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Philosophical problems fundamentally infuse the theory and practice of astronomy. Bringing together fifteen historians, eleven philosophers, and four pioneering scientists, this volume provides a rigorous yet largely accessible examination of the conceptual and methodological challenges that lie at the intersection of philosophy and astronomy – broadly construed to include astrophysics, cosmology, space science, and astrobiology. Drawing largely on interdisciplinary advances from the past two centuries, the book's chapters tackle metaphysical inquiries into the fundamental nature of reality, the limits of reasoning, the problematic nature of observation and inference, the role of technology, and the epistemology of concepts such as space, time, life, and intelligence. Discussions are anchored to fascinating theories and examples from the 'canals' of Mars to exoplanets, black holes, dark matter, and the multiverse. Written primarily for practicing scientists, this volume will also serve historians and philosophers of science, as well as the curious general reader.
Recent observations of the afterglow of the Big Bang, commonly referred to as the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, have greatly advanced our understanding of the early Universe and have helped reinforce the observational foundations of modern cosmology. This volume provides a comprehensive pedagogical overview of all aspects of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation. Topics covered include theory, current observations, instrumentation, statistical analyses and the astrophysics of Galactic and other microwave foregrounds. These latter topics are important as much of the contemporary work in cosmology focuses on perfecting experimental techniques and the mitigating and assessing sources of errors. Bringing together the latest research and scientific developments from the primary literature into one book, this is a go-to resource for graduate students and researchers working in cosmology and astrophysics.
Driven by advances in data science and machine learning, photonics has evolved rapidly in recent years and has transformed into a highly interdisciplinary field, connecting fundamental research with cutting-edge applications. Inspired by recent Nobel Prizes in Physics in 2021 and 2024, Conti highlights the interplay between photonics and spin glasses, a key concept for understanding the link between photon propagation and complex systems. Beginning with a study of black-body radiation, the book then revisits laser theory using techniques from non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Through a step-by-step exploration of important photonic experiments, it bridges foundational concepts and advances in optical computing, with a focus on developing efficient hardware for classical and quantum artificial intelligence. This reveals the profound ties between complexity, photonics, and the future of AI technologies. The book will be a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and more practised researchers.
From genome sequencing to large sky surveys, digital technologies produce massive datasets that promise unprecedented scientific insights. But data, for being good to use and reuse, need people – scientists, technicians, and administrators – as embodied, evaluative, social humans. In this book, anthropologist Götz Hoeppe draws on an ethnography of astronomical research to examine the media and practices that scientists and technicians use to instruct graduate students, make diagrams for data calibration and discovery, organize collaborative work, negotiate the ethics of open access, encode their knowledge in datasets – and do social inquiries along the way. This book offers a reflection on the sociality of data-rich research that will benefit attempts to integrate human and machine learning. It is essential reading for anyone interested in data science, science and technology studies, as well as the anthropology, sociology, history, and philosophy of science. This book is also available Open Access on Cambridge Core.
What is the physics behind getting a spacecraft to the nearest stars? What science can it do when it gets there? How can it send back data over enormous distances? Drawing on established physics, Coryn Bailer-Jones explores the various challenges of getting an uncrewed spacecraft to a nearby star within a human lifetime. In addition to propulsion methods such as nuclear rockets and laser sails, this book examines critical issues such as navigation, communication, and the interstellar medium. Starting from fundamental concepts, readers will learn how a broad spectrum of physics – ranging from relativity to optics, and thermodynamics to astronomy – can be applied to address this demanding problem. Assuming some familiarity with basic physics, this volume is a comprehensive and self-contained introduction to interstellar travel, and an indispensable guide for studying the literature on deep space exploration. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
'Quantum Engineering' covers the theory, design, fabrication and applications of quantum coherent solid-state structures. This updated and expanded second edition provides a self-contained presentation of the theoretical methods and experimental results in both first and second waves of quantum technology innovation. Topics span the quantum theory of electric circuits, theoretical methods of quantum optics in application to solid-state circuits, the quantum theory of noise, decoherence and measurements, Landauer formalism for quantum transport, the physics of weak superconductivity and the physics of two-dimensional electron gas in semiconductor heterostructures. The author introduces microscopic ion- and defect-based qubits, currently among the most successful platforms for quantum computation and quantum sensing. Reflecting the significant progress of quantum hardware, state-of-the-art implementations such as quantum metamaterials and quantum reservoir computing are also added to the discussion. Written for graduate students in physics, this book also serves electronic engineers working in quantum engineering.
Starting from ancient astronomy, this text follows the development of celestial mechanics culminating in applications of the most recent results concerning stability of planetary orbits: Kolmogorov's and Nekhoroshev's theorems. Key topics covered include: a historical introduction from ancient astronomy to Kepler and Newton; Lagrange's perturbation theory; the problem of three bodies, with a discussion of Levi-Civita regularization and of Sundman's theorem; methods of algebraic calculation of perturbation series, including a discussion of non-convergence due to the accumulation of small divisors; and a complete application of Kolmogorov's and Nekhoroshev's theorems. Written in an accessible, self-contained way with few prerequisites, this book can serve as an introductory text for senior undergraduate and graduate students, and for young researchers. Its approach allows students to learn about perturbation methods leading to advanced results.
This volume gathers the contributions of founders, experts and practitioners of supergravity celebrating the 50th anniversary of its birth, discussing the history of the field and its modern applications to high energy physics, mathematics, particle physics and cosmology. Since its discovery in the mid-1970s, fully understanding its symmetries and structures, the physical implications, permitted generalizations and the connections with other theories have been highly nontrivial challenges. Whether supergravity will be proven true by experiments or it remains a mathematical framework, the theory is elegant, intriguing, rich and entertaining. Many agree that it will continue to be an inspiration and theoretical laboratory for quantum gravity, as well as an intellectual achievement that expresses the highest levels of human creativity in our effort to understand the cosmos and its rules. Current and future practitioners, and historians of science, will value both the comprehensive history and future perspectives of the field within.
An impressively comprehensive textbook adopting a phenomenological approach to quantum physics. The chapters cover everything from basic definitions of key concepts to detailed discussions of the underlying theoretical framework, walking students step-by-step through the necessary mathematics and drawing clear connections between the theory and the most important modern research applications including quantum optics, fluids, nanophysics, entanglement, information, and relativity. With this book, students and researchers will have access to hundreds of real-world examples, exercises, and illustrations to support and expand their understanding. Instructors can tailor the content to suit the length and level of their course and will have access to an online solutions manual with fully worked solutions to all 300+ exercises in the book. Other online resources include Python simulations, additional exercises, and detailed appendices.
Fully revised and updated, the new edition of Engineering Dynamics provides a comprehensive, self-contained and accessible treatment of classical dynamics. All chapters have been reworked to enhance student understanding, and new features include a stronger emphasis on computational methods, including rich examples using both Matlab and Python; new capstone computational examples extend student understanding, including modelling the flight of a rocket and the unsteady rolling of a disk. The coverage of Lagrange's equations is improved, spanning simple systems and systems relevant to engineers. It provides students with clear, systematic methods for solving problems in dynamics, demonstrates how to solve equations of motion numerically, and explains all mathematical operators. Including over 150 real-world examples to motivate student learning, over 400 homework problems, and accompanied online by Matlab and Python repositories and supplemental material, the new edition of this classic is ideal for senior undergraduate and graduate students in engineering.
The Bethe Ansatz is a powerful method in the theory of quantum integrable models, essential for determining the energy spectrum of dynamical systems - from spin chains in magnetism to models in high-energy physics. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the Bethe ansatz, from its historical roots to modern developments. First introduced by Hans Bethe in 1931, the method has evolved into a universal framework encompassing algebraic, analytic, thermodynamic, and functional forms. The book explores various Bethe ansatz techniques and their interrelations, covering both coordinate and algebraic versions, with particular attention to nested structures and functional relations involving transfer matrices. Advanced tools such as the separation of variables method are presented in detail. With a wealth of worked examples and precise calculations, this volume serves as an accessible and rigorous reference for graduate students and researchers in mathematical physics and integrable systems.
Classical mechanics provided the conceptual and methodological foundations of neoclassical economics, which has its roots in economic individualism. Since the early twentieth century, statistical mechanics has underpinned a lesser-known approach to economics and finance, one that focuses on aggregates and the interactions between individuals. This has led to the emergence of a new field of research, known as econophysics, which brings to the fore concepts such as emergent properties, power laws, networks, entropy, and multifractality, thereby reshaping economic enquiry.
From social networks to biological systems, networks are a fundamental part of modern life. Network analysis is increasingly popular across the mathematical, physical, life and social sciences, offering insights into a range of phenomena, from developing new drugs based on intracellular interactions, to understanding the influence of social interactions on behaviour patterns. This book provides a toolkit for analyzing random networks, together with theoretical justification of the methods proposed. It combines methods from both probability and statistics, teaching how to build and analyze plausible models for random networks, and how to validate such models, to detect unusual features in the data, and to make predictions. Theoretical results are motivated by applications across a range of fields, and classical data sets are used for illustration throughout the book. This book offers a comprehensive introduction to the field for graduate students and researchers.
Using a welcoming and conversational style, this Student's Guide takes readers on a tour of the laws of thermodynamics, highlighting their importance for a wide range of disciplines. It will be a valuable resource for self-guided learners, students, and instructors working in physics, engineering, chemistry, meteorology, climatology, cosmology, biology, and other scientific fields. The book discusses thermodynamic properties such as temperature, internal energy, and entropy, and develops the laws through primarily observational means without extensive reference to atomic principles. This classical approach allows students to get a handle on thermodynamics as an experimental science and prepares them for more advanced study of statistical mechanics, which is introduced in the final chapter. Detailed practical examples are used to illustrate the theoretical concepts, with a selection of problems included at the end of each chapter to facilitate learning. Solutions to these problems can be found online along with additional supplemental materials.
The optical theory of light-scattering by nonspherical particles is fundamental to remote sensing of the atmosphere and ocean, as well as other areas of computational physics, medical scanning, and electromagnetics. At present, many training programs in light scattering are woefully lacking. This book fills the void in existing research on light-scattering research and training, particularly in the case of large scattering particles, and provides a solid foundation on which future research can be based, including suggestions for directions for further work in the field. With the elucidation of the theoretical basis for light scattering (particularly within the framework of the physical-geometric optics method) and the demonstration of practical applications, this book will be invaluable for training future scientists in the discipline of light scattering, as well as for researchers and professionals using remote sensing techniques to analyse the properties of the atmosphere and oceans, and in the area of biophotonics.
Ordinary chondrites, the most abundant meteorites, constitute about 80% of meteorite falls and are essential to our understanding of cosmochemistry. They provide important information about planetary accretion, the early Solar System, and the geological history of asteroids, including such processes as thermal metamorphism, shock metamorphism, and aqueous alteration. This comprehensive guide begins with meteorite classifications and useful definitions, followed by a discussion of fall phenomena and terrestrial weathering. It provides a detailed overview of the three main ordinary-chondrite groups, which include the most primitive, least-processed meteorites known. Compositional differences among these samples furnish clues to the nature of processes operating in the solar nebula 4.5 billion years ago. These rocks also disclose information on the nature and origin of chondrules, matrix material, and metallic iron-nickel grains. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students and research professionals interested in meteorites and planetary science, as well as amateur meteorite enthusiasts.