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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 December 2015
Following more than three decades of conservative dictatorship in Mexico Porfirio Díaz was overthrown by the idealistic Francisco Madero in 1911. Madero was impractical and disorganized and the unrest, which had characterized the last years under Díaz, continued throughout the brief presidency of his successor. In February 1913 a rising under Félix Díaz, nephew of the old dictator, led to civil war within the capital. The fall of Madero was assured when General Victoriano Huerta, who commanded the government forces, switched sides and implemented the arrest of the President. A pact between Félix Díaz and Huerta led to the provisional presidency of Huerta with Díaz lurking in the background as potential candidate for the permanent presidency.
1 Baker, Ray Stannard, Woodrow Wilson, Life and Letters, Vol. 4 (Garden City, New York, 1927–1939), pp. 243–244.Google Scholar
2 Graf von Bernstorff, Johann Heinrich, My Three Years in America (New York, 1920), pp. 48–49 Google Scholar; Viereck, George Sylvester, Spreading the Germs of Hate (New York, 1930), pp. 53–54.Google Scholar The Hale mission is mentioned favorably and that of del Valle critically in Link, Arthur S., Wilson; the New Freedom (Princeton, N.J., 1956), pp. 354–356.Google Scholar A more critical mention of Hale is found in Tuchman, Barbara W., The Zimmerman Telegram (New York, 1958), p. 45.Google Scholar
3 [William Bayard Hale] to Ben G. Davis, Chief Clerk of the State Department, June 3, 1913, U.S. National Archives, Foreign Affairs Branch, State Department Decimal File, 812.00/23616 (cited hereinafter as NAFA). Some punctuation added.
4 Mexican Herald (Mexico City), June 6, 1913, p. 2:2.
5 Reginald F. del Valle to Davis, June 8, 1913, NAFA 812.00/23641; NAFA 812.00/ 23642.
6 Del Valle to Davis, June 17, 1913, NAFA 812.00/24644; U.S. Consul Louis Hostetter to Secretary of State, William Jennings Bryan, June 17, 1913, NAFA 812.00/7862.
7 Hale to [President Woodrow Wilson?] June 18, 1913, NAFA 812.00/7798 1/2.
8 Del Valle to Davis, June 23, 1913, NAFA 812.00/23646 and June 27, 1913, NAFA 812.00/23648.
9 Del Valle to Davis, June 25, 1913, NAFA 812.00/23647; Woodrow Wilson to Bryan, June 27, 1913, NAFA 812.00/23649.
10 Congressional Record, 63rd Congress, 1st Session, August 15, 1913, p. 3385; 66th Congress, 2nd Session, Senate Document 285, pp. 2289–2292.
11 Woodrow Wilson to Bryan, July 1, 1913, NAFA 812.00/7863 1/2.
12 Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson to Secretary of State, July 15, 1913, NAFA 812.00/8165; Mexican Herald, July 8, 1913, p. 1:3.
13 Hale to Davis, July 8, 1913, NAFA 812.00/23624.
14 Davis to del Valle, July 8, 1913, NAFA 812.0O/2365a.
15 H. L. Wilson to Secretary of State, July 8, 1913, NAFA 812.00/7990; July 9, 1913, NAFA 812.00/7999.
16 [Bryan] to F. A. Muschenheim, July 9, 1913, NAFA 812.0O/23625a; Mexican Herald, July 10, 1913, p. 2:1.
17 Hale to [Secretary of State?] July 9, 1913, NAFA 812.00/8203.
18 Hale to Davis, July 12, 1913, NAFA 812.00/23626.
19 Davis to del Valle, July 15, 1913, NAFA 812.00/23650b; del Valle to Davis, July 16,. 1913, NAFA 812.00/23651.
20 New York Times, July 27, 1913, p. 2:3; Mexican Herald, July 27, 1913, p. 1:6.
21 Mexican Herald, August 13, 1913, p. 2:2; 66th Cong. 2nd Sess., Sen. Doc. 285, p. 2324.
22 Memorandum from Boaz W. Long, NAFA 812.00/17669.
23 New York Times, August 13, 1913, p. 2:6; John Lind to Secretary of State, August 16, 1913, NAFA 812.00/8379; Congres Record, 63rd Cong., 1st Sess., August 15, 1913, p. 3385.
24 New York Times, November 7, 1913, p. 2:5; November 20, 1913, p. 2:2; Bryan to [Hale] November 8, 1913, NAFA 812.00/10648c.
