Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T07:37:14.020Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Performance, health and physiological responses of newly weaned feedlot cattle supplemented with feed-grade antibiotics or alternative feed ingredients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2018

K. A. de Souza ,
R. F. Cooke ,
K. M. Schubach ,
A. P. Brandão ,
T. F. Schumaher ,
I. N. Prado ,
R. S. Marques  and
D. W. Bohnert
K. A. de Souza
Affiliation:
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020–900, Brazil
R. F. Cooke*
Affiliation:
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
K. M. Schubach
Affiliation:
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
A. P. Brandão
Affiliation:
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
T. F. Schumaher
Affiliation:
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18168-000, Brazil
I. N. Prado
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020–900, Brazil
R. S. Marques
Affiliation:
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
D. W. Bohnert
Affiliation:
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
*
† E-mail: reinaldocooke@tamu.edu
Get access

Abstract

With increased regulations regarding the use of feed-grade antimicrobials in livestock systems, alternative strategies to enhance growth and immunity of feedlot cattle are warranted. Hence, this experiment compared performance, health and physiological responses of cattle supplemented with feed-grade antibiotics or alternative feed ingredients during the initial 60 days in the feedlot. Angus×Hereford calves (63 steers+42 heifers) originating from two cow–calf ranches were weaned on day −3, obtained from an auction yard on day −2 and road-transported (800 km; 12 h) to the feedlot. Upon arrival on day −1, shrunk BW was recorded. On day 0, calves were ranked by sex, source and shrunk BW, and allocated to one of 21 pens. Pens were assigned to receive (7 pens/treatment) a free-choice total mixed ration containing: (1) lasalocid (360 mg/calf daily of Bovatec; Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ, USA)+chlortetracycline (350 mg/calf of Aureomycin at cycles of 5-day inclusion and 2-day removal from diet; Zoetis) from days 0 to 32, and monensin only (360 mg/calf daily of Rumensin; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, USA) from days 33 to 60 (PC), (2) sodium saccharin-based sweetener (Sucram at 0.04 g/kg of diet dry matter; Pancosma SA; Geneva, Switzerland)+plant extracts containing eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and capsicum (800 mg/calf daily of XTRACT Ruminants 7065; Pancosma SA) from days 0 to 32 and XTRACT only (800 mg/calf daily) from days 33 to 60 (EG) or (3) no supplemental ingredients (CON; days 0 to 60). Calves were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs and dry matter intake was recorded from each pen daily. Calves were vaccinated against BRD pathogens on days 0 and 22. Shrunk BW was recorded on day 61, and blood samples collected on days 0, 6, 11, 22, 33, 43 and 60. Calf ADG was greater (P=0.04) in PC v. EG and tended (P=0.09) to be greater in PC v. CON. Feed efficiency also tended (P=0.09) to be greater in PC v. CON, although main treatment effect for this response was not significant (P=0.23). Mean serum titers against bovine respiratory syncytial virus were greater in EG v. PC (P=0.04) and CON (tendency; P=0.08). Collectively, the inclusion of alternative feed ingredients prevented the decrease in feed efficiency when chlortetracycline and ionophores were not added to the initial feedlot diet, and improved antibody response to vaccination against the bovine respiratory syncytial virus in newly weaned cattle.

Keywords

beef cattlegrowthimmunitynutrition
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 12 , Issue 12 , December 2018 , pp. 2521 - 2528
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

a

Present address: Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA.

References

Ayrle, H, Mevissen, M, Kaske, M, Nathues, H, Gruetzner, N, Melzig, M and Walkenhorst, M 2016. Medicinal plants – prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review. BMC Veterinary Research 6, 12–89.Google Scholar
Baldwin, R L, McLeod, KR, Elsasser, TH, Kahl, S, Rumsey, TS and Streeter, MN 2000. Influence of chlortetracycline and dietary protein level on visceral organ mass of growing beef steers. Journal of Animal Science 78, 3169–3176.Google Scholar
Birkelo, CP 2003. Pharmaceuticals, direct-fed microbials, and enzymes for enhancing growth and feed efficiency of beef. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 19, 599–624.Google Scholar
Callan, RJ 2001. Fundamental considerations in developing vaccination protocols. Bovine Practitioner 34, 14–22.Google Scholar
Callaway, TR, Edrington, TR, Rychlik, JL, Genovese, KJ, Poole, TL, Jung, YS, Bischoff, KM, Anderson, RC and Nisbet, DJ 2003. Ionophores: their use as ruminant growth promotants and impact on food safety. Current Issues in Intestinal Microbiology 4, 43–51.Google Scholar
Cardozo PW, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A and Kamel C 2005. Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 83, 2572–2579.Google Scholar
Cardozo PW, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A and Kamel C 2006. Effects of alfalfa extract, anise, capsicum and a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on ruminal fermentation and protein degradation in beef heifers fed a high concentrate diet. Journal of Animal Science 84, 2801–2808.Google Scholar
Cooke, RF 2017. Nutritional and management considerations for beef cattle experiencing stress-induced inflammation. The Professional Animal Scientist 33, 1–11.Google Scholar
Cooke, RF and Arthington, JD 2013. Concentrations of haptoglobin in bovine plasma determined by ELISA or a colorimetric method based on peroxidase activity: methods to determine haptoglobin in bovine plasma. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 97, 531–536.Google Scholar
Cooke, RF, Guarnieri Filho, TA, Cappellozza, BI and Bohnert, DW 2013. Rest stops during road transport: Impacts on performance and acute-phase protein responses of feeder cattle. Journal of Animal Science 91, 5448–5454.Google Scholar
Duff, GC and Galyean, ML 2007. Board-invited review: recent advances in management of highly stressed, newly received feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science 85, 823–840.Google Scholar
Duff, GC, Galyean, ML, Malcolm-Callis, KJ and Garcia, DR. 1995. Effects of ionophore type and level in the receiving diet on performance by newly received beef calves. Clayton Livestock Research Center Program Report No. 96, New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station, Las Cruces, NM, USA.Google Scholar
Duff, GC, Walker, DA, Malcolm-Callis, KJ, Wiseman, MW and Hallford, DM 2000. Effects of preshipping vs arrival medication with tilmicosin phosphate and feeding chlortetracycline on health and performance of newly received beef calves. Journal of Animal Science 78, 267–274.Google Scholar
Duffield, TE, Merril, JK and Bagg, RN 2012. Meta-analysis of the effects of monensin in beef cattle on feed efficiency, body weight gain, and dry matter intake. Journal of Animal Science 90, 4583–4592.Google Scholar
Edwards, TA 2010. Control methods for bovine respiratory disease for feedlot cattle. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice 26, 273–284.Google Scholar
Enemark, JMD 2008. The monitoring, prevention and treatment of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review. The Veterinary Journal 176, 32–43.Google Scholar
Fandiño I, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A and Blanch M 2008. Anise and capsicum as alternatives to monensin to modify rumen fermentation in beef heifers fed a high concentrate diet. Animal Feed Science and Technology 145, 409–417.Google Scholar
Geraci, JI, Garciarena, AD, Gagliostro, GA, Beauchemin, KA and Colombatto, D 2012. Plant extracts containing cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and capsicum oleoresin added to feedlot cattle diets: ruminal environment, short-term intake pattern and animal performance. Animal Feed Science and Technology 176, 123–130.Google Scholar
Lippolis, KD, Cooke, RF, Schumaher, T, Brandão, AP, Silva, LGT, Schubach, KM, Marques, RS and Bohnert, DW 2017. Physiologic, health, and performance responses of beef steers supplemented with an immunomodulatory feed ingredient during feedlot receiving. Journal of Animal Science 95, 4945–4957.Google Scholar
McMeniman, JP, Rivera, JD, Schlegel, P, Rounds, W and Galyean, ML 2006. Effects of an artificial sweetener on health, performance, and dietary preference of feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science 84, 2491–2500.Google Scholar
National Research Council 2000. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, 7th edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Perry, TW, Riley, JG, Mohler, MT and Pope, RV 1986. Use of chlortetracycline for treatment of new feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science 62, 1215–1219.Google Scholar
Ponce, CH, Brown, MS, Silva, JS, Schlegel, P, Rounds, W and Hallford, DM 2014. Effects of a dietary sweetener on growth performance and health of stressed beef calves and on diet digestibility and plasma and urinary metabolite concentrations of healthy calves. Journal of Animal Science 92, 1630–1638.Google Scholar
Richeson, JT, Beck, PA, Gadberry, MS, Gunter, SA, Hess, TW, Hubbell, DS and Jones, C 2008. Effects of on-arrival versus delayed modified-live virus vaccination on health, performance, and serum infectious bovine rhinotracheitis titers of newly-received beef calves. Journal of Animal Science 86, 999–1005.Google Scholar
Russell, JB and Strobel, HJ 1989. Effect of ionophores on ruminal fermentation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, 1–6.Google Scholar
Samuelson, KL, Hubbert, ME, Galyean, ML and Löest, CA 2016. Nutritional recommendations of feedlot consulting nutritionists: The 2015 New Mexico State and Texas Tech University survey. Journal of Animal Science 94, 2648–2663.Google Scholar
Snowder, GD, Van Vleck, LD, Cundiff, LV and Bennett, GL 2006. Bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle: environmental, genetic, and economic factors. Journal of Animal Science 84, 1999–2008.Google Scholar
Step, DL, Krehbiel, CR, DePra, HA, Cranston, JK, Fulton, RW, Kirkpatrick, JG, Gill, DR, Payton, ME, Montelongo, MA and Confer, AW 2008. Effects of commingling beef calves from different sources and weaning protocols during a forty-two-day receiving period on performance and bovine respiratory disease. Journal of Animal Science 86, 3146–3158.Google Scholar
US Food and Drug Administration 2015. Fact sheet: veterinary feed directive final rule and next steps. Retrieved on 10 October 2017 from http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/ucm449019.htm.Google Scholar
US Food and Drug Administration 2017. Blue Bird Labels. Retrieved on 10 October 2017 from https://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/Products/AnimalFoodFeeds/MedicatedFeed/BlueBirdLabels/ucm072534.htm#Beef_Cattle__Feedlot_.Google Scholar
Vendramini, JMB, Oliveira, FL, Sanchez, JMD, Yarborough, J, Perez, D, Ralston, J and Cooke, RF 2016. Monensin effects on early-weaned beef calves grazing annual ryegrass pastures. Journal of Animal Science 94, 308.Google Scholar
Vendramini, JMB, Sanchez, JMD, Cooke, RF, Aguiar, AD, Moriel, P, da Silva, WL, Cunha, OFR, Ferreira, PDS and Pereira, AC 2015. Stocking rate and monensin supplemental level effects on growth performance of beef cattle consuming warm-season grasses. Journal of Animal Science 95, 3682–3689.Google Scholar
Visek, WJ 1978. The mode of growth promotion by antibiotics. Journal of Animal Science 46, 1447–1469.Google Scholar
Wilson, BK, Richards, CJ, Step, DL and Krehbiel, CR 2017. Best management practices for newly weaned calves for improved health and well-being. Journal of Animal Science 95, 2170–2182.Google Scholar
Yang, WZ, Ametaj, BN, Benchaar, C and Beauchemin, KA 2010b. Dose response to cinnamaldehyde supplementation in growing beef heifers: Ruminal and intestinal digestion. Journal of Animal Science 88, 680–688.Google Scholar
Yang, WZ, Ametaj, BN, Benchaar, C, He, ML and Beauchemin, KA. 2010a. Cinnamaldehyde in feedlot cattle diets: Intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood metabolites. Journal of Animal Science 88, 1082–1092.Google Scholar
Zinn, RA 1987. Influence of lasalocid and monensin plus tylosin on comparative feeding value of steam-flaked versus dry-rolled corn in diets for feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science 65, 256–266.Google Scholar
Zinn, RA 1993. Influence of oral antibiotics on digestive function in Holstein steers fed a 71% concentrate diet. Journal of Animal Science 71, 213–217.Google Scholar