Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-5xszh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T06:23:19.127Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Dietary L-arginine supplementation increased mammary gland vascularity of lactating sows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2018

D. M. Holanda
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG36570-900, Brazil
C. S. Marcolla
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG36570-900, Brazil
S. E. F. Guimarães
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG36570-900, Brazil
M. M. Neves
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
G. J. Hausman
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services, Athens, GA 30605, USA
M. S. Duarte
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG36570-900, Brazil
M. L. T. Abreu
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
A. Saraiva*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG36570-900, Brazil
Get access

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms modulated by dietary arginine supplementation to sows during lactation regarding antioxidant capacity and vascularization of mammary glands. At 109 days of gestation, animals were transferred to individual farrowing crates equipped with manual feeders and automatic drinker bowls. Environmental temperature and humidity inside the farrowing rooms were registered every 15 min. At farrowing, sows were assigned in a completely randomized design to a control diet (CON) or the CON diet supplemented with 1.0% L-arginine (ARG). A total of three gilts and two sows were fed the CON diet, whereas three gilts and three sows were fed ARG diets. Sows were fed a fixed amount of 6.0 kg/day, subdivided equally in four delivery times (0700, 1000, 1300 and 1600 h) for 21 days. At weaning, sows were slaughtered and mammary tissue samples and blood from the pudendal vein were collected. Data were analyzed considering each sow as an experimental unit. Differences were considered at P<0.05. L-arginine fed sows presented lower messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for prolactin receptor (P=0.002), angiopoietin1 (P=0.03) and receptor tyrosine kinase (P=0.01); higher mRNA expression for prostaglandin synthase 1 (P=0.01); a trend of decrease for glucocorticoid receptor (P=0.06) and IGF receptor 1 (P=0.07); and a trend (P=0.05) for an increased glutathione peroxidase mRNA expression. The angiopoietin2:angiopoietin1 mRNA ratio tended to increase (P=0.07) in ARG fed sows. L-arginine fed sows had greater (P=0.04) volumetric proportion of blood vessels and a trend of enhance (P=0.07) in the number of blood vessels per mm2. These findings show that 1.0% ARG supplementation to sows activates proliferative mechanisms, may improve mammary tissues’ angiogenesis and tended to increase mRNA expression of genes that encode antioxidant enzymes in mammary gland of sows.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alderton, WK, Cooper, CE and Knowles, RG 2001. Nitric oxide synthases: structure, function and inhibition. Biochemical Journal 357, 593615.Google Scholar
Berchieri-Ronchi, CB, Kim, SW, Zhao, Y, Correa, CR, Yeum, KJ and Ferreira, AL 2011. Oxidative stress status of highly prolific sows during gestation and lactation. Animal 5, 17741779.Google Scholar
Black, JL, Mullan, BP, Lorschy, ML and Giles, LR 1993. Lactation in the sow during heat stress. Livestock Production Science 35, 153170.Google Scholar
Burnol, AF, Loizeau, M and Girard, J 1990. Insulin receptor activity and insulin sensitivity in mammary gland of lactating rats. American Journal of Physiology 259, E828E834.Google Scholar
Chandrasekharan, S, Foley, NA, Jania, L, Clark, P, Audoly, LP and Koller, BH 2005. Coupling of COX-1 to mPGES1 for prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in the murine mammary gland. Journal of Lipid Research 46, 26362648.Google Scholar
Chen, C, Xu, Y and Song, Y 2014. IGF-1 gene-modified muscle-derived stem cells are resistant to oxidative stress via enhanced activation of IGF-1R/PI3K/AKT signaling and secretion of VEGF. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 386, 167175.Google Scholar
Davis, S, Aldrich, TH, Jones, PF, Acheson, A, Compton, DL, Jain, V, Ryan, TE, Bruno, J, Radziejewski, C, Maisonpierre, PC and Yancopoulos, GD 1996. Isolation of angiopoietin-1, a ligand for the TIE2 receptor, by secretion-trap expression cloning. Cell 87, 11611169.Google Scholar
Eklund, L and Olsen, BR 2006. Tie receptors and their angiopoietin ligands are context-dependent regulators of vascular remodeling. Experimental Cell Research 312, 630641.Google Scholar
Farmer, C, Palin, MF and Hovey, RC 2010. Greater milk yield is related to increased DNA and RNA content but not to mRNA abundance of selected genes in sow mammary tissue. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 90, 379388.Google Scholar
Flynn, NE, Meininger, CJ, Haynes, TE and Wu, G 2002. The metabolic basis of arginine nutrition and pharmacotherapy. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 56, 427438.Google Scholar
Forsythe, JA, Jiang, BH, Iyer, NV, Agani, F, Leung, SW, Koos, RD and Semenza, GL 1996. Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, 46044613.Google Scholar
Gardner, DS, Powlson, AS and Giussani, DA 2001. An in vivo nitric oxide clamp to investigate the influence of nitric oxide on continuous umbilical blood flow during acute hypoxaemia in the sheep fetus. The Journal of Physiology 537, 587596.Google Scholar
Hanahan, D 1997. Signaling vascular morphologenesis and maintenance. Science 277, 4850.Google Scholar
Hansen, TM, Singh, H, Tahir, TA and Brindle, NPJ 2010. Effects of angiopoietins-1 and -2 on the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 are differentially regulated at the endothelial cell surface. Cellular Signalling 22, 527532.Google Scholar
Ji, F, Hurley, WL and Kim, SW 2014. Characterization of mammary gland development in pregnant gilts. Journal of Animal Science 84, 579587.Google Scholar
Kensinger, RS, Collier, RJ, Bazer, FW, Ducsay, CA and Becker, HN 1982. Nucleic acid, metabolic and histological changes in gilt mammary tissue during pregnancy and lactogenesis. Journal of Animal Science 54, 12971308.Google Scholar
Kim, SW, Hurley, WL, Hant, IK and Easter, RA 2000. Growth of nursing pigs related to the characteristics of nursed mammary glands. Journal of Animal Science 78, 13131318.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, K, Oyama, S, Kuki, C, Tsugami, Y, Matsunaga, K, Suzuki, T and Nishimura, T 2017. Distinct roles of prolactin, epidermal growth factor, and glucocorticoids in β-casein secretion pathway in lactating mammary epithelial cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 440, 1624.Google Scholar
Kong, X, Tan, B, Yin, Y, Gao, H, Li, X, Jaeger, LA, Bazer, FW and Wu, G 2012. L-arginine stimulates the mTOR signaling pathway and protein synthesis in porcine trophectoderm cells. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 23, 11781183.Google Scholar
Krogh, U, Oksbjerg, N, Storm, AC, Feyera, T and Theil, PK 2017. Mammary nutrient uptake in multiparous sows fed supplementary arginine during gestation and lactation. Journal of Animal Science 95, 25172532.Google Scholar
Li, X, Bazer, FW, Johnson, GA, Burghardt, RC, Erikson, DW, Frank, JW, Spencer, TE, Shinzato, I and Wu, G 2010. Dietary supplementation with 0.8% l-arginine between days 0 and 25 of gestation reduces litter size in gilts. The Journal of Nutrition 140, 11111116.Google Scholar
Liu, XD, Wu, X, Yin, YL, Liu, YQ, Geng, MM, Yang, HS, Blachier, F and Wu, GY 2012. Effects of dietary L-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate supplementation during late gestation of sows on the miR-15b/16, miR-221/222, VEGFA and eNOS expression in umbilical vein. Amino Acids 42, 21112119.Google Scholar
Livak, KJ and Schmittgen, TD 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT method. Methods 25, 402408.Google Scholar
Ma, X, Lin, Y, Jiang, Z, Zheng, C, Zhou, G, Yu, D, Cao, T, Wang, J and Chen, F 2010. Dietary arginine supplementation enhances antioxidative capacity and improves meat quality of finishing pigs. Amino Acids 38, 95102.Google Scholar
Mateo, RD, Wu, G, Moon, HK, Carroll, JA and Kim, SW 2008. Effects of dietary arginine supplementation during gestation and lactation on the performance of lactating primiparous sows and nursing piglets1. Journal of Animal Science 86, 827835.Google Scholar
Nielsen, TT, Trottier, NL, Stein, HH, Bellaver, C and Easter, RA 2002. The effect of litter size and day of lactation on amino acid uptake by the porcine mammary glands. Journal of Animal Science 80, 24022411.Google Scholar
Pfaffl, MW, Tichopad, A, Prgomet, C and Neuvians, TP 2004. Determination of stable housekeeping genes, differentially regulated target genes and sample integrity: bestkeeper – excel-based tool using pair-wise correlations. Biotechnology Letters 26, 509515.Google Scholar
Rostagno, HS, Albino, LFT, Donzele, JL, Gomes, PC, Oliveira, RF, Lopes, DC, Ferreira, AS, Barreto, SLT and Euclides, R 2011. Brazilian tables for poultry and swine, 3rd edition. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Google Scholar
Shi, W, Meininger, CJ, Haynes, TE, Hatakeyama, K and Wu, G 2004. Regulation of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis and bioavailability in endothelial cells. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 41, 415433.Google Scholar
Steibel, JP, Poletto, R, Coussens, PM and Rosa, GJ 2009. A powerful and flexible linear mixed model framework for the analysis of relative quantification RT-PCR data. Genomics 94, 146152.Google Scholar
Stroes, E, Hijmering, M, van Zandvoort, M, Wever, R, Rabelink, TJ and van Faassen, EE 1998. Origin of superoxide production by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. FEBS Letters 438, 161164.Google Scholar
Tan, B, Yin, Y, Kong, X, Li, P, Li, X, Gao, H, Li, X, Huang, R and Wu, G 2010. L-arginine stimulates proliferation and prevents endotoxin-induced death of intestinal cells. Amino Acids 38, 12271235.Google Scholar
Travers, MT, Barber, MC, Tonner, E, Quarrie, L, Wilde, CJ and Flint, DJ 1996. The role of prolactin and growth hormone in the regulation of casein gene expression and mammary cell survival: relationships to milk synthesis and secretion. Endocrinology 137, 15301539.Google Scholar
Vandesompele, J, De Preter, K, Pattyn, F, Poppe, B, Van Roy, N, De Paepe, A and Speleman, F 2002. Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biology 3, 112.Google Scholar
Wilde, CJ, Knight, C and Flint, DJ 1999. Control of milk secretion and apoptosis during mammary involution. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 4, 129136.Google Scholar
Wood, TL, Richert, MM, Stull, MA and Allar, MA 2000. The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins in postnatal development of murine mammary glands. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 5, 3142.Google Scholar
Wu, G, Flynn, NE, Knabe, DA and Jaeger, LA 2000. A cortisol surge mediates the enhanced polyamine synthesis in porcine enterocytes during weaning. American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279, R554R559.Google Scholar
Wu, G, Bazer, FW, Davis, TA, Kim, SW, Li, P, Rhoads, JM, Satterfield, MC, Smith, SB, Spencer, TE and Yin, Y 2009. Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease. Amino Acids 37, 153168.Google Scholar
Wu, G, Bazer, FW, Satterfield, MC, Li, X, Wang, X, Johnson, GA, Burghardt, RC, Dai, Z, Wang, J and Wu, Z 2013. Impacts of arginine nutrition on embryonic and fetal development in mammals. Amino Acids 45, 241256.Google Scholar
Zhu, C, Guo, C-y, Gao, K-g, Wang, L, Chen, Z, Ma, X-y and Jiang, Z-y 2017. Dietary arginine supplementation in multiparous sows during lactation improves the weight gain of suckling piglets. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 16, 648655.Google Scholar