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Hollis-Sawyer, Lisa and Dykema-Engblade, Amanda 2016. Women and Positive Aging.
Lakomý, Martin and Kreidl, Martin 2015. Full-time versus part-time employment: Does it influence frequency of grandparental childcare?. European Journal of Ageing, Vol. 12, Issue. 4, p. 321.
Kalmijn, Matthijs 2014. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Families.
Rand, Stacey and Malley, Juliette 2014. Carers' quality of life and experiences of adult social care support in England. Health & Social Care in the Community, Vol. 22, Issue. 4, p. 375.
Ennis, Edel and Bunting, Brendan P 2013. Family burden, family health and personal mental health. BMC Public Health, Vol. 13, Issue. 1,
Shahly, V. Chatterji, S. Gruber, M. J. Al-Hamzawi, A. Alonso, J. Andrade, L. H. Angermeyer, M. C. Bruffaerts, R. Bunting, B. Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M. de Girolamo, G. de Jonge, P. Florescu, S. Gureje, O. Haro, J. M. Hinkov, H. R. Hu, C. Karam, E. G. Lépine, J.-P. Levinson, D. Medina-Mora, M. E. Posada-Villa, J. Sampson, N. A. Trivedi, J. K. Viana, M. C. and Kessler, R. C. 2013. Cross-national differences in the prevalence and correlates of burden among older family caregivers in the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Psychological Medicine, Vol. 43, Issue. 04, p. 865.
In debates about ageing western societies it is often assumed that many middle-aged women struggle to combine paid employment and intergenerational support, and that the subsequent stress leads them to experience an increase in depressive symptoms. Cross-sectional studies have supported this notion, but the question remains whether combining work and intergenerational support actually causes an increase in depressive symptoms. In order to fill a gap in the literature, this study examines the proportion of middle-aged women combining paid work and support to an adult child and/or parent, and the extent to which combining these roles affects women's depressive symptoms over time. For this purpose, we make use of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data set which includes longitudinal data collected on European women aged 50+. Descriptive analyses indicated that 14 per cent of middle-aged women combine the roles of employee, support provider to an adult child, and/or support provider to a parent. Results from semi-dynamic and full-dynamic regression analyses indicate that combining roles can take away some, of the positive mental health effects of fulfilling a role. These findings support the role combination stress hypothesis.
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