In the late twentieth century, language conflicts became notonly a central battle in public policy but also an essentialmedium for political expression among traditionally margin-alized groups. This is clearly reflected in a host of policyinitiatives (from antiimmigrant propositions such as 187 inCalifornia, to English-only and antibilingual education move-ments in such states as Arizona, California, Colorado, andFlorida) and the proliferation of studies linking languagewith Latino and Asian American politics (e.g., AntoniaDarder and Rodolfo D. Torres, eds., The Latino StudiesReader: Culture, Economy and Society, 1998; and Louis De-Sipio and Rodolfo de la Garza, Making Americans, RemakingAmerica: Immigration and Immigration Policy, 1998).