When addressing the Congress of the Southern Rhodesia Municipal Association at the Victoria Falls in May 1944, Sir Evelyn Baring, then Governor of Southern Rhodesia, expressed the view that the historian of the future, when he came to write the story of Southern Rhodesia during the present period, would conclude his survey by remarking that the problem of the urban Native was one of the most vital of those which faced the colony during the 1940's, and that-steps taken then to meet it had a profound effect on future years.

This article is an attempt to assess the importance of certain aspects of this problem and indicate directions in which thought, planning and action are necessary if the problem is to be satisfactorily solved. The implications of urbanization cannot be treated lightly nor can a laissez-faire attitude be adopted.

Au Basutoland ainsi que dans beaucoup d'autres tribus indigènes du Sud de l'Afrique, il arrive souvent que le magistrat dans son office, ou le missionnaire à son bureau, doit écrire les noms et prénoms des individus, soit pour la célébration d'un mariage, ou d'un baptême, soit pour quelqu'autre raison.

I Do Not intend to say to-night all over again what has been said many times before in admirable addresses to learned societies. I propose only to bring to your notice some features of the subject which have often been overlooked or disregarded and yet seem to me to be important.

May I in the first place mention the confusion which frequently arises when someone asks whether social anthropology can, or should be, an applied science. It is evident that it cannot be applied in the same sense as, for instance, medicine or engineering are said to be applied sciences since it cannot state its findings as laws in the light of which it can predict events. Perhaps it will never be able to formulate laws as these are understood in the exact sciences. Nevertheless social anthropology is a body of knowledge about human societies and, like all knowledge of the kind, can be used in a common-sense way to solve social problems; and there is surely no one who holds that it should not be so used.

Doubtful land titles are established or contested through recognized legal channels. Traditionally, the jurisdiction in land disputes is vested in judges (danya) who are the chiefs of the community in whose territory the land is situated. This rule applies also to land litigation between full members of the community and the strangers and guest-groups which may hold land (by lease or other titles) in the area. We note that in such disputes between the hereditary landlords and the landless foreigners the former also arrogate to themselves the right of jurisdiction.

We have taken this poem from the author's volume Inkondlo Kazulu, published in The Bantu Treasury by the University of Witwatersrand Press, Johannesburg. The translation was made by Dr. J. Dexter Taylor. He has followed the original almost line by line, used the same metre, and has not introduced an idea or an observation that is not in the original. It was printed in Bantu Studies, vol. ix, 1935. We acknowledge the courtesy of Dr. Taylor and of Dr. C. M. Doke, Editor of The Bantu Treasury, who have given permission for reproduction in Africa.