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4305 results in General and Classical Physics

Page 15 of 216

  • Appendices

  • Richard C. Fernow, Formerly Brookhaven National Laboratory
  • Book:
    Principles of Magnetostatics
    Published online:
    04 November 2022
    Print publication:
    09 February 2023, pp 274-296
    • Chapter
      • You have access
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Principles of Magnetostatics
  • Richard C. Fernow
  • Published online:
    04 November 2022
    Print publication:
    09 February 2023
  • Magnetostatics, the mathematical theory that describes the forces and fields resulting from the steady flow of electrical currents, has a long history. By capturing the basic concepts, and building towards the computation of magnetic fields, this book is a self-contained discussion of the major subjects in magnetostatics. Overviews of Maxwell's equations, the Poisson equation, and boundary value problems pave the way for dealing with fields from transverse, axial and periodic magnetic arrangements and assemblies of permanent magnets. Examples from accelerator and beam physics give up-to-date context to the theory. Both complex contour integration and numerical techniques for calculating magnetic fields are discussed in detail with plentiful examples. Theoretical and practical information on carefully selected topics make this a one-stop reference for magnet designers, as well as for physics and electrical engineering undergraduate students. This title, first published in 2016, has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.

  • 13 - Particle Physics

  • Gary N. Felder, Smith College, Massachusetts, Kenny M. Felder
  • Book:
    Modern Physics
    Published online:
    09 September 2022
    Print publication:
    15 September 2022, pp 596-645

  • Summary

    Following Chadwick’s discovery of the neutron in 1932, it might have seemed that all forms of matter could be explained as different combinations of fewer than 100 elements, and those elements in turn could be explained as different combinations of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Add photons to the list, and you pretty much had the universe summed up. This is the kind of model physicists like: complicated behavior arising from a few simple building blocks.

  • 11 - Solids

  • Gary N. Felder, Smith College, Massachusetts, Kenny M. Felder
  • Book:
    Modern Physics
    Published online:
    09 September 2022
    Print publication:
    15 September 2022, pp 500-555

  • Summary

    You probably learned in school that matter comes in three phases: solid, liquid, and gas. (A fourth phase called “plasma” only tends to occur in extreme environments like the center of the Sun or physics laboratories, so your teachers can be forgiven if they left it out.) Gases can flow and conform their shapes to their containers, and can also compress or expand; liquids can also flow and conform shape, but they cannot compress or expand; solids can’t really flow, conform, compress, or expand.

  • 7 - The Hydrogen Atom

  • Gary N. Felder, Smith College, Massachusetts, Kenny M. Felder
  • Book:
    Modern Physics
    Published online:
    09 September 2022
    Print publication:
    15 September 2022, pp 316-369

  • Summary

    The story of atoms so far, in three parts: 1. 1911: Rutherford describes an atom as being made of small negatively charged electrons orbiting a large positively charged nucleus, all very analogous to planets orbiting the Sun. 2. 1913: Bohr addresses both of those problems by proposing that the angular momentum of an orbiting electron can only take on certain discrete values, and can jump discontinuously between those values. Like Planck’s resolution of the ultraviolet catastrophe and Einstein’s explanation of the photoelectric effect, this fits the data but does not provide any fundamental principles. 3. 1926: Schrödinger publishes his wave equation. Eventually, all the ad hoc hypotheses of the old quantum theory are seen to be consequences of Schrödinger’s wave mechanics.

  • 9 - Molecules

  • Gary N. Felder, Smith College, Massachusetts, Kenny M. Felder
  • Book:
    Modern Physics
    Published online:
    09 September 2022
    Print publication:
    15 September 2022, pp 397-414

  • Summary

    Chapter 8 talked about atoms in isolation. But most of the atoms around you are joined together, a fact that can dramatically change their physical and chemical properties. In this chapter we explore atoms that are joined together in molecules. Chapter 11 will describe solids, large collections of atoms or molecules bound into a macroscopic size.

  • 8 - Atoms

  • Gary N. Felder, Smith College, Massachusetts, Kenny M. Felder
  • Book:
    Modern Physics
    Published online:
    09 September 2022
    Print publication:
    15 September 2022, pp 370-396

  • Summary

    In 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev presented to the Russian Chemical Society a periodic table and a set of laws that laid the foundation for modern chemistry. He showed that the elements could be placed in an order, corresponding loosely but not perfectly to their atomic weights, and this order could be used to classify and predict their properties. He was even able to predict the existence and properties of elements (such as gallium and germanium) that had not yet been discovered.

Page 15 of 216