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8126 results in Fluid dynamics and solid mechanics

Page 205 of 407

Applied Solid Mechanics
  • Peter Howell, Gregory Kozyreff, John Ockendon
  • Published online:
    02 February 2010
    Print publication:
    11 December 2008
  • The world around us, natural or man-made, is built and held together by solid materials. Understanding their behaviour is the task of solid mechanics, which is in turn applied to many areas, from earthquake mechanics to industry, construction to biomechanics. The variety of materials (metals, rocks, glasses, sand, flesh and bone) and their properties (porosity, viscosity, elasticity, plasticity) is reflected by the concepts and techniques needed to understand them: a rich mixture of mathematics, physics and experiment. These are all combined in this unique book, based on years of experience in research and teaching. Starting from the simplest situations, models of increasing sophistication are derived and applied. The emphasis is on problem-solving and building intuition, rather than a technical presentation of theory. The text is complemented by over 100 carefully-chosen exercises, making this an ideal companion for students taking advanced courses, or those undertaking research in this or related disciplines.

Theory of Shell Structures
  • C. R. Calladine
  • Published online:
    02 February 2010
    Print publication:
    05 May 1983
  • Shell structures form key components in a very wide range of engineering enterprise. The theory of shell structures is an old and large subject, with a huge literature. However, this book is not a compilation of results from the past. Instead, it is an attempt to bring the essence of the subject within the grasp of engineers. It tackles the fundamental question of how bending and stretching effects combine and interact in shell structures from a physical point of view; and it shows that this approach leads to an understanding of the structural mechanics of shells in general, and to useful results in particular problems. The first half of the book is concerned mainly with the basic ideas and equations of equilibrium, geometry and elasticity, and their combination in various useful ways. In particular, it includes a simple treatment of the geometry of general curved surfaces. The second half of the book first investigates the behaviour of various practical shell structures under static loading. Then there are chapters on the buckling of shells, on vibration, and on the application of plastic theory to analysis and design.

Fluid Dynamics with a Computational Perspective
  • Paul A. Durbin, Gorazd Medic
  • Published online:
    28 January 2010
    Print publication:
    17 September 2007
  • Modern fluid dynamics is a combination of traditional methods of theory and analysis and newer methods of computation and numerical simulation. Fluid Dynamics with a Computational Perspective synthesizes traditional theory and modern computation. It is neither a book on methods of computation, nor a book on analysis; it is about fluid dynamics. The book is ideal for a course on fluid dynamics. Early chapters review the laws of fluid mechanics and survey computational methodology, following chapters study flows in which the Reynolds number increases from creeping flow to turbulence, followed by a thorough discussion of compressible flow and interfaces. Whereas all significant equations and their solutions are presented, their derivations are informal. References for detailed derivations are provided. A chapter on intermediate Reynolds number flows provides illustrative case studies by pure computation. Elsewhere, computations and theory are interwoven.

A Gallery of Fluid Motion
  • M. Samimy, K. S. Breuer, L. G. Leal, P. H. Steen
  • Published online:
    25 January 2010
    Print publication:
    12 January 2004
  • Images of fluids in motion have served both scientific and artistic purposes at least since the time of Leonardo de Vinci over 500 years ago. The visualization of fluid flow has played a major role in the development of fluid dynamics and its technological and scientific applications, from the evolution of flight to the tracking of weather to understanding the flow of blood. Today, the Division of Fluid Dynamics of the American Physical Society annually sponsors a competition for outstanding images of fluid flow, judged by their artistic beauty and novelty and their contribution to the better understanding of fluid dynamics. This Gallery is a selection of the images that have won the competition over the last seventeen years. Each image is accompanied by some explanatory text, aimed at making the collection an attractive and essential work for everyone interested in the art and science of fluid flow.

Dynamics and Modelling of Ocean Waves
  • G. J. Komen, L. Cavaleri, M. Donelan, K. Hasselmann, S. Hasselmann, P. A. E. M. Janssen
  • Published online:
    22 January 2010
    Print publication:
    15 September 1994
  • Addresses both fundamental and applied aspects of ocean waves including the use of wave observations made from satellites. More specifically it describes the WAM model, its scientific basis, its actual implementation, and its many applications. This model has been developed by an international group (the Wave Modelling group), and is based on a detailed physical description of air/sea interactions. It is widely used for wave forecasting for meteorological and oceanographic purposes. The three sections of the volume describe the basic statistical theory and the relevant physical processes; the numerical model and its global and regional applications; and satellite observations, their interpretation and use in data assimilation. Written by leading experts, it is a comprehensive guide and reference for researchers and advanced students in physical oceanography, meteorology, fluid dynamics, coastal engineering and physics.

Theory of Solidification
  • Stephen H. Davis
  • Published online:
    20 January 2010
    Print publication:
    08 October 2001
  • The processes of freezing and melting were present at the beginnings of the Earth and continue to dominate the natural and industrial worlds. The solidification of a liquid or the melting of a solid involves a complex interplay of many physical effects. This 2001 book presents in a systematic way the field of continuum solidification theory based on instability phenomena. An understanding of the physics is developed by using examples of increasing complexity with the object of creating a deep physical insight applicable to more complex problems. Applied mathematicians, engineers, physicists, and materials scientists will all find this volume of interest.

Introduction to Circulating Atmospheres
  • I. N. James
  • Published online:
    14 January 2010
    Print publication:
    03 March 1994
  • This book gives an account of the modern view of the global circulation of the atmosphere. It brings the observed nature of the circulation together with theories and simple models of the mechanisms which drive it. Early chapters concentrate on the classical view of the global circulation, on the processes which generate atmospheric motions and on the dynamical constraints which modify them. Later chapters develop more recent themes including low frequency variability and the circulations of other planetary atmospheres. The book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers who wish for an introduction to the subject before engaging with the original scientific literature. The book is copiously illustrated, and includes many results of diagnostic and modelling studies. Each chapter includes a set of problems and bibliographical notes.

Internal Flow
  • Concepts and Applications
  • E. M. Greitzer, C. S. Tan, M. B. Graf
  • Published online:
    14 January 2010
    Print publication:
    29 April 2004
  • This book describes the analysis and behaviour of internal flows encountered in propulsion systems, fluid machinery (compressors, turbines and pumps) and ducts (diffusers, nozzles and combustion chambers). The focus is on phenomena that are important in setting the performance of a broad range of fluid devices. The authors show that even for complex processes one can learn a great deal about the behaviour of such devices from a clear understanding and rigorous use of basic principles. Throughout the book they illustrate theoretical principles by reference to technological applications. The strong emphasis on fundamentals, however, means that the ideas presented can be applied beyond internal flow to other types of fluid motion. The book equips students and practising engineers with a range of new analytical tools. These tools offer enhanced interpretation and application of both experimental measurements and the computational procedures that characterize modern fluids engineering.

Incompressible Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • Trends and Advances
  • Edited by Max D. Gunzburger, Roy A. Nicolaides
  • Published online:
    12 January 2010
    Print publication:
    28 May 1993
  • Incompressible computational fluid dynamics is an emerging and important discipline, with numerous applications in industry and science. Its methods employ rigourous mathematical analysis far beyond what is presently possible for compressible flows. Vortex methods, finite elements, and spectral methods are emphasised. Contributions from leading experts in the various sub-fields portray the wide-ranging nature of the subject. The book provides an entrée into the current research in the field. It can also serve as a source book for researchers and others who require information on methods and techniques.

Two-Phase Flow, Boiling, and Condensation
  • In Conventional and Miniature Systems
  • S. Mostafa Ghiaasiaan
  • Published online:
    09 January 2010
    Print publication:
    22 October 2007
  • This text is an introduction to gas-liquid two-phase flow, boiling and condensation for graduate students, professionals, and researchers in mechanical, nuclear, and chemical engineering. The book provides a balanced coverage of two-phase flow and phase change fundamentals, well-established art and science dealing with conventional systems, and the rapidly developing areas of microchannel flow and heat transfer. It is based on the author's more than 15 years of teaching experience. Instructors teaching multiphase flow have had to rely on a multitude of books and reference materials. This book remedies that problem by covering all the topics essential for a graduate course. Important areas include: two-phase flow model conservation equations and their numerical solution; condensation with and without noncondensables; and two-phase flow, boiling, and condensation in mini and microchannels.

Implicit Large Eddy Simulation
  • Computing Turbulent Fluid Dynamics
  • Edited by Fernando F. Grinstein, Len G. Margolin, William J. Rider
  • Published online:
    08 January 2010
    Print publication:
    30 July 2007
  • The numerical simulation of turbulent flows is a subject of great practical importance to scientists and engineers. The difficulty in achieving predictive simulations is perhaps best illustrated by the wide range of approaches that have been developed and are still being used by the turbulence modeling community. In this book the authors describe one of these approaches, Implicit Large Eddy Simulation (ILES). ILES is a relatively new approach that combines generality and computational efficiency with documented success in many areas of complex fluid flow. This book synthesizes the theoretical basis of the ILES methodology and reviews its accomplishments. ILES pioneers and lead researchers combine here their experience to present a comprehensive description of the methodology. This book should be of fundamental interest to graduate students, basic research scientists, as well as professionals involved in the design and analysis of complex turbulent flows.

Inverse Methods in Physical Oceanography
  • Andrew F. Bennett
  • Published online:
    08 January 2010
    Print publication:
    31 July 1992
  • Observations of ocean circulation have increased as a result of international field programmes and of remote sensing systems on artificial earth satellites. Oceanographers are increasingly turning to inverse methods for combining these observations with numerical models of ocean circulation. Professor Bennett's work explores the potential for inverse theory, emphasizing possibilities rather than expedient or rudimentary applications. In addition to interpolating the data and adding realism to the model solutions, the methods can yield estimates for unobserved flow variables, forcing fields, and model parameters. Inverse formulations can resolve ill-posed modelling problems, lead to design criteria for oceanic observing systems, and enable the testing of models as scientific hypothesis. Exercises of varying difficulty rehearse technical skills and supplement the central theoretical development. Thus this book will be invaluable for environmental scientists and engineers, advanced undergraduates in applied mathematics, and graduate students in physical oceanography.

Impact Mechanics
  • W. J. Stronge
  • Published online:
    08 January 2010
    Print publication:
    29 May 2000
  • Impact mechanics is concerned with the reaction forces that develop during a collision and the dynamic response of structures to these reaction forces. The subject has a wide range of engineering applications, from designing sports equipment to improving the crashworthiness of automobiles. This book develops several different methodologies for analysing collisions between structures. These range from rigid body theory for structures that are stiff and compact, to vibration and wave analyses for flexible structures. The emphasis is on low-speed impact where damage is local to the small region of contact between the colliding bodies. The analytical methods presented give results that are more robust or less sensitive to initial conditions than have been achieved hitherto. As a text, Impact Mechanics builds upon foundation courses in dynamics and strength of materials. It includes numerous industrially relevant examples and end-of-chapter homework problems drawn from industry and sports. Practising engineers will also find the methods presented in this book useful in calculating the response of a mechanical system to impact.

The Nonlinear Theory of Elastic Shells
  • 2nd edition
  • A. Libai, J. G. Simmonds
  • Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    13 February 1998
  • Elastic shells are pervasive in everyday life. Examples of these thin-walled structures range from automobile hoods to basketballs, veins, arteries and soft drink cans. This book explains shell theory, with numerous examples and applications. As a second edition, it not only brings all the material of the first edition entirely up to date, it also adds two entirely new chapters on general shell theory and general membrane theory. Aerospace, mechanical and civil engineers, as well as applied mathematicians, will find this book a clearly written and thorough information source on shell theory.

Turbulent Combustion
  • Norbert Peters
  • Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    15 August 2000
  • The combustion of fossil fuels remains a key technology for the foreseeable future. It is therefore important that we understand the mechanisms of combustion and, in particular, the role of turbulence within this process. Combustion always takes place within a turbulent flow field for two reasons: turbulence increases the mixing process and enhances combustion, but at the same time combustion releases heat which generates flow instability through buoyancy, thus enhancing the transition to turbulence. The four chapters of this book present a thorough introduction to the field of turbulent combustion. After an overview of modeling approaches, the three remaining chapters consider the three distinct cases of premixed, non-premixed, and partially premixed combustion, respectively. This book will be of value to researchers and students of engineering and applied mathematics by demonstrating the current theories of turbulent combustion within a unified presentation of the field.

Statistical Thermodynamics and Microscale Thermophysics
  • Van P. Carey
  • Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    13 August 1999
  • Many of the exciting new developments in microscale engineering are based on the application of traditional principles of statistical thermodynamics. This book offers a modern view of thermodynamics, interweaving classical and statistical thermodynamic principles and applying them to current engineering systems. It begins with coverage of microscale energy storage mechanisms from a quantum mechanics perspective and develops the fundamentals of classical and statistical thermodynamics. Next, applications of equilibrium statistical thermodynamics to solid, liquid, and gas phase systems are discussed. The remainder of the book discusses nonequilibrium thermodynamics of transport phenomena and introduces nonequilibrium effects and noncontinuum behaviour at the microscale. Although the text emphasizes mathematical development, it includes many examples and exercises illustrating how the theoretical concepts are applied to systems of scientific and engineering interest. It offers a fresh view of statistical thermodynamics for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as practitioners in mechanical, chemical, and materials engineering.

Dynamical Systems Approach to Turbulence
  • Tomas Bohr, Mogens H. Jensen, Giovanni Paladin, Angelo Vulpiani
  • Published online:
    23 December 2009
    Print publication:
    13 August 1998
  • This book, first published in 1998, treats turbulence from the point of view of dynamical systems. The exposition centres around a number of important simplified models for turbulent behaviour in systems ranging from fluid motion (classical turbulence) to chemical reactions and interfaces in disordered systems.The modern theory of fractals and multifractals now plays a major role in turbulence research, and turbulent states are being studied as important dynamical states of matter occurring also in systems outside the realm of hydrodynamics, i.e. chemical reactions or front propagation. The presentation relies heavily on simplified models of turbulent behaviour, notably shell models, coupled map lattices, amplitude equations and interface models, and the focus is primarily on fundamental concepts such as the differences between large and small systems, the nature of correlations and the origin of fractals and of scaling behaviour. This book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers interested in turbulence, from physics and applied mathematics backgrounds.

Flow Control
  • Passive, Active, and Reactive Flow Management
  • Mohamed Gad-el-Hak
  • Published online:
    23 December 2009
    Print publication:
    15 August 2000
  • The ability to actively or passively manipulate a flow field to bring about a desired change is of immense technological importance. The potential benefits of improving flow control systems range from saving billions of dollars in fuel costs for land, air and sea vehicles to achieving more economically competitive and environmentally sound industrial processes involving fluid flows. This book provides a thorough treatment of the basics of flow control and control practices that can be used to produce desired effects. Among topics covered are transition delay, separation prevention, drag reduction, lift augmentation, turbulence suppression, noise abatement, and heat and mass transfer enhancement. The final chapter explores the frontiers of flow control strategies, especially as applied to turbulent flows. Intended for engineering and physics students, researchers and practitioners, Flow Control brings together in a single source a wealth of information on practices and developments in this very active field.

Finite Element Methods in Mechanics
  • Noboru Kikuchi
  • Published online:
    17 December 2009
    Print publication:
    30 April 1986
  • This is a textbook written for mechanical engineering students at first-year graduate level. As such, it emphasizes the development of finite element methods used in applied mechanics. The book starts with fundamental formulations of heat conduction and linear elasticity and derives the weak form (i.e. the principle of virtual work in elasticity) from a boundary value problem that represents the mechanical behaviour of solids and fluids. Finite element approximations are then derived from this weak form. The book contains many useful exercises and the author appropriately provides the student with computer programs in both BASIC and FORTRAN for solving them. Furthermore, a workbook is available with additional computer listings, and also an accompanying disc that contains the BASIC programs for use on IBM-PC microcomputers and their compatibles. Thus the usefulness and versatility of this text is enhanced by the student's ability to practise problem solving on accessible microcomputers.

Page 205 of 407