Article contents
Frequencies of Spiral and Green-Bone Fractures on Ungulate Limb Bones in Modern Surface Assemblages
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 January 2017
Abstract
During observational fieldwork in undisturbed ranges of free-roaming bison and moose, I have identified approximately 8% of surface bones as spirally or green-fractured due to documented carnivore activity, and 5% as spirally or green-fractured due to trampling or dust wallowing by bison. The bones of smaller species suffer up to 50% breakage. Bone modifications by wild wolves and bears are briefly described, as are characteristics of fractures caused by trampling and wallowing.
- Type
- Reports
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1983
References
References Cited
Behrensmeyer, Anna K.
1978
Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering. Paleobiology
4:150–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, Davidson, de Chardin, T., Young, C. C., and P'ei, W. C.
1933 Fossil man in China: the Choukoutien Cave deposits, with a synopsis of our present knowledge of theLate Cenozoic in China. Geological Survey of China Geological Memoirs Series A, No. 11. Peking.Google Scholar
Bonnichsen, Robson
1973
Some operational aspects of human and animal bone alteration. In Mammalian osteo-archaeology: North America, edited by Gilbert, B. M., pp. 9–24. Missouri Archaeological Society, Columbia.Google Scholar
Bonnichsen, Robson
1977 Models for deriving cultural information from stone tools. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada Paper 60. Ottawa.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonnichsen, Robson
1979 Pleistocene bone technology in the Beringian Refugium. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada Paper 89. Ottawa.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonnichsen, Robson
1981
The Old Crow discussion: inference and illusion. Comments on Guthrie, R.D.'s “The first Americans?The elusive Arctic bone culture.” The Quarterly Review of Archaeology
2(2):17–18.Google Scholar
Breuil, Henri
1938
The use of bone implements in the Old Palaeolithic period. Antiquity
12:56–67.Google Scholar
Breuil, Henri
1939 Bone and antler industry of the Choukoutien Sinanthropus site. Translated by Boyle, M.E.. PalaeontologicaSinica, New Series D, 6.Google Scholar
Crabtree, Don E.
1972
An introduction to flintworking.
Idaho State University Museum Occasional Paper 28. Pocatello.Google Scholar
Dart, Raymond A.
1957 The osteodontokeratic culture of Australopithecus prametheus. Transvaal Museum Memoir 10.Google Scholar
Dart, Raymond A.
1964
The Abbé Breuil and the osteodontokeratic culture. In Miscelánea en homenaje al Abate HenriBreuil (1877-1961), Tomo I, edited by Perelló, E. Ripoll, pp. 347–370. Instituto de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Barcelona.Google Scholar
Guthrie, R. Dale
1980
The first Americans? The elusive Arctic bone culture. The Quarterly Review of Archaeology
1(1):2.Google Scholar
Guthrie, R. Dale
1981
Mid-Wisconsinan Beringian man: elusive or illusive?
The Quarterly Review of Archaeology
2(2):18–19.Google Scholar
Haynes, Gary
1978 Morphological damage and alteration to bone: laboratory experiments, field studies, and zoostudies. Abstracts of the Fifth Biennial Meeting, American Quaternary Association: 210.Google Scholar
Haynes, Gary
1980a Evidence of carnivore gnawing on Pleistocene and Recent mammalian bones. Paleobiology
6:341–351.Google Scholar
Haynes, Gary
1980b Prey bones and predators: potential ecologic information from analysis of bone sites. Ossa
7:75–97.Google Scholar
Haynes, Gary
1981 Bone modifications and skeletal disturbances by natural agencies: studies in North America. UnpublishedPh.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Jopling, A. V., Irving, W. N., and Beebe, B. F.
1981
Stratigraphic, sedimentological and faunal evidence for the occurrence of pre-Sangamonian artefactsin northern Yukon. Arctic
34:3–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurten, Bjorn
1967 Pleistocene bears of North America, 2: Genus Arctodus, short-faced bears. Acta Zoologica Fennica 117. Google Scholar
Morlan, Richard E.
1979
A stratigraphic framework for Pleistocene artifacts from Old Crow River, northern Yukon Territory. In Pre-Llano cultures of the Americas: paradoxes and possibilities, edited by Humphrey, R.L. and Stanford, D., pp. 125–145. Anthropological Society of Washington, Washington, D.C.
Google Scholar
Morlan, Richard E.
1980 Taphonomy and archaeology in the Upper Pleistocene of the northern Yukon Territory: a glimpse ofthe peopling of the New World. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of CanadaPaper 94. Ottawa.Google Scholar
Myers, Thomas P., Voorhies, Michael R., and George Corner, R.
1980
Spiral fractures and bone pseudotools at paleontological sites. American Antiquity
45:483–490.Google Scholar
P'ei, Wen-Chung
1938 Le rôle des animaux et des causes naturelles dans la cassure des os. Palaeontologica Sinica, NewSeries D, 7.Google Scholar
Stanford, Dennis
1979
Afterword: resolving the question of New World origins. In Pre-Llano cultures of the Americas:paradoxes and possibilities, edited by Humphrey, R.L. and Stanford, D., pp. 147–150. Anthropological Society of Washington, Washington, D.C.
Google Scholar
- 145
- Cited by