The San community in D’Kar and surrounding villages has developed a Community Based Planning Programme focused on a community farm. The San are a population who has a history of marginalization and poverty within Botswana. The farm serves as a community organizer as well as food source and is administered by the San women. The program highlighted in this case study was developed to build leadership systems and capabilities for the women of the village while developing sustainable business opportunities for economic transformation. The tension between addressing issues of sustainability and business development are discussed.

Chapter 8 examines the growth of Islamic identity and political organisation. It starts by discussing different approaches to Islam and the meaning of Islamism. It looks at groups linked to Jamaat-e-Islami, whose ultimate aim is an Islamic state, and how they build support through strong organisation, grassroots community work, prosletysing, and civic engagement. And it also looks at more radical groups – Hizb ut-Tahrir and Al Muhajiroun - who see themselves as a revolutionary vanguard for the restoration of an Islamic state. It argues that the turn to religion, which has happened throughout the Islamic world, is a consequence of the decline of a left alternative. Young Bengalis face alienation, racism, inequality, and no future. Islam offers them brotherhood, certainty and pride. It also argues that, while a very few have gone on jihad, it is dangerous to claim that Islamist ideas lead to extremist violence. However, Islamism has led to conflicts with non-political Muslims (especially concerning alleged war criminals from 1971) and has put difficult peer pressure on college students. It also perpetuates separatism.Finally, the chapter looks at how governments have deliberately promoted faith groups - which has consolidated religious power, encouraged conservative values, and cut across class-based organisation.

Policy-makers’ perceptions of older people’s interest organisations and the degree to which these organisation influence the policy making process are addressed in Chapter 6. It explores policy actors’ interpretations and constructions of older people’s interest organisation and the relationship these constructions have with organisations’ involvement in age-based social policy development.

Chapter 1 introduces the Irish District Court as the lowest yet busiest court in the ordinary courts system, examining the type of crime it deals with and the extent of its criminal jurisdiction in terms of offences and sanctions. It then moves onto to look at the nature of proceedings, how offences are processed and at the characteristics of some of the main participants (notably the prosecution, judge and defendant). Finally, it explores the legal process in terms of legal language and courtroom discourse on the basis that the District Court is a predominantly verbal arena.

Chapter 7 charts how community-based activism led to a pragmatic move into mainstream politics. Initially this meant the Labour Party, which was then dominant locally, was most immigrant friendly, and had also been supportive in the independence struggle. Bengalis subsequently joined all main parties, despite the Liberals’ notoriously racist campaigns in the 1990s, and became a major part of the council establishment. The chapter looks at how resistance to Bengali membership of the Spitalfields Labour Party was overcome by intervention of left-wingers, and how, when the party wouldn’t choose a Bengali to stand as a councillor, one got elected as an independent. It looks at patronage networks, prejudice encountered by political women, continued distrust of the ‘white left’, potential conflicts between representing the Bengali community and representing all constituents, and the demand for a Bengali MP. It ends by looking at the use of multiculturalism as a progressive veneer, and the impact of partnership governance in strengthening ethnic and faith organisations and tying them to council norms.

Chapter 3 looks at the war for Bangladeshi independence and the support given by the Bengalis in London. It chronicles the mass mobilisation and public demonstrations, and examines the roles played by students and by women and by traditional patriarchal links. It looks at organisational structures and conflicts, and it gives a critical account of the Bengalis’ propaganda and fundraising – including their thwarted plans to provide financial aid to the liberation army. It also looks at those who argued against independence. The chapter highlights the different political understandings of the nationalist and socialist parties, and the continued impact of popular-front policies in submerging socialist aims beneath the nationalist struggle.

Loyola University of Chicago is a Jesuit institution of higher education whose main campus is located in a crowded urban setting. The university has organized a satellite campus for both undergraduate and graduate students that focuses on restoration of the environmentally sensitive wetlands that surround the property as well as supporting life off the grid with organic farming practices supporting a healthy food system. This takes place in a context of moral and ethical focus, unusual in most universities. This chapter highlights the challenges of listening to community and establishing relationships as they integrate sustainable practices in an innovative and unconventional curriculum.

Chapter 7 reflects on the key findings of the study. It explores the interaction of political opportunity structures, organisational resources and the cultural framing process which encompasses both the construction of collective identities and the framing of age-based policy and constructs such as ‘older people’ and ‘representation’.

This chapter concerns the relationship between ageing and disability and whether there exists the possibility of a common approach to thinking about policy questions in relation to ageing and disability and their various interfaces. As more people age with disability, the medical model of ageing will come under increasing scrutiny from people demanding a social model of care provision. The chapter explores the implications of a more integrationist approach for older people and their families. Older people with disabilities in Ireland include people with a disability acquired at a younger age and those who acquire a disability later in life. Citizenship and entitlement are equally relevant to people with disability and to older people if only because so many people with disabilities are older. Most people agree that the importance of the person with a disability needs to be emphasised in the provision of health and social care.

On 25 August 2003, An Bord Pleanala gave the go-ahead for the M3 motorway to be built along the Gabhra valley through the Tara landscape. The circumstances and controversy of this decision have since become emblematic of the loss of compass that characterised 'Celtic Tiger' Ireland. This chapter considers some of the circumstances that permitted a motorway to be built through such a historic landscape. A clash between a new era and old values occurred; the M3 symbolised the knife that would cut the leathery umbilicus tethering bold, new, materially rich Ireland to the corpse of old, impoverished, historically enslaved Ireland. The National Museum of Ireland had publicly queried the position adopted by the National Monuments Service (NMS) over Carrickmines Castle. The Carrickmines Castle stood in the way of the part of the South Eastern Route of the M50 motorway in Dublin.

Soil erosion is a major ecological problem in Nigeria in general but particularly in south eastern Nigeria. In addition to being a major issue, the incidence of soil erosion in Nigeria is a long standing problem as it has been a subject for numerous and high level discussions since the beginning of the 20th century. Agricultural practice is one of the suspected causes of soil erosion in the country, yet, concerted efforts are lacking in effectively tackling this menace. One weakness in the process of discovery is linked to the supply of fertilizers. This chapter examines the triple relationship existing among erosion, agricultural practice and access to fertilizers in Nigeria; it equally seeks to analyse the nature of the relationship that should exist among these three phenomena. Finally it calls attention to the role higher education should play in helping t o solve this hydra-headed monster.