Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 July 2016
Let X be an age-dependent branching process with lifetime distribution G and age-dependent generating function π(y,s) = σk = 0 ∞p k (y) s k . We assume that G is right-continuous and G(0+) = G(0) = 0. The base state space S is [0,T) where T = inf{t : G(t) = 1}. Set m(y) = σk = 0 ∞k p k (y) and  Then extinction occurs with probability one iff m ≤ 1. In the case where m > 1, define the Malthusian parameter λ to be the unique (positive) root of
 Then extinction occurs with probability one iff m ≤ 1. In the case where m > 1, define the Malthusian parameter λ to be the unique (positive) root of  and set
 and set on S.
 on S.  is a
 is a  -space-time harmonic function of the process X and the corresponding non-negative martingale
-space-time harmonic function of the process X and the corresponding non-negative martingale  converges w.p.l to a random variable W; furthermore, under a regularity assumption, W is non-trivial iff
 converges w.p.l to a random variable W; furthermore, under a regularity assumption, W is non-trivial iff  where
 where  and
 and  If 0 < a ≤ Φ ≤ β < ∞, for some constants a, β, then
 If 0 < a ≤ Φ ≤ β < ∞, for some constants a, β, then  w.p.l, where Z t  is the number of particles at time t.
 w.p.l, where Z t  is the number of particles at time t.