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17877 results in Philosophy: general interest

Page 2 of 894

Wittgenstein and Skepticism

Wittgenstein and Skepticism
  • Andrea Kern
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    June 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • This Element is about Wittgenstein's engagement with skepticism. Two forms of skepticism will be at the center of this Element: skepticism concerning our knowledge of the 'external world,' and skepticism concerning our knowledge of 'other minds.' It will be shown that Wittgenstein is neither a skeptic nor an anti-skeptic. Rather, Wittgenstein thinks of the skeptic's doubt as a form of denial: a denial of knowledge that one cannot but have. The aim of this Element is to bring out what it means to think of the skeptic's doubt in a Wittgensteinian way, that is, as a doubt that manifests a denial of knowledge that one cannot but have, rather than a philosophical position about the possibility of knowledge that is either true or false and hence an object either of justification or refutation. Wittgenstein's relation to skepticism is therefore unique and highly original.

Nietzsche on Fate
  • Robin Small
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    June 2026
    Print publication:
    30 June 2026
  • This Element explores Nietzsche's thinking about fate. As a doctrine, fatalism asserts that whatever happens does so necessarily. 'Fate', however, implies an overall pattern for every individual life which imposes its own necessity on the events of that life, although with some contribution from chance. Nietzsche's ideas on fate were influenced by other thinkers, notably Emerson and the ancient Stoics, whom he treats with both sympathy and exasperation. After discussing this context, the Element turns to two of Nietzsche's key themes: amor fati and 'becoming what you are'. In a striking way, each of these 'formulae' presents two contrasted elements standing in a close but tense relationship. Behind them is a conflict between the givenness of fate and our capacity to live our lives in our own way. At the same time, each promises an answer to the question: how are we to live with fate?

Why Read Beauvoir Today?
  • Cristina Chimisso
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    June 2026
    Print publication:
    02 July 2026
  • Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986) made important contributions to ethics, social philosophy, and the philosophy of the body, and was also a prize-winning novelist. Her book The Second Sex (1949) made a huge impact as part of the second wave of feminist thought. This accessible study examines Beauvoir's philosophy across all her works, including not only The Second Sex, The Ethics of Ambiguity and her essays, but also her novels, autobiography, travel diaries and memoirs. Her key ideas are analysed, including freedom and self-creation -- with special attention to their constraints and limitations – solidarity, and the role of other people in a person's existence. Her views of women's lived experience, motherhood, the body, illness, and death are related to our own time, with examples from current affairs, literature, cinema, and social media. The result is a fresh perspective on Beauvoir's philosophy and its enduring power to illuminate existential and social realities.
Innateness in Mind

Innateness in Mind
  • Peter Carruthers
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    June 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • This Element focuses on contemporary forms of nativism (belief in innateness), which mostly concern the existence of domain-specific learning mechanisms with innate structure and content. After sketching some innate capacities that are widely believed to be shared with other animals, the Element thereafter discusses a number of (alleged) distinctively-human ones. One concerns a faculty of language, another our capacity for representing the mental states of others (and derivatively, ourselves). It then turns to discuss some proposed innate adaptations that support culture. These include a number of learning biases, as well as affective learning mechanisms that enable swift acquisition of cultural values. The final two sections then discuss 'tribal psychology.' This may include an innate disposition to stereotype social groups as well as innate 'tribal' motivations (both positive and negative). The over-arching thesis of the Element is that human nature might best be thought of as culture-enabling nature.

  • 8 - A Secular–Humanist Worldview

  • Mikael Stenmark, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Contemporary Worldviews
    Published online:
    14 May 2026
    Print publication:
    04 June 2026, pp 189-222

  • Summary

    This chapter explores the worldview of individuals who reject religion but, rather than placing their faith in science (scientism), put it in humanity, embracing the humanities and culture, and affirming that human beings are persons born free and equal in dignity and rights.

  • 10 - Choosing a Worldview

  • Mikael Stenmark, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Contemporary Worldviews
    Published online:
    14 May 2026
    Print publication:
    04 June 2026, pp 252-264

  • Summary

    The final chapter summarizes, offers concluding remarks, and suggests some challenges that worldview studies will face in the future. It also suggests how we, as reflective individuals, can develop an intellectually and existentially satisfying worldview.

  • 5 - A Spiritual Worldview

  • Mikael Stenmark, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Contemporary Worldviews
    Published online:
    14 May 2026
    Print publication:
    04 June 2026, pp 103-134

  • Summary

    This chapter examines the core convictions of the New Spirituality, the worldview of individuals often referred to as “spiritual but not religious” (SBNR). The SBNR would maintain they are nonreligious, although they tend to believe in the divine or our inner divinity and that we have an inborn capacity to know the divine or the deeper spiritual realities of the cosmos.

  • 4 - A Buddhist Worldview

  • Mikael Stenmark, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Contemporary Worldviews
    Published online:
    14 May 2026
    Print publication:
    04 June 2026, pp 78-102

  • Summary

    This chapter presents an examination of central commitments found in some Buddhist traditions. The aim is to identify a Buddhist worldview that differs from the others considered in this study and thus constitutes a genuine alternative to them.

  • 6 - A Religious–Naturalist Worldview

  • Mikael Stenmark, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Contemporary Worldviews
    Published online:
    14 May 2026
    Print publication:
    04 June 2026, pp 135-156

  • Summary

    This chapter explores those who reject theism and all forms of supernaturalism, yet also reject secular worldviews. What characterizes religious naturalists is that they find religious meaning, values, and importance solely in nature, believing that nature is sacred.

  • 1 - Introduction

  • Mikael Stenmark, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Contemporary Worldviews
    Published online:
    14 May 2026
    Print publication:
    04 June 2026, pp 1-16

  • Summary

    The introductory chapter explains the importance of worldview studies and their emergence in contemporary society. It outlines the book’s aim to explore some basic religious and secular outlooks on life, presenting them as distinct yet coherent rival worldviews.

  • 9 - A Transhumanist Worldview

  • Mikael Stenmark, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Contemporary Worldviews
    Published online:
    14 May 2026
    Print publication:
    04 June 2026, pp 223-251

  • Summary

    This chapter focuses on the perhaps most recently developed worldview examined in the book, transhumanism. The transhumanist core conviction is that, by utilizing biotechnology and AI, we should radically change, improve, or refine humanity, even to the extent of creating a new species, the posthuman.

  • 3 - A Theistic Worldview

  • Mikael Stenmark, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Contemporary Worldviews
    Published online:
    14 May 2026
    Print publication:
    04 June 2026, pp 47-77

  • Summary

    This chapter examines some core commitments of the monotheistic worldview that has dominated the Western sphere and spread to all corners of the Earth over the past 1,000 years. It also addresses the differences between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, while commenting on what sets apart the form of theism found in some Hindu traditions.

  • 7 - A Scientistic Worldview

  • Mikael Stenmark, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Contemporary Worldviews
    Published online:
    14 May 2026
    Print publication:
    04 June 2026, pp 157-188

  • Summary

    This chapter examines scientism. Its advocates maintain that there is nothing outside the domain of science, nor is there any area of human life to which science cannot successfully be applied. A scientific account of anything and everything constitutes the full story of the universe and its inhabitants.

Belief, No-Fault Unbelief and Medieval Christian Thought

Belief, No-Fault Unbelief and Medieval Christian Thought
  • Roberto Di Ceglie
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    May 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • Traditionally, Christians have viewed unbelief as resulting from moral and/or cognitive shortcomings. However, a recent proposal such as John Schellenberg's 'divine hiddenness argument' for atheism has supported the idea that there is no-fault unbelief. In this Element, the author draws on important insights from medieval Christian thought to argue that both believers and non-believers should stop blaming each other based on mere evidence. Believers may recognise that no-fault unbelief can, in a sense, apply to them, too. They may find it perplexing that they neither believe nor achieve communion with God as much as they would like. Proponents of no-fault unbelief might focus on achieving communion with God rather than solely worrying about absolving themselves of blame. Ultimately, believers and non-believers alike might promote spiritual progress by setting aside the primacy of evidence and committing themselves to God and the good.

Page 2 of 894