Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4hhp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-17T01:05:33.545Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Picosa: The Elementary Southwestern Culture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Cynthia Irwin-Williams
Cynthia Irwin-Williams*
Affiliation:
Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, New Mexico
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Picosa is defined as a continuum of similar closely related preceramic cultures existing in the southwestern United States during the last three millennia before Christ. It is seen as representing the elementary period of the development of the Southwest as a discrete culture area and is believed to be the result of a cultural synthesis of uniform developments originating as early as 8000 B.C. Although similar to the Desert culture in a culture-typical sense, the Picosa is distinct in terms of detailed inventory and historic derivation. Its role as the progenitor of most of the ceramic period cultures of the Southwest is examined.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 32 , Issue 4 , October 1967 , pp. 441 - 457
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1967

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agogino, G. A. 1958 Comments on the San Jose Radiocarbon Date. American Antiquity, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 187–8. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Agogino, G. A. and Hester, J. 1956 A Re-evaluation of the San Jose Non-Ceramic Cultures. El Palacio, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 6–20. Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Bryan, K. and Toulouse, J. H. Jr. 1943 The San Jose Non-Ceramic Culture and Its Relation to Puebloan Culture in New Mexico. American Antiquity, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 269–80. Menasha.Google Scholar
Campbell, E. W. and Campbell, W. H. 1935 The Pinto Basin Site. Southwest Museum Papers, No. 9. Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Campbell, J. M. and Ellis, F. H. 1952 The Atrisco Sites: Cochise Manifestations in the Middle Rio Grande Valley. American Antiquity, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 211–20. Salt Lake City.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daifuku, H. 1952 A New Conceptual Scheme for Prehistoric Cultures in the American Southwest. American Anthropologist, Vol. 54, pp. 191–200. Menasha.Google Scholar
Dick, H. U. 1965 Bat Cave. School of American Research Monograph No. 27. Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Gifford, J. C. 1960 The Type Variety Method of Ceramic Classification as an Indicator of Cultural Phenomena. American Antiquity, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 341–8. Salt Lake City.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrington, M. R. 1929 The Ozark Bluff Dwellers. American Anthropologist, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 1–21. Menasha.Google Scholar
Harrington, M. R. 1957 A Pinto Site at Little Lake, California. Southwest Museum Papers, No. 17. Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Haury, E. W. 1950 The Stratigraphy and Archaeology of Ventana Cave, Arizona. University of Arizona Press and University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Haury, E. W. 1957 An Alluvial Site on the San Carlos Indian Reservation, Arizona. American Antiquity, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 2–27. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Hunt, A. 1960 Archaeology of the Death Valley Salt Pan, California. University of Utah, Anthropological Papers, No. 47. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Hunt, A. and Tanner, D. 1960 Early Man Sites near Moab, Utah. American Antiquity, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 110–17. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Huscher, H. 1941 Grant No. 557. Continuation of Archaeological Survey of Southern and Western Colorado. Yearbook, American Philosophical Society, pp. 226–7. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Irwin, H. J. and Irwin, C. C. 1959 Excavations at the LoDaisKa Site. Proceedings of the Denver Museum of Natural History, No. 8. Denver.Google Scholar
Irwin-Williams, C. 1963 Excavations at Magic Mountain: A Study of Plains-Southwestern Relations. MS, doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Irwin-Williams, C. 1967a Anasazi Origins. A Preliminary Report on Research in Northwestern New Mexico, 1964–65. El Palacio. Santa Fe. (in press)Google Scholar
Irwin-Williams, C. 1967b Configurations of Preceramic Development in the Southwestern United States. Paper of VII INQUA Conference H. Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe. (in press)Google Scholar
Irwin-Williams, C. 1967c Preliminary Report on Investigations on Anasazi Origins, 1966. MS, Department of Anthropology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales.Google Scholar
Irwin-Williams, C. and Irwin, H. J. 1966 Excavations at Magic Mountain. Proceedings of the Denver Museum of Natural History, No. 12. Denver.Google Scholar
Jennings, J. D. 1953 Danger Cave: A Progress Summary. El Palacio, Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 179–213. Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Jennings, J. D. 1956 The American Southwest: A Problem in Cultural Isolation. In “Seminars in Archaeology: 1955,” edited by Robert Wauchope, pp. 55–127. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology, No. 11. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Jennings, J. D. 1957 Danger Cave. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology, No. 23. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Lanning, E. P. 1963 Archaeology of the Rose Spring Site, Iny — 372. California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 49, pp. 237–336. Berkeley.Google Scholar
MacNeish, R. S. and Irwin, C. 1962 Preceramic Projectile Point Typology in Mexico. Papers, Congress of Americanists, 1962. Mexico City.Google Scholar
McNutt, C. H. and Euler, R. C. 1966 The Red Butte Lithic Sites near Grand Canyon, Arizona. American Antiquity, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 410–19. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Martin, P. S. and Rinaldo, J. B. 1951 The Southwestern Co-Tradition. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, Vol. 7, pp. 215–19. Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Martin, P. S., Rinaldo, J. B., and Antevs, E. 1949 Cochise and Mogollon Sites in the Pine Lawn Valley, Western New Mexico. Fieldiana: Anthropology, Vol. 38, No. 1. Chicago.Google Scholar
Martin, P. S. and OTHERS 1952 Mogollon Cultural Continuity and Change. Fieldiana: Anthropology, Vol. 40. Chicago.Google Scholar
Mohr, A. and Sample, L. L. 1959 San Jose Sites in Southeastern Utah. El Palacio, Vol. 66, No. 4. Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Renaud, E. B. 1942 Reconnaissance in the Upper Rio Grande Valley, Colorado and Northern New Mexico. University of Denver, Publications in Anthropology, 1942. Denver.Google Scholar
Rogers, M. 1939 Early Lithic Industries of the Lower Basin of the Colorado River and Adjacent Desert Areas. San Diego Museum Papers, No. 3. San Diego.Google Scholar
Rouse, I. 1954 On the Use of the Concept of Area Co-Tradition. American Antiquity, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 221–5. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Rouse, I. 1960 The Classification of Artifacts in Archaeology. American Antiquity, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 313–24. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Sayles, E. B. 1945 The San Simon Branch Excavations at Cave Creek. Medallion Papers, No. 34. Globe.Google Scholar
Sayles, E. B. and Antevs, E. 1941 The Cochise Culture. Medallion Papers, No. 24. Globe.Google Scholar
Schroeder, A. H. 1963 Hakataya, Patayan, and Hokokam. Regional Research Abstract No. 308 (mimeographed). National Park Service, Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Spencer, R. F. and Jennings, J. D. 1965 The Native Americans. Harper and Row, New York.Google Scholar
Warren, C. N. 1967 The San Dieguito Complex: A Review and Hypothesis. American Antiquity, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 168–85. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Wendorf, F. and Miller, J. P. 1959 Artifacts from High Mountain Sites in the Sangre de Cristo Range, New Mexico. El Palacio, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 37–52. Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Wendorf, F. and Thomas, T. 1951 Early Man Sites Near Concho, Arizona. American Antiquity, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 107–14. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Willey, G. R. and Phillips, Philip 1958 Method and Theory in American Archaeology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar