceae

  • from Division 5 - Magnoliophyta
  • Peter Sell, University of Cambridge, Gina Murrell, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    Flora of Great Britain and Ireland
    Print publication:
    12 April 2018, pp 536-558

  • Summary

    Perennial or rarely annual herbs or small shrubs. Leaves spirally arranged in a basal rosette, simple, narrowed at base, entire, without stipules. Inflorescence of branched cymes or hemispherical heads; flowers bisexual, hypogynous and actinomorphic. Bracts scarious. Calyx connate below, 5-lobed above, scarious at least above, persistent. Corolla connate at base, with 5 lobes above, pink to blue. Stamens 5, borne at base of corolla. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with 1 basal, anatropous ovule. Styles 5; stigmas linear. Fruit a 1-seeded capsule, dry, with a thin papery wall; seed with a straight embryo in mealy endosperm.

    Contains about 19 genera and 780 species, cosmopolitan. Chiefly plants of seashores and salt-steppes, but there are some arctic and alpine species.

  • Flowers in dense hemispherical heads with a tubular sheath of fused scarious bracts beneath; styles hairy below 1. Armeria

  • Flowers in branching cymes, with the ultimate unit of 1–5 flowers with 3 scale-like bracts; styles glabrous throughout 2. Limonium

    • Armeria Willd. nom. conserv.

    Statice L.; Polyanthemum Medik.

    Caespitose perennial herbs or cushion-forming dwarf shrubs, with a branched, woody stock. Leaves simple, in basal rosettes. Inflorescence a capitulum, with an involucre of imbricate bracts and a tubular, scarious sheath at the base enclosing the top of the scape; flowers usually bracteolate, in usually bracteate, cymose spikelets. Calyx infundibuliform, inserted obliquely, with a basal spur; tube 5- or 10-ribbed; limb scarious; lobes usually awned. Corolla infundibuliform; petals cuneate at the extreme base, persistent. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the corolla. Styles 5, connate at the base; stigmas plumose. Fruit a 1-seeded capsule, with circumscissile or irregular dehiscence.

    Contains about 80 species and many infraspecific taxa of maritime, arctic and alpine habitats in temperate Europe, Asia, North Africa, North America and southern South America.

    Most species in temperate Europe show dimorphism of pollen and stigma and are said to be self-incompatible.

  • 58 - Tiliaceae

  • from Division 5 - Magnoliophyta
  • Peter Sell, University of Cambridge, Gina Murrell, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    Flora of Great Britain and Ireland
    Print publication:
    12 April 2018, pp 572-576

  • Summary

    Deciduous trees. Leaves alternate, simple, mostly broadly ovate, cordate-based and serrate, petiolate, with stipules falling early. Inflorescence a cyme, with 2–25 fragrant flowers whose peduncle is fused to a persistent papery bract which is dispersed with the fruits; flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, hypogynous. Sepals 5, free. Petals 5, free, usually creamish-yellow. Stamens numerous, more or less coherent in 5 bundles. Style 1; stigma capitate, more or less lobed. Ovary 5-celled; each cell with 2 ovules. Fruit a nut, with 1–3 seeds.

    Contains about 35 genera and about 300 species, widely distributed from temperate to tropical regions.

    Tilia

    Deciduous trees with a strong tendency to sprout from the base. Leaves alternate, often ovate-cordate and asymmetrical, with a slender petiole; stipules present, falling shortly after the leaves expand. Inflorescence with peduncle fused to the upper surface of an elliptical or oblanceolate bract; flowers in a dichasial cyme, strongly scented, entomophilous. Sepals 5, boat-shaped, with hair-covered nectaries on their upper surfaces. Petals 5, strap-shaped, cream to bright yellow. Stamens numerous, in 5 bundles; petal-like staminodes may be present. Ovary spherical, with 5 cells, each containing 2 ovules. Style 1, slender; stigma small, 5-lobed. Fruit a nut, usually indehiscent and containing 1–3 seeds. The fruits are shed with the bract attached and acting as a wing.

    Contains about 30 species in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. When taxa come together in cultivation they tend to hybridise.

  • 60 - Sarraceniaceae

  • from Division 5 - Magnoliophyta
  • Peter Sell, University of Cambridge, Gina Murrell, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    Flora of Great Britain and Ireland
    Print publication:
    12 April 2018, pp 588-589

  • Summary

    Perennial herbs. Basal leaves forming tubular pitchers with a small lamina at the top. Inflorescence a single terminal flower; flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, nodding. Sepals 5, more or less petaloid, with 3 small bracteoles resembling an epicalyx. Petals 5, showy. Stamens numerous. Style 1, short; stigma greatly expanded, peltate. Ovary 5-celled, with many ovules in each cell. Fruit a capsule.

    Contains 3 genera and about 17 species in Atlantic North America, California and the Pakaraima Mountains in the Guiana Highlands.

    Sarracenia L.

    As family.

    Ten species in Atlantic North America, some widely cultivated and not infrequently naturalised. Hybrids are of frequent occurrence.

    McDaniel, S. (1971). The genus Sarracenia (Sarraceniaceae). Bull. Tall Timbers Research Station 9 : 1–36.

  • Pitchers decumbent, sometimes curved and unequally tapering; petals usually dark red 1. purpurea

  • Pitchers erect, straight and gradually tapering; petals yellow or red 2. flava

    • 1. S. purpurea L. Purple Pitcherplant

    Perennial insectivorous herb. Leaves modified into flasklike structures called pitchers which are 5–50 cm, green, shading to dark reddish-purple, or veined with reddish-purple, decumbent, sometimes curved and unequally tapering, with a wing up to about 6.5 cm wide, glabrous or hairy; mouth with a reddish-purple hood, kidney-shaped, up to 5 cm, arching over the mouth. Flowering stem up to 75 cm, dark red. Sepals 5, up to 4.0 × 3.5 cm, dark purplish- red. Petals 5, up to 7.0 × 2.5 cm, pink to dark red, rarely yellow; apical part oblong or elliptical. Stamens numerous. Style 1; disc about 5 cm wide, green or yellowish- green, 5-lobed and umbrella-shaped. Capsules with numerous seeds. Flowers 6. 2n = 26.

    Introduced. Planted in wet peat bogs and well naturalised. Central Ireland, where it was established in Co. Laois by 1892; reintroduced in Roscommon in 1906 and later from there to other localities; also in a few localities in England and Scotland. Native of north-east North America; naturalised also in central Europe.

  • 36 - Platanaceae

  • from Division 5 - Magnoliophyta
  • Peter Sell, University of Cambridge, Gina Murrell, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    Flora of Great Britain and Ireland
    Print publication:
    12 April 2018, pp 262-263

  • Summary

    Deciduous, monoecious trees. Leaves alternate, simple, palmately lobed, petiolate, with stipules when young. Flowers hypogynous, actinomorphic, in dense spherical unisexual clusters, two to several clusters on a pendulous peduncle, forming a usually unisexual inflorescence. Perianth small, fused or not, of 1–2 whorls of usually 3–4 segments. Male flowers with 3–4 stamens. Female flowers usually with 3–4 staminodes and 5–8 free carpels, each with 1(–2) ovules. Styles 1; stigma linear. Fruit an achene with long hairs at base.

    Contains one genus with about 10 species in south-east Europe, south-west Asia and North America.

    Platanus L.

    Like family.

    Contains about 10 species in south-east Europe, southwest Asia and North America.

  • 61 - Droseraceae

  • from Division 5 - Magnoliophyta
  • Peter Sell, University of Cambridge, Gina Murrell, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    Flora of Great Britain and Ireland
    Print publication:
    12 April 2018, pp 589-591

  • Summary

    Perennial insectivorous herbs. Leaves all in basal rosettes, reddish and covered with sticky glandular hairs, petiolate, with stipules. Inflorescence a simple cyme on a peduncle from ground level; flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, hypogynous, usually remaining closed. Calyx 5- to 8-lobed. Petals 5–8, white. Stamens 5–8. Styles 2–6, often deeply divided above and free or fused below; stigmas linear. Ovary 1-celled, with many ovules. Fruit a capsule.

    Contains 4 genera found throughout the world but concentrated in Australia and New Zealand.

    Sundews entrap insects, which are caught on the sticky glandular hairs of the outer edge of the leaves. The leaf then coils over the insect and uses the shorter glandular hairs on the centre of the leaf to digest it.

    Drosera L.

    As family.

    Contains about 100 species in acid, sandy, stony and boggy places.

Page 40 of 599