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The Beginnings of Modern Ornithology in Venezuela*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2015

Yolanda Texera Arnal*
Affiliation:
Caracas, Venezuela

Extract

Among all the zoological species, birds are the easiest to observe and study. Their diurnal habits, the songs, and visual features make them conspicuous. These characteristics have made birds one of the bestknown animal groups even though ornithologists do not make up a large community among zoologists. For Ernst Mayr, an ornithologist who has made significant contributions that go beyond his own field, the accessibility of birds to research has allowed ornithologists to make important discoveries in several new fields of biology, ranging “from new systematics and speciation research to endocrinology and behavioral biology.”

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 2002

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Footnotes

*

Acknowledgments: To Miguel Lentino, Roger Pérez-Hernández y Hebe Vessuri for the comments made to the manuscript.

Translated by Julieta Fombona

References

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24 The Museum never answered my requests to visit their archives, but I presume that information on Phelps relationship with the Museum is to be found in the institution archives. In an interview Dr. Fernando Peñalver remembers that Phelps collected birds which he sent to the Museum in San Antonio de Maturín, where he lived when he came to Venezuela. Aristimuño, Segundo, Bibliotecas de Monagas. La Biblioteca Phelps (Caracas: 1998), pp. 8788.Google Scholar

25 William H. Phelps to Thomas Barbour (Museum of Comparative Zoology), February 3, 1939: “As my Ornithology lay dormant for over forty years I have a lot to learn all over again”. Archivo Colección Ornitológica Phelps (Hereafter ACOP).

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30 Ventura Barnés (1910–?), worked as a Curator in the beginnings of the Phelps Collection. He was an agronomist from Puerto Rico. When he first came to Venezuela he taught in the Practical School of Agriculture and later in the School of Agriculture. Alberto Fernández Yépez, was then a student at the School of Agronomy, later he worked in ornithology.

31 Mayr, Ernst & Phelps, William H. Jr., “The Origin of the Bird Fauna of the South Venezuelan Highlands,” Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 136 (1967), pp.309327;Google Scholar published also in Spanish: “Origen de la avifauna de las altiplanicies del sur de Venezuela,” Bol.Soc.Ven.Cienc.Nat. 121 (1971), pp. 305–401.

32 On Phelps Jr., see: Aveledo, Ramón H., “Con la muerte de William H. Phelps Jr, las aves pierden a uno de sus mejores amigos, (1902–1988),” Natura (1990)Google Scholar; Chuchani, Gabriel, “Discurso de incorporación del Doctor Gabriel Chuchani,” Boletin de la Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, 159–160 (1990), pp. 2529;Google Scholar Matemáticas y Naturales, Academia de Ciencias Físicas, “Nuevo académico,” Boletin de la Academia de Ciencias Fisicas, 70 (1990), pp. 117120;Google Scholar Vuillemier, François, “In Memoriam: William H. Phelps Jr.” The Auk 107 (1990), pp. 181183.Google Scholar

33 According to information collected by Miguel Lentino L., Curator of the Phelps Collection, dated May 5, 1995.

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36 There were 15 scientific contributions published in the Society's journal, Zoologica. The expeditions were financed by the Committee for Inter-American Artistic and Intellectual Relations, the Standard Oil Companies of New Jersey and Venezuelan Government, and four trustees of the Society: Rockefeller, Laurance, Frick, Charles, Satterlee y, Herbert L. Clark, George C.. Beebe, William, “Physical Factors in the Ecology of Caripito,” Zoologica 9 (1943), pp. 5360 Google Scholar;

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49 Proof of this are the numerous memoranda sent by Medina Padilla to the Ministry of Agriculture, asking for support, as well as many articles published in local newspapers for many years describing the decay of the Station.

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52 From the class of 1959, worked for some years as an ornithologist.

53 In the Museum's archives there are many letters and memoranda between 1944 and 1958 describing the Museum's situation. One in particular calls attention to its many problems and weaknesses: From J. M. Cruxent to J. A. Escalona (in charge of Cultural Affairs), Caracas, December, 27, 1952 (Museum's Archives).

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