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International Sports Events and Repression in Autocracies: Evidence from the 1978 FIFA World Cup

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2022

ADAM SCHARPF Open the ORCID record for ADAM SCHARPF [Opens in a new window] ,
CHRISTIAN GLÄßEL Open the ORCID record for CHRISTIAN GLÄßEL [Opens in a new window]  and
PEARCE EDWARDS Open the ORCID record for PEARCE EDWARDS [Opens in a new window]
ADAM SCHARPF*
Affiliation:
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
CHRISTIAN GLÄßEL*
Affiliation:
Hertie School, Germany
PEARCE EDWARDS*
Affiliation:
Carnegie Mellon University, United States
*
Adam Scharpf, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, adam.scharpf@ifs.ku.dk.
Christian Gläßel, Postdoctoral Researcher, Center for International Security, Hertie School, Germany, glaessel@hertie-school.org.
Pearce Edwards, Postdoctoral Fellow, Institute for Politics and Strategy, Carnegie Mellon University, United States, pearcee@andrew.cmu.edu.
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Abstract

How do international sports events shape repression in authoritarian host countries? International tournaments promise unique gains in political prestige through global media attention. However, autocrats must fear that foreign journalists will unmask their wrongdoings. We argue that autocracies solve this dilemma by strategically adjusting repression according to the spatial-temporal presence of international media. Using original, highly disaggregated data on the 1978 World Cup, we demonstrate that the Argentine host government largely refrained from repression during the tournament but preemptively cleared the streets beforehand. These adjustments specifically occurred around hotels reserved for foreign journalists. Additional tests demonstrate that (1) before the tournament, repression turned increasingly covert, (2) during the tournament, targeting patterns mirrored the working shifts of foreign journalists, (3) after the tournament, regime violence again spiked in locations where international media had been present. Together, the article highlights the human costs of megaevents, contradicting the common whitewashing rhetoric of functionaries.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 117 , Issue 3 , August 2023 , pp. 909 - 926
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association

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