Samples of amorphous Se, SSe40, SSe30, and SSe20 were synthesized and were then crystallized by annealing at 373 K for 5, 20, and 120 mins. The results showed that the changes in the structural and microstructural parameters for samples SSe40, and SSe30 are different from those of sample SSe20. These discrepancies are being discussed in terms of the peak shifts in both the amorphous and crystalline state, the percentage of sulfur compositional variations, and finally in terms of the probable site occupancy of the sulfur atoms in the selenium structure.

In an effort to better understand the structural changes occurring during hydrogen loading of erbium target materials, we have performed in situ D2 loading of erbium metal (powder) at temperature (450°C) with simultaneous neutron diffraction analysis. This experiment tracked the conversion of Er metal to the α erbium deuteride (solid-solution) phase and then into the β (fluorite) phase. Complete conversion to ErD2.0 was accomplished at 10 Torr D2 pressure with deuterium fully occupying the tetrahedral sites in the fluorite lattice.

Multilayer optics is one of the widely applied optics for conditioning an X-ray beam in the region of X-ray diffraction. Multilayer optics offers a well-balanced performance. The beam conditioned by a multilayer optic is characterized by low divergence, good spectrum purity, and high intensity. This article will start with a short historical note of the development of X-ray multilayer and a summary on the basic performance characteristics of X-ray multilayer, then move on to the discussion on the design principle of one- and two-dimensional optics. Both parallel beam optics and focusing optics will be addressed. As examples, selected applications of multilayer optics are also briefly discussed. Finally, the main problems associated with the application of multilayer optics are identified and the future developments are discussed.

X-ray powder diffraction data for In3.85Zr2.80Sn0.35O12 are reported. The powders were prepared using a wet-chemical precipitation method. The XRD data could be fitted with a rhombohedral unit cell in space group R3 (No. 148). The Rietveld refined unit cell parameters are a=0.951 49(2) nm and c=0.889 51(2)nm in a hexagonal setting with Z=3 and Dx=6.69(1)g/cm3.

Methods of chemical preparation and XRD data are reported for a new triphosphate CuNa3P3O10 and two cyclotriphosphates SrRbP3O9·3H2O and SrRbP3O9. SrRbP3O9·3H2O was prepared by the method of ion-exchange resin, while CuNa3P3O10 and SrRbP3O9 were obtained by total dehydration of CuNa3P3O10·12H2O and SrRbP3O9·3H2O, respectively. CuNa3P3O10 crystallizes in the hexagonal system, with space group P-31c, Z=2, and the following unit-cell dimensions: a=b=7.022(1) Å, c=9.217(1) Å, M(20)=81, F(20)=117(0.003 419, 50), and V=393.24(2) Å3. SrRbP3O9·3H2O is orthorhombic, with Z=4, space group Pnma, and the following unit-cell dimensions: a=9.120(1) Å, b=8.141(1) Å, c=15.234(1) Å, M(20)=5.1, F(20)=5.8(0.0173,199), and V=1131.1(3) Å3. SrRbP3O9 is monoclinic, with space group P21/m or P21, Z=4, and the following unit-cell dimensions: a=14.958(3) Å, b=8.503(2) Å, c=7.898(2) Å, β=122.19(2)°, M(20)=9.9, F(20)=16.5(0.0189, 64), and V=850.2(8) Å3.

X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters and space group for the β-form of pigment yellow 181, C25H21N7O5, are reported [a = 22.556(6) Å, b = 4.9684(9) Å, c = 21.318(6) Å, β = 109.492(4)°, unit-cell volume V = 2252,1 Å3, Z = 4, space group P21/c]. All measured lines were indexed and are consistent with the P21/c space group. No detectable impurities were observed.

The X-ray diffraction patterns of two organic acids 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid dihydrate and 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid hydrate were measured at room temperature. Complexes of these acids with 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (DMAN) were synthesized, purified and investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction. 1-Naphthalenesulfonic acid dihydrate as well as its complex with 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene crystallize in the monoclinic system with unit cell parameters refined to a=0.91531(8) nm, b=0.7919(1) nm, c=0.8184(1) nm, β=101.618(9)° space group P21/m (11) and a=1.7781(4) nm, b=2.0122(4) nm, c=1.2337(2) nm, β=96.54(3)°, space group C2/m (12), respectively. 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid hydrate crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with a=2.2749(3) nm, b=0.7745(1) nm, c=0.591 36(9) nm, space group Pnma, whereas its complex with 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene crystallizes in the triclinic system a=1.3969(6) nm, b=1.4292(5) nm, c=1.1741(6) nm, α=90.93(3)°, β=98.14(3)°, γ=113.93(3)°, space group P-1 (2).

X-ray powder diffraction data, high resolution electron microscopy observation and refined unit cell parameters for δ-Al2O3 prepared from γ-Al2O3 are reported here. The new lattice parameters were a=7.9631(7) and c=23.3975(23) Å with space group P41212 (No. 92). The new data provide evidence for the simple tripling of the unit cell of the starting γ-Al2O3 spinel.

Results on using X-ray optics with a monocapillary attached to a microfocus Mo X-ray tube for a high-intensity XRF analysis are reported. Au-coated glass monocapillaries with 400 and 700 μm inner diameters were used to obtain focused and intensive incident Mo X-rays for the measurements of XRF intensities from pure metal samples. Intensity enhancements obtained by using the Au-coated monocapillaries were found to be up to 1.5 times higher than those obtained by using similar inner diameter uncoated glass capillaries. The XRF intensity profiles were measured by the wire scanning method to investigate the reasons. The traces of the incident X-rays were calculated by taking into account of X-ray total reflection of the incident X-rays from the inner wall of the capillaries. The calculated XRF intensity profiles agree with those of the measured XRF intensity profiles. The observed enhancements in XRF intensity were the results of the incident X-rays emitted from the Mo X-ray tube being totally reflected on the inner wall of the Au-coated monocapillaries.

Polycapillary optics are utilized in a wide variety of applications and are integral components in many state of the art instruments. Polycapillary optics operate by collecting X-rays and efficiently propagating them by total external reflection to form focused and parallel beams. We discuss the general parameters for designing these optics and provide specific examples on balancing the interrelations of beam flux, source size, focal spot-size, and beam divergence. The development of compact X-ray sources with characteristics tailored to match the requirements of polycapillary optics allows substantial reduction in size, weight, and power of complete X-ray systems. These compact systems have enabled the development of portable, remote, and in-line sensors for applications in industry, science and medicine. We present examples of the utility and potential of these optics for enhancing a wide variety of X-ray analyses.

A new variety of ammonium lanthanum sulfate, β-(NH4)La(SO4)2, was synthesized hydrothermally. The crystal structure was solved ab initio from powder diffraction data collected using a conventional X-ray source. The powder diffraction pattern was indexed by the successive dichotomy method: The symmetry is monoclinic, space group Pn, cell dimensions a=6.9365(4) Å, b=9.0055(5) Å, c=5.4541(4) Å, β=90.672(8)°, V=340.68(3) Å3 and Z=2 [M20=65, F30=124(0.0071,34)]. Direct methods were used for structure solution, and refinement of the atomic coordinates was carried out by the Rietveld method (RF=0.061, Rwp=0.099). The structure contains anionic layers built from lanthanum atoms ninefold coordinated to monodentate and bidentate sulfate oxygen atoms. Ammonium groups, which provide hydrogen bonds, are located between the layers. The crystal structure contrasts with that of the α phase, which is less dense by a factor of 4.4%.

Powder X-ray diffraction data for methionine sulfoxide, C5H11NO3S, obtained from the commercial amino acid, are presented in this work. Monoclinic cell parameters are: a=15.500 Å; b=3.820 Å; c=13.490 Å; β=97.300 °.

The anhydrous acid strontium oxalate Sr(HC2O4)⋅½(C2O4) was obtained by thermal decomposition of the hydrated acid strontium oxalate Sr(HC2O4)⋅½(C2O4)⋅H2O. This non-hygroscopic compound crystallizes in the space group P 21/c (No. 14) with unit cell parameters: a=0.796 61(7) nm, b=0.9205(1) nm, c=0.731 98(8) nm, and β=102.104(8)°. Final refinement of the X-ray powder data yielded RB=3.2% and Rwp=11.1% (background-corrected data). In this structure, Sr is eight-fold coordinated by O. These polyhedra are connected together by edge-sharing to form two-dimensional (2D) layers along the bc-plane, which means that there is an increased dimensionality from 1D to 2D with decreasing water content of the acid oxalates.

The subsolidus phase relations of the Dy-Fe-Al system have been investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction. There are 5 ternary compounds, 10 binary compounds, and 21 three-phase regions in this system. The solid-solution regions of Dy(Fe1−xAlx)2, DyFe3−xAlx, Dy2(Fe1−xAlx)17, and DyFe12−xAlx have been determined based on the dependence of their unit-cell parameters on the Al content.

X-ray powder diffraction data for a new phase of dicalcium silicate, x-Ca2SiO4, are reported. The sample was prepared by the dehydration of hydrothermally synthesized α-type dicalcium silicate hydrate, Ca2(SiO4H)OH, at a temperature of 800 °C. Crystallographic data were Ca2SiO4, monoclinic, P21/c (No. 14), a=8.2127(5), b=9.7930(4), c=9.7954(5) Å, β=94.848(5)°, V=785.00(7) Å3, Z=8, and Dx=2.91 g·cm−3.

The structure of the new Y0.8Ca0.2Ba1.8La0.2Cu3Oy (YBLCO) compound was obtained at 298 K from X-ray powder diffraction data and refined by the Rietveld technique. YBLCO has a structure isotypical with YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) at room temperature. The crystal data are: Y0.81Ca0.19Ba1.8La0.2Cu3O7.08, Mw=657.69, orthorhombic system, space group Pmmm, a=3.8731(1) Å, b=3.8249(1) Å, c=11.6602(3) Å, V=172.740(13) Å3, Z=1, dx=6.325 g/cm3; the structure was refined with 37 parameters to Rwp=7.66%, Rp=5.86%, and Rexp=5.11% for 2001 data points. Moreover, the proportions of Ca and La were refined to be 0.19 and 0.2, in agreement with the stoichiometric proportion of 0.2.