Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T13:01:20.780Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

LINES OF COMMUNICATION: MIMBRES HACHURE AND CONCEPTS OF COLOR

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 October 2017

Will G. Russell ,
Sarah Klassen  and
Katherine Salazar
Will G. Russell*
Affiliation:
Arizona State Parks & Trails, 1100 W. Washington St., Phoenix, AZ 85007, USA
Sarah Klassen
Affiliation:
Arizona State University, 900 Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA (Sarah.Klassen@ASU.edu)
Katherine Salazar
Affiliation:
Arizona State University, 751 E. Lemon St., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA (KSalaz1@ASU.edu)
*
(WRussell@AZStateParks.gov, corresponding author)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Turquoise has played an important role in the Southwest, both today and in the distant past. Increasingly, archaeologists are coming to appreciate that the mineral was likely valued for its symbolism, rather than its chemical properties or economic worth. Thus, the color blue-green and a variety of blue-green things may have been conceptually analogous, together referencing and petitioning moisture. J. J. Brody recognized that additional symbols, while not themselves blue-green, may have likewise belonged to this blue-green complex. Over a decade ago, and while testing Brody's hypothesis, Stephen Plog convincingly argued that black-on-white hachure in Gallup-Dogoszhi pottery served as a proxy for blue-green. Here, we ask whether Mimbres artists incorporated the same symbolism. Findings suggest that Mimbres hachure was likely representative of color but not necessarily blue-green. In fact, it may have referenced yellow. Yellow and blue are often paired among the Pueblos, and interregional differences in the meaning of hachure may relate to interregional complementarity.

La turquesa juega un papel importante en el Suroeste, tanto en la actualidad como en el pasado remoto. Cada vez más, los arqueólogos reconocen que el mineral fue valorado no tanto por sus propiedades químicas o su valor económico sino probablemente por su simbolismo. Por lo tanto, es posible que el color verde-azul y una variedad de objetos de color verde-azul hayan sido conceptualmente análogos, conjuntamente haciendo referencia a la humedad y solicitando la misma. J. J. Brody reconoció que varios símbolos adicionales, aunque no de color verde-azul, también pudieron haber pertenecido a este complejo verde-azul. Hace más de una década, en un intento de comprobar la hipótesis de Brody, Stephen Plog argumentó de forma convincente que el hachurado en negro sobre blanco en la cerámica Gallup-Dogoszhi sirvió como sustituto del verde-azul. Aquí nos preguntamos si los artistas Mimbres incorporaron el mismo simbolismo. Los resultados sugieren que el hachurado Mimbres probablemente fuera representativo de un color, pero no necesariamente del verde-azul. De hecho, es posible que hiciera referencia al color amarillo. A menudo el amarillo y el azul forman un par entre la gente Pueblo, y es posible que las diferencias interregionales en el significado del hachurado se relacionen con la complementariedad interregional.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 83 , Issue 1 , January 2018 , pp. 109 - 127
Copyright
Copyright © 2017 by the Society for American Archaeology 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Anderson, Keith, Fenner, Gloria J., Morris, Don P., Teague, George A., and McKusick, Charmion 1986 The Archeology of Gila Cliff Dwellings. Publications in Anthropology 36. Western Archeological and Conservation Center, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Anyon, Roger, and LeBlanc, Steven A. 1980 The Architectural Evolution of Mogollon-Mimbres Communal Structures. The Kiva 45:253–277.Google Scholar
Anyon, Roger, and LeBlanc, Steven A. 1984 Galaz Ruin: A Prehistoric Mimbres Village in Southwestern New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Bernardini, Wesley, and Fowles, Severin 2011 Becoming Hopi, Becoming Tiwa: Two Pueblo Histories of Movement. In Movement, Connectivity, and Landscape Change in the Ancient Southwest, edited by Nelson, Margaret C. and Strawhacker, Colleen, pp. 253–274. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Bernhart, Robert, and Ortman, Scott G. 2014 New Evidence of Tewa-style Moiety Organization in the Mesa Verde Region, Colorado. In Astronomy and Ceremony in the Prehistoric Southwest Revisited: Collaborations in Cultural Astronomy, edited by Munson, Gregory E., Bostwick, Todd, and Hull, Tony, pp. 87–100. Maxwell Museum of Anthropology Anthropological Papers No. 9. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Boas, Franz 1928 Keresan Texts. Publications of the American Ethnological Society Vol. 8, Pts. 1–2. American Ethnological Society, New York.Google Scholar
Brew, J. O. 1946 The Archaeology of Alkali Ridge, Southeastern Utah. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology No. 24. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Brody, J. J. 1991 Anasazi and Pueblo Painting. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Brody, J. J. 2004 Mimbres Painted Pottery. School for Advanced Research, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Bunzel, Ruth Leah 1929 The Pueblo Potter: A Study of Creative Imagination in Primitive Art. Dover Publications, New York.Google Scholar
Bunzel, Ruth Leah 1932a Introduction to Zuñi Ceremonialism, Zuñi Origin Myths, Zuñi Ritual Poetry, Zuñi Katcinas. Twenty-seventh Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1933–1938. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Bunzel, Ruth Leah 1932b Zuni Katcinas: An Analytical Study, Vol. 47. Rio Grande Press, Glorieta, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Bunzel, Ruth Leah 1932c Zuñi Ritual Poetry. 47th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology for the Years 1929–1930. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Carlson, Roy L. 1982 The Polychrome Complexes. In Southwestern Ceramics, A Comparative Review, edited by Schroeder, Albert H., pp. 201–234. The Arizona Archaeologist No. 15. Arizona Archaeological Society, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Colton, Mary-Russell Ferrell 1965 Hopi Dyes. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin No. 41. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.Google Scholar
Colton, Harold S., and Hargrave, Lyndon L. 1937 Handbook of Northern Arizona Pottery Wares. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin No. 11. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.Google Scholar
Cosgrove, C. B. 1947 Caves of the Upper Gila and Hueco Areas in New Mexico and Texas. Peabody Museum of American Archaeology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Cosgrove, Harriet S., and Cosgrove, C. B. Jr. 1932 The Swarts Ruin, a Typical Mimbres Site in Southwestern New Mexico. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology No. 15. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Creel, Darrell 2006 Excavations at the Old Town Ruin, Luna County, New Mexico, 1989–2003. Vol. 1. U.S. Bureau of Land Management, New Mexico State Office, Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Creel, Darrell, and Anyon, Roger 2003 New Interpretations of Mimbres Public Architecture and Space: Implications for Cultural Change. American Antiquity 68:67–92.Google Scholar
Creel, Darrell, and McKusick, Charmion 1994 Prehistoric Macaws and Parrots in the Mimbres Area, New Mexico. American Antiquity 59: 510–524.Google Scholar
Crown, Patricia L., and Jeffrey, Hurst, W. 2009 Evidence of Cacao Use in the Prehispanic American Southwest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:2110–2113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cushing, Frank Hamilton 1886 A Study of Pueblo Pottery as Illustrative of Zuñi Culture-Growth. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Cushing, Frank Hamilton 1901 Zuñi Folk Tales. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Di Peso, Charles Corradino 1968 Casas Grandes and the Gran Chichimeca. Museum of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Dozier, Edward P. 1966 Hano: A Tewa Indian Community in Arizona. Harcourt School Publishers, San Diego, California.Google Scholar
Dozier, Edward P. 1970 The Pueblo Indians of North America. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York.Google Scholar
Eggan, Fred 1983 Comparative Social Organization. In Southwest, edited by Ortiz, Alfonso, pp. 723–742. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 10, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Ellis, Florence Hawley 1979 Isleta Pueblo. In Southwest, edited by Ortiz, Alfonso, pp. 351–365. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 9, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Fewkes, Jesse Walter 1894 The Walpi Flute Observance: A Study of Primitive Dramatization. The Journal of American Folklore 7 (27):265–288.Google Scholar
Fewkes, Jesse Walter 1895 The Oraibi Flute Altar. The Journal of American Folklore 8 (31):265–284.Google Scholar
Fewkes, Jesse Walter 1898 Archaeological Expedition to Arizona in 1895. Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Fewkes, Jesse Walter 1904 Two Summers' Work in Pueblo Ruins. 22nd Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Fewkes, Jesse Walter 1916 Animal Figures on Prehistoric Pottery from Mimbres Valley, New Mexico. American Anthropologist 18:535–545.Google Scholar
Fowles, Severin M. 2005 Historical Contingency and the Prehistoric Foundations of Moiety Organization among the Eastern Pueblos. Journal of Anthropological Research 61: 25–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, Nancy 1988 Hopi Kachina Mantas. American Indian Art Magazine 14 (1):60–67.Google Scholar
Fox, Robin 1967 The Keresan Bridge: A Problem in Pueblo Ethnology. Humanities Press, New York.Google Scholar
Frisbie, Theodore H. 1980 Social Ranking in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico: A Mesoamerican Reconstruction. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 72 (4): 60–69.Google Scholar
Geertz, Armin W. 1987 Hopi Indian Altar Iconography. Iconography of Religions: North America Vol. 5. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands.Google Scholar
Gifford, James C. 1980 Archaeological Explorations in Caves of the Point of Pines Region, Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Gilman, Patricia A., Thompson, Marc, and Wyckoff, Kristina 2014 Ritual Change and the Distant: Mesoamerican Iconography, Scarlet Macaws, and Great Kivas in the Mimbres Region of Southwestern New Mexico. American Antiquity 79:90–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldfrank, Esther S. 1974 The Social and Ceremonial Organization of Cochiti. Reprinted. Kraus Reprint Company, Millwood, New York. Originally published 1927, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 33, Menasha, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Harbottle, Garman, and Weigand, Phil C. 1992 Turquoise in Pre-Columbian America. Scientific American 266 (2):78–85.Google Scholar
Haury, Emil W. 1945 The Problem of Contacts between the Southwestern United States and Mexico. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 1:55–74.Google Scholar
Hawley, Florence 1950 Big Kivas, Little Kivas and Moiety Houses in Historic Reconstruction, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 6:286–302.Google Scholar
Hays, Kelley A. 1992 Anasazi Ceramics as Text and Tool: Toward a Theory of Ceramic Design “Messaging.” PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Hays-Gilpin, Kelley A. 1995 Art and Archaeology of the Puebloan Region: New Views from the Basement. Museum Anthropology 19:47–57.Google Scholar
Hays-Gilpin, Kelley, and van Hartesveldt, Eric (editors) 1998 Prehistoric Ceramics of the Puerco Valley, Arizona: The 1995 Chambers-Sanders Trust Lands Ceramic Conference. Ceramic Series No. 7. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.Google Scholar
Hays-Gilpin, Kelley, and Hill, Jane H. 2000 The Flower World in Prehistoric Southwest Material Culture. In The Archaeology of Regional Interaction: Religion, Warfare, and Exchange across the American Southwest and Beyond, edited by Hegmon, Michelle, pp. 411–428. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Hays-Gilpin, Kelley, Sekaquaptewa, Emory, and Newsome, Elizabeta A. 2010 Sìitálpuva,“Through the Land Brightened with Flowers”: Ecology and Cosmology in Mural and Pottery Painting, Hopi and Beyond. In Painting the Cosmos: Metaphor and Worldview in Images from the Southwest Pueblos and Mexico, edited by Hays-Gilpin, Kelley and Schaafsma, Polly, pp. 121–138. Bulletin 67. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.Google Scholar
Heacock, Erikalyn, and Bassaraba, Karen 2015 Shell Use in the Mimbres Region: Not so Black and White. MA thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Hedquist, Saul L. 2016 Ritual Practice and Exchange in the Late Prehispanic Western Pueblo Region: Insights from the Distribution and Deposition of Turquoise at Homol'ovi I. Kiva 82:209–231.Google Scholar
Hedquist, Saul L. 2017 A Colorful Past: Turquoise and Social Identity in the Late Prehispanic Western Pueblo Region. PhD dissertation, Graduate College, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Hegmon, Michelle, Brady, Jennifer A., and Nelson, Margaret C. 2006 Variability in Classic Mimbres Room Suites: Implications for Household Organization and Social Differences. In Mimbres Society, edited by Powell-Marti, Valli S. and Gilman, Patricia A., pp. 45–65. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Hegmon, Michelle, McGrath, James R., and Munson, Marit K. 2017 The Potential and Pitfalls of Large Multi-Source Collections. Advances in Archaeological Practice. DOI:10.1017/aap.2017.2, accessed May 19, 2017.Google Scholar
Heitman, Carolyn C., and Plog, Stephen 2005 Kinship and the Dynamics of the House: Rediscovering Dualism in the Pueblo Past. In A Catalyst for Ideas: Anthropological Archaeology and the Legacy of Douglas W. Schwartz, edited by Scarborough, Vernon, pp. 69–100. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Hill, Jane H. 1992 The Flower World of Old Uto-Aztecan. Journal of Anthropological Research 48:117–44.Google Scholar
Hoebel, E. Adamson 1979 Zia Pueblo. In Southwest, edited by Ortiz, Alfonso, pp. 407–417. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 9, Sturtevant, William C., general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Holmes, William Henry 1886 A Study of the Textile Art in Its Relation to the Development of Form and Ornament. Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 189–252. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Hough, Walter 1914 Culture of the Ancient Pueblos of the Upper Gila River Region, New Mexico and Arizona. Second Museum-Gates Expedition Bulletin No. 87. United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Hull, Sharon, Fayek, Mostafa, Mathien, Frances Joan, Shelley, Phillip, and Durand, Kathy Roler 2008 A New Approach to Determining the Geological Provenance of Turquoise Artifacts Using Hydrogen and Copper Stable Isotopes. Journal of Archaeological Science 35:1355–1369.Google Scholar
Judge, W. James 1989 Chaco Canyon–San Juan Basin. In Dynamics of Southwest Prehistory, edited by Cordell, Linda S. and Gummerman, George, pp. 209–261. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Judge, W. James, Gillespie, William B., Lekson, Stephen H., and Toll, H. Wolcott 1981 Tenth Century Developments in Chaco Canyon. In Collected Papers in Honor of Erik Kellerman Reed, edited by Schroeder, Albert H., pp. 65–98. Papers of the Archaeological Society of New Mexico No. 6. Albuquerque Archaeological Society Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Kabotie, Fred 1982 Designs from the Ancient Mimbreños, with a Hopi Interpretation. Northland Press, Flagstaff, Arizona.Google Scholar
Kantner, John 1999 The Influence of Self-Interested Behavior on Sociopolitical Change: The Evolution of the Chaco Anasazi in the Prehistoric American Southwest. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Kincaid, Chris 1983 Chaco Roads Project, Phase I: A Reappraisal of Prehistoric Roads in the San Juan Basin, 1983. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, New Mexico State Office, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Kintigh, Keith W. 1985 Settlement, Subsistence, and Society in Late Zuni Prehistory. Anthropological Paper No. 44. University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Lambert, Marjorie F., and Ambler, J. Richard 1961 A Survey and Excavation of Caves in Hidalgo County, New Mexico. School of American Research Monograph No. l. School for American Research, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Lange, Charles H. 1979a Cochiti Pueblo. In Southwest, edited by Ortiz, Alfonso, pp. 366–377. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 9, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Lange, Charles H. 1979b Santo Domingo Pueblo. In Southwest, edited by Ortiz, Alfonso, pp. 379–389. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 9, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Larralde, Signa L. 1977 Pottery and Textile Design Relationships in Prehistoric Arizona, 1100–1350 A.D. MA thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado.Google Scholar
LeBlanc, Steven A. 2004 Painted by a Distant Hand. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Lekson, Stephen H. 1992 Mimbres Art and Archaeology. In Archaeology, Art and Anthropology: Papers in Honor of J.J. Brody, edited by Duran, Meliha S. and Kirkpatrick, David T., pp. 111–122. Archaeological Society of New Mexico, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Lekson, Stephen H. 1999 The Chaco Meridian: Centers of Political Power in the Ancient Southwest. Rowman Altamira, Lanham, Maryland.Google Scholar
Lekson, Stephen H. (editor) 2007 The Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Lekson, Stephen H., Windes, Thomas C., Stein, John R., and Judge, W. James 1994 The Chaco Canyon Community. Scientific American 256 (1):100–109.Google Scholar
Livesay, Alison K. 2013 Oxidized Mimbres Bowls: An Example of Technological Style. Master's thesis, Graduate College, University of Oklahoma, Norman.Google Scholar
Lowell, Julia C. 1996 Moieties in Prehistory: A Case Study from the Pueblo Southwest. Journal of Field Archaeology 23:77–90.Google Scholar
Lummis, Charles F. 1920 A Tramp across the Continent. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
McGregor, John C. 1943 Burial of an Early American Magician. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 86: 270–298.Google Scholar
Martin, Paul S., Rinaldo, John B., Bluhm, Elaine, Cutler, Hugh C., and Grange, Roger Jr. 1952 Mogollon Cultural Continuity and Change: The Stratigraphic Analysis of Tularosa and Cordova Caves. Fieldiana: Anthropology 40:1–528.Google Scholar
Mathien, Frances Joan 1981 Neutron Activation of Turquoise Artifacts from Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Current Anthropology 22:293–294.Google Scholar
Mathien, Frances Joan 1984 Social and Economic Implications of Jewelry Items of the Chaco Anasazi. In Recent Research on Chaco Prehistory, edited by Judge, W. James and Schelbert, John D., pp. 173–186. Reports of the Chaco Center No. 8. National Park Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Mathien, Frances Joan 1986 External Contacts and the Chaco Anasazi. In Ripples in the Chichimec Sea: New Considerations of Southwestern-Mesoamerican Interactions, edited by McGuire, Randall H. and Mathien, Frances Joan, pp. 220–242. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.Google Scholar
Mathien, Frances Joan 1993 Exchange Systems and Social Stratification among the Chaco Anasazi. In The American Southwest and Mesoamerica: Systems of Prehistoric Exchange, edited by Ericson, Jonathon E. and Baugh, Timothy G., pp. 27–63. Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Mathien, Frances Joan 2001 The Organization of Turquoise Production and Consumption by the Prehistoric Chacoans. American Antiquity 66:103–118.Google Scholar
Mills, Barbara J. 2008 Remembering While Forgetting: Depositional Practices and Social Memory at Chaco. In Memory Work: Archaeologies of Material Practices, edited by Mills, Barbara J. and Walker, William H., pp. 81–108. School for Advanced Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Morris, Earl H. 1927 The Beginnings of Pottery Making in the San Juan Area: Unfired Prototypes and the Wares of the Earliest Ceramic Period. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 28:125–198.Google Scholar
Moulard, Barbara L. 1984 Within the Underworld Sky: Mimbres Ceramic Art in Context. Twelvetrees Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Munson, Marit K. 2000 Sex, Gender, and Status: Human Images from the Classic Mimbres. American Antiquity 65:127–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordenskiöld, Gustaf 1990 The Cliff Dwellers of Mesa Verde, Southwestern Colorado: Their Pottery and Implements. Originally published 1893, Norstedt and Soner, Stockholm, Sweden. facsimile ed. Translated by Morgan, D. Lloyd. Mesa Verde Museum Association, Mesa Verde, Colorado.Google Scholar
Old Elk, Arlene, and Stoklas, Jackie 2001 After the Rain. Heard Museum, Phoenix, Arizona.Google Scholar
Ortiz, Alfonso 1969 The Tewa World: Space, Time, Being and Becoming in a Pueblo Society. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Ortman, Scott G. 2000 Conceptual Metaphor in the Archaeological Record: Methods and an Example from the American Southwest. American Antiquity 65:613–645.Google Scholar
Parks-Barrett, Maria Shannon 2001 Prehistoric Jewelry of the NAN Ranch Ruin (LA15049), Grant County, New Mexico. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.Google Scholar
Parsons, Elsie Clews 1917a Notes on the Zuñi, Parts I and II. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association Vol. 19. American Anthropological Association, Menasha, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Parsons, Elsie Clews 1917b A Zuñi Folk-Tale. Journal of American Folklore 30:496–499.Google Scholar
Parsons, Elsie Clews 1919 Waiyautitsa of Zuñi, New Mexico. The Scientific Monthly 9 (5):443–457.Google Scholar
Parsons, Elsie Clews 1929 The Social Organization of the Tewa of New Mexico. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 36. Menasha, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Parsons, Elsie Clews 1930 Zuñi Tales. Journal of American Folklore 43 (167):1–58.Google Scholar
Parsons, Elsie Clews 1939 Pueblo Indian Religion. 2 vols. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Pepper, George Hubbard 1920 Pueblo Bonito. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History Vol. 27. American Museum of Natural History, New York.Google Scholar
Plog, Stephen 2003 Exploring the Ubiquitous through the Unusual: Color Symbolism in Pueblo Black-on-White Pottery. American Antiquity 68:665–695.Google Scholar
Plog, Stephen, and Heitman, Carrie 2010 Hierarchy and Social Inequality in the American Southwest, AD 800–1200. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107:19619–19626.Google Scholar
Post, Stephen S. 1993 Archaeological Excavation at La 59497, along State Road 264, McKinley County, New Mexico. Archaeology Notes 85. New Mexico Office of Archaeological Studies, Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Potter, James M. 1997 Communal Ritual, Feasting, and Social Differentiation in Late Prehistoric Zuni Communities. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Potter, James M., and Perry, Elizabeth M. 2000 Ritual as a Power Resource in the American Southwest. In Alternative Leadership Strategies in the Prehispanic Southwest, edited by Mills, Barbara J., pp. 60–78. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Reed, Paul F. 2004 The Puebloan Society of Chaco Canyon. Greenwood Publishing, Santa Barbara, California.Google Scholar
Reyman, Jonathan E. 1995 Value in Mesoamerican-Southwestern Trade. In The Gran Chichimeca: Essays on the Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Northern Mesoamerica, edited by Reyman, Jonathan E., pp. 269–280. Avebury Worldwide Archaeology Series 12. Avebury, Aldershot, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Rice, Prudence M. 1987 Pottery Analysis: A Sourcebook. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Riggs, Gene 2005 Rock Art Frontiers of the Classic Mimbres. In Nuevo Casas Grandes, Mexico, edited by Sklar, Marilyn, pp. 155–163. American Indian Rock Art Vol. 31. American Rock Art Research Association, San Jose, California.Google Scholar
Riley, Carroll L. 1980 Trade and Contact in the Prehistoric Southwest. Transactions of the Illinois Academy of Science 72 (4):13–19.Google Scholar
Rinaldo, John B., and Bluhm, Elaine A. 1956 Late Mogollon Pottery Types of the Reserve Area. Fieldiana: Anthropology 36:149–187.Google Scholar
Roediger, Virginia More 1941 Ceremonial Costumes of the Pueblo Indians. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Roney, John R. 1992 Prehistoric Roads and Regional Integration in the Chacoan System. In Anasazi Regional Organization and the Chaco System, edited by Doyel, David E., pp. 123–131. Anthropological Papers No. 5. Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Russell, Will G. 2009 Mimbres Stylistic Continuity in the Mogollon Highlands of the U.S. Southwest. Manuscript on file, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Shafer, Harry J. 1982 Classic Mimbres Phase Households and Room Use Patterns. Kiva 48:17–37.Google Scholar
Shafer, Harry J., and Brewington, Robbie L. 1995 Microstylistic Changes in Mimbres Black-on-White Pottery: Examples from the NAN Ruin, Grant County, New Mexico. Kiva 61:5–29.Google Scholar
Shafer, Harry J., and Taylor, Anna J. 1986 Mimbres Mogollon Pueblo Dynamics and Ceramic Style Change. Journal of Field Archaeology 13:43–68.Google Scholar
Shepard, Anna O. 1961 Ceramics for the Archaeologist. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Shepard, Lindsay 2015 Using a Multidisciplinary Approach to Interpret Artifacts. Electronic document, https://www.archaeologysouthwest.org/2015/07/17/using-amultidisciplinary-approach-to-interpret-artifacts, accessed February 8, 2017.Google Scholar
Shepard, Lindsay M., Schwartz, Christopher W., Russell, Will G., Weiner, Robert S., and Nelson, Ben A. 2017 Blue-Green Stone Mosaics in the U.S. Southwest and Northwestern Mexico: Origins, Spatiotemporal Distribution, and Potential Meanings. Manuscript on file, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Skinner, Jonathon 2009 Ethno Plunderphonics: On Some Mockingbird Transcriptions. Interval(le)s II.2-III.1:830–853.Google Scholar
Smith, Watson, Woodbury, Richard, and Woodbury, Natalie (editors) 1966 The Excavation of Hawikuh by Frederick W. Hodge: Report of the Hendricks-Hodge Hawikuh Expedition 1912–1923. Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York.Google Scholar
Snead, James E., and Preucel, Robert W. 1999 The Ideology of Settlement: Ancestral Keres Landscapes in the Northern Rio Grande. In Archaeologists of Landscape: Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Ashmore, Wendy and Knapp, A. Bernard, pp. 169–200. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.Google Scholar
Snow, David H. 1973 Prehistoric Southwestern Turquoise Industry. El Palacio 79 (1):33–51.Google Scholar
Stephen, Alexander M. 1936 Hopi Journal. Edited by Parsons, Elsie Clews. Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology No. 23. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Stevenson, James 1883 Illustrated Catalogue of the Collections Obtained from the Indians of New Mexico and Arizona in 1879-[1880].Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Stevenson, Matilda Coxe 1904 The Zuñi Indians. Rio Grande Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Strong, Pauline T. 1979 Santa Ana Pueblo. In Southwest, edited by Ortiz, Alfonso, pp. 398–406. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 9, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Strong, William D. 1927 An Analysis of Southwestern Society. American Anthropologist 29:1–61.Google Scholar
Swentzell, Rina 2004 A Pueblo Woman's Perspective on Chaco Canyon. In In Search of Chaco: New Approaches to an Archaeological Enigma, edited by Noble, David Grant, pp. 49–53. SAR Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Townsend, Richard F. (editor) 2005 Casas Grandes and the Ceramic Art of the Ancient Southwest. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago.Google Scholar
Vivian, Gordon, and Reiter, Paul 1960 The Great Kivas of Chaco Canyon and Their Relationships. Monographs No. 22. School of American Research, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Wardle, Barbra L. 1990 Native American Symbolism in the Classroom. Art Education 43 (5):12–24.Google Scholar
Ware, John A. 2014 A Pueblo Social History: Kinship, Sodality, and Community in the Northern Southwest. SAR Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Watson, Adam S., Plog, Stephen, Culleton, Brendan J., Gilman, Patricia A., LeBlanc, Steven A., Whiteley, Peter M., Claramunt, Santiago, and Kennett, Douglas J. 2015 Early Procurement of Scarlet Macaws and the Emergence of Social Complexity in Chaco Canyon, NM. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112:8238–8243.Google Scholar
Webster, Laurie 2007 Mogollon and Zuni Perishable Traditions and the Question of Zuni Origins. In Zuni Origins: Toward a New Synthesis of Southwestern Archaeology, edited by Gregory, David A. and Wilcox, David R., pp. 270–317. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Webster, Laurie 2008 Technological Style and Social Boundaries of Perishable Artifacts of the Early Agricultural/Basketmaker II Period. In The Latest Research on the Earliest Farmers, edited by Sarah A. Herr. Electronic document, www.archaeologysouthwest.org/what-we-do/investigations/earliest-farmers, accessed September 18, 2016.Google Scholar
Webster, Laurie 2009 Mogollon and Zuni Perishable Traditions and the Question of Zuni Origins. In Zuni Origins: Toward a New Synthesis of Southwestern Archaeology, edited by Gregory, David A. and Wilcox, David R., pp. 270–317. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Weigand, Phil C. 1992 The Macroeconomic Role of Turquoise within the Chaco Canyon System. In Anasazi Regional Organization and the Chaco Canyon System, edited by Doyel, David E., pp. 169–173. Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, Anthropology Papers No. 5. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Weigand, Phil C. 1994 Observations on Ancient Mining within the Northwestern Regions of the Mesoamerican Civilization, with Emphasis on Turquoise. In In Quest of Mineral Wealth: Aboriginal and Colonial Mining and Metallurgy in Spanish America, edited by Craig, Alan K. and West, Robert C., pp. 21–35. Geoscience and Man, Vol. 33. Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.Google Scholar
Weigand, Phil C., and Harbottle, Garman 1993 The Role of Turquoises in the Ancient Mesoamerican Trade Structure. In The American Southwest and Mesoamerica, edited by Ericson, Jonathan E. and Baugh, Timothy G., pp. 159–177. Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Weigand, Phil C., Harbottle, Garman, and Sayre, Edward V. 1977 Turquoise Sources and Source Analysis: Mesoamerica and the Southwestern USA. In Exchange Systems in Prehistory, edited by Earle, Timothy K. and Ericson, Jonathon E., pp. 15–34. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Weiner, Robert S. 2015 A Sensory Approach to Exotica, Ritual Practice, and Cosmology at Chaco Canyon. Kiva 81:220–246.Google Scholar
White, Leslie A. 1932 The Pueblo of San Felipe. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 38. American Anthropological Association, Menasha, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
White, Leslie A. 1935 The Pueblo of Santo Domingo, New Mexico. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 43. American Anthropological Association, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
White, Leslie A. 1942 The Pueblo of Santa Ana, New Mexico. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 44. American Anthropological Association, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
White, Leslie A. 1962 The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 184. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Whiteley, Peter 2012 Turquoise and Squash Blossom: A Pueblo Dialogue of the Long Run. In Turquoise in Mexico and North America: Science, Conservation, Culture and Collections, edited by King, Jonathan C.H., Carocci, Max, Cartwright, Caroline, McEwan, Colin, and Stacey, Rebecca, pp. 145–54. Archetype Publications and British Museum, London.Google Scholar
Wills, Wirt H. 2000 Political Leadership and the Construction of Chacoan Great Houses, AD 1020–1140. In Alternative Leadership Strategies in the Prehispanic Southwest, edited by Mills, Barbara J., pp. 19–44. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Windes, Thomas C. 1987 Investigations at the Pueblo Alto Complex, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, 1975–1979 Publications in Archeology 18F, Vols. 1 and 2. National Park Service, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Windes, Thomas C. 1992 Blue Notes: The Chacoan Turquoise Industry in the San Juan Basin. In Anasazi Regional Organization and the Chaco System, edited by Doyel, David E., pp. 159–168. Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, Anthropology Papers No. 5. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Wright, Barton 1973 Kachinas: A Hopi Artist's Documentary. Northland Press, Flagstaff, Arizona.Google Scholar
Young, Suzanne M. M., Phillips, David A. Jr, and Mathien, Frances J. 1994 Lead Isotope Analysis of Turquoise Sources in the Southwestern USA and Mesoamerica: A Preliminary Report. In Archaeometry 94: The Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Archaeometry, Ankara, 9–14 May, 1994, edited by Demirci, S., Ozer, A. M. and Summers, G. D., pp. 147–150. Tubitak, Ankara, Turkey.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Russell et al supplementary material 1

Russell et al supplementary material

Download Russell et al supplementary material 1(PDF)
PDF 1.3 MB
Supplementary material: PDF

Russell et al supplementary material 2

Russell et al supplementary material

Download Russell et al supplementary material 2(PDF)
PDF 7.6 MB