Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-27gpq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T07:54:04.741Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

English and Hindi

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2008

Extract

This study provides a fragment of a contrastive analysis of written texts from Hindi and English. Hindi is an Indo-Aryan language used in South Asia in several varieties by approximately three hundred million people. It is one of the four major world language in terms of number of speakers. In this study, I present a number of sample texts from Hindi, both of the narrative and the expository kind, and discuss them in the theoretical frameworks of contemporary discourse analysis.

Type
Linguistics and Written Discourse in Particular Languages
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

UNANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adams, M. and Collins, A.. 1979. A schema-theoretical view of reading. In Freedle, R. O., (ed.) New directions in discourse processing. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. 122.Google Scholar
Alatis, J. (ed.) 1978. International dimmensions of bilingual education. Washington, Dc: Georgetown University Press. [Georgetown University Round Table].Google Scholar
Basham, A. L. 1954. The wonder that was India. London: Sejwick and Jackson.Google Scholar
Beaugrande, R. A. de. 1980. Text, discourse and process. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Bhatia, T. K. 1982. The treatment of discourse in the Hindi grammatical tradition. Paper presented at the 11th South Asian Conference, Madison, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Chafe, W. L. 1970. Meaning and the structure of language. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Chafe, W. L.. (ed.) 1980. The pear stories. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Chaitanya, K. 1977. A new history of Sanskrit literature. Delhi: Manohar.Google Scholar
Clancy, P. M. 1977. Referential choice in English and Japanese narrative discourse. In Chafe, W. L. (ed.) The pear stories. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. 127202.Google Scholar
De, S. K. 1923. Studies in the history of Sanskrit poetics. 2 vols. London: Luzac.Google Scholar
De, S. K.. 1947. History of Sanskrit literature. Calcutta: Calcutta University Press.Google Scholar
Dik, S. C. 1968. Coordination. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Fillmore, C. J. 1970. Subjects, speakers and roles. Synthese. 21. 251274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fillmore, C. J. 1982. Ideal reader and real readers. In Tannen, D. (ed.) Analyzing discourse: Text and talk: Washing, DC: Georgetown University Press. 248270. [Georgetown University Round Table.]Google Scholar
Freedle, R. O. (ed.) 1977. Discourse production and comprehension. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Freedle, R. O. (ed.) 1979. New directions in discourse processing. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Gambhir, V. 1981. Syntactic restrictions and discourse functions of word order in standard Hindi. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. Ph. D. diss.Google Scholar
Givón, T. (ed.) 1979. Discourse and syntax. New York: Academic Press. [Syntax and Semantics, 12.]Google Scholar
Grimes, J. E. 1975. The thread of discourse. The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, B. P. 1974. Some aspects of subject and theme in Hindi. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. Ph. D. diss.Google Scholar
Guru, K. P. 1920. Hindii vyaakaraNa. Varanasi: Kashi Nagart Pracharint Sabha.Google Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. and Hasan, R.. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Hinds, J. 1976. Aspects of Japanese discourse structure. Japan: Kaitakusha Company.Google Scholar
Hinds, J.. 1977. Paragraph structure and pronominalization. Papers in linguistics. 10. 12. 7799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kachru, B. B. 1978. Code mixing as a verbal strategy in India. In Alatis, J. (ed.) International dimensions of bilingual education. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 107124. [Georgetown University Round Table.]Google Scholar
Kachru, B. B. 1982a. Meaning in deviation: Toward understanding non-native English texts. In Kachru, B. B. (ed.) The other tongue: English across cultures. Urbana: Univeristy of Illinois Press. 325350.Google Scholar
Kachru, B. B. 1982b. The other tongue: English across cultures. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Kachru, Y. 1973. Some aspects of Pronominalization and relative clause construction in Hindi-Urdu. SLS. 3. 2. 87103.Google Scholar
Kachru, Y. 1978. On relative clause formation in Hindi-Urdu. Linguistics. 207. 526.Google Scholar
Kachru, Y. 1980. Aspects of Hindi-grammar. Delhi: Manohar.Google Scholar
Kachru, Y. 1981. On the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of the conjunctive participle in Hindi-Urdu. SLS, 11. 2. 3550.Google Scholar
Kachru, Y.. (To appear) Style repertoire of Hindi poets: Implications for stylistic analysis.Google Scholar
Kaplan, R. B. 1966. Cultural thought patterns in intercultural education. Language learning. 16. 120. (Also in Croft, K.(ed.) 1980.Google Scholar
Readings in English as a second language for teachers and teacher traineees. 2nd ed.Cambridge, MA: Winthrop.)Google Scholar
Keenan, E. 1976. Towards a universal definition of “subject.” In Li, C. N. (ed.) Subject and topic. New York: Academic Press. 303333.Google Scholar
Keith, A. B. 1920. A history of Sanskrit literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Keith, A. B.. 1924. Sanskrit drama. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kellogg, S. H. 1875. A grammar of the Hindi language. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Lannoy, R. 1971. The speaking tree: A study of Indian culture and society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Li, C. N. (ed.) 1976. Subject and topic. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Li, C. N. and Thompson, S. A.. 1979. Thrid-person pronouns and zero-anaphora in Chinese discourse. In Givón, T. (ed.) Discourse and syntax. New York: Academic Press. 311335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longacre, R. E. 1968. Discourse, paragraph and sentence structure in selected philippine languages. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics. [S.I.L. Publications in Linguistics and Related Fields, No. 21.]Google Scholar
Magier, D. 1979a. Hindi honorifics: Linguistic dimensions of a social deixis in a Hindi film. Berkeley: University of California. M.A. thesis.Google Scholar
Magier, D. 1979b. Fixed expressions in Hindi. Berkeley: University of California. Unpublished paper.Google Scholar
McGregor, R. S. 1972. Outline of Hindi grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ong, W. J. 1982. Oral remembering and narrative structure. In Tannen, D. (ed.) Analying discourse: Text and talk. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 1224. [Georgetown University Round Table.]Google Scholar
Pietrzyk, A. H. 1980. A study of lexical styles in Hindi. Buffalo, NY: State University of New York. Ph. D. diss.Google Scholar
Pike, K. L. 1967. Language in relation to a unified theory of the structure of human behavior. 2nd ed.The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, G. A. 1970. On the natural domain of grammar. Linguistics. 63. 51123.Google Scholar
Scribner, S.. 1979. Modes of thinking and ways of speaking: Culture and logic reconsidered. In Freedle, R. O. (ed.) New directions in discourse processing. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. 223243.Google Scholar
Tannen, D. (ed.) 1982a. Analyzing discourse: Text and talk. Wahington, DC: Georgetown University Press. [Georgetown University Round Table.]Google Scholar
Tannen, D. (ed.) 1982b. Spoken and written language: Exploring orality and literacy. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Tannen, D. (ed.) 1982c. Coherence in spoken and written discourse. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
VanDijk, T. A. Dijk, T. A. 1977. Text and context: Explorations in the semantics and pragmatics of discourse. New York: Longman.Google Scholar
VanDijk, T. A. Dijk, T. A. 1982. Episodes as units of discourse analysis. In Tannen, D. (ed.) Analyzing discourse: Text and talk. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 177195. [Georgetown University Round Table.]Google Scholar
Vyas, B. S., Tiwari, B. N., and Srivastava, R. N.. 1972. Hindi vyakaram aur rachna. Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training.Google Scholar
Wells, H. W. 1963. The classical drama of India. Bombay: Asia Publishing House.Google Scholar
Widdowson, H. G. 1979. Explorations in applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar