Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-9pm4c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T12:32:15.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Second Language Acquisition: Error Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2008

Jack C. Richards
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The collection, classification, and analysis of errors in the written and spoken performance of second or foreign language learners has had a role in language pedagogy since at least the 1950s. However, in the late 60s, and paticularly in the 70s, the study of errors in non-native language performance, or Errors Analysis (EA), assumed a new role in applied linguistics. A more rigorous methodology for EA developed, and it was applied to new issues and questions within second language acquisition research. Yet, by 1980, EA was largely considered a transitional development in applied linguistics. This review considers the nature, development, and achievements of Error Analysis in the period from 1970 to 1980. We will consider EA from three perspectives, reviewing the use of Error Analysis: (1) to account for linguistic competence; (2) to identify learning processes and strategies, and (3) to provied input to language pedagogy.

Type
Psycholinguistics
Information
Annual Review of Applied Linguistics , Volume 1 , March 1980 , pp. 91 - 107
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1980

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

UNANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Allwright, , Richard, . (ed.) 1975. Working papers: Language teaching classroom research. Department of Language and Linguistics: University of Essex.Google Scholar
Allwright, , Richard, . 1975. Problems in the study of the language teacher's treatment of error. Paper presented at the TESOL convention. Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Angelis, , Paul, J. 1975. Sentence combining, error analysis, and the teaching of writing. In Burt and Dulay, 1975. 292–299.Google Scholar
Bailey, , Charles, -J. N. and Shuy, Roger W.. (eds.) 1973. New ways of analysing variation in English. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Basball, , Hans, and Mey, Jacob. In press. Papers from the fourth Scandinavian conference of linguistics. Odense University.Google Scholar
Bell, , Roger, . 1974. Error analysis: A recent pseudo procedure in applied linguistics. ITL. 23.35–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, , Douglas, H., Yorio, Carlos, and Crymes, Ruth. (eds.) 1977. On TESOL 1977. Washington, D.C.: TESOL.Google Scholar
Bruton, , Anthony, and Samuda, Virginia. In press. Learner and teacher roles in the treatment of oral error in group work. RELC journal.Google Scholar
Burt, , Mariana, K. and Dulay, Heidi. (eds.) 1975. On TESOL 1975. Washington: D.C.: TESOL.Google Scholar
Burt, , Mariana, K. and Dulay, Heidi, and Finocchiaro, Mary. (eds.) 1977. Viewpoints on English as a second language. New York: Regents.Google Scholar
Burt, , Mariana, K. and Dulay, Heidi, and Eduardo, Ch. Hernandez. 1975. Bilingual syntax measure. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.Google Scholar
Burt, , Marina, and Kiparsky, Carol. 1974. Global and local mistakes. In Schumann, J. and Stenson, N.. (eds.) New frontiers in second language learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Cancino, , Herlinda, , Rosansky, Ellen J., and Schumann, John H.. 1974. Testing hypoteses about second language acquisition: The copula and the negative in three subjects. Working papers in bilingualism. 3.80–96.Google Scholar
Cathcart, , Ruth, L. and Judy, E. W. B. Olsen. 1976. Teachers' and students' preferences for correction of classroom conversation errors. Paper presented at the TESOL conference. New York.Google Scholar
Chaudron, , Craig, . 1977. A descriptive model of discourse in the corrective treatment of learner' errors. Language learning. 27.1.29–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chesterman, , Andrew, . 1977. Error analysis and the learner's linguistic repertoire. In Reports from the department of English. University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. 4.45–58.Google Scholar
Christ, H. and Piepho, H. E.. (eds.) 1977. KongreBdokumentation der 7: Arbeitstagung der Fremdsprachendidaktiker. Limburg: Frankonius.Google Scholar
Cohen, , Andrew, . 1975. Error correction and the training of language teachers. Modern language journal. 59.414–422.Google Scholar
Cohen, , Andrew, and Robbins, Margaret. 1976. Towards assessing interlanguage performance: The relationship between selected errors, learners' characteristics and learners' expectations. Language learning. 26.1.45–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corder, , Pit, S.. 1967. The significance of learners' errors. IRAL. 5.4. 161–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corder, , Pit, S.. 1975. Error analysis, interlanguage, and second language acquisition. Language teaching and linguistics. 8.201–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corder, , Pit, S.. 1977. Simple codes and the source of the second language learner's initial heuristic hypothesis. Studies in second language acquisition. 1.1.1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corder, , Pit, S.. 1978. Language–learner language. In Richards, Jack C.. (ed.) Understanding second and foreign language learning: Issues and approaches. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Corder, , Pit, S.. 1979. Language distance and the magnitude of the learning task. Studies in second language acquisition. 2.1.27–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corder, , Pit, S., and Roulet, Eddy. (eds.) 1975. Linguistic insights in applied linguistics. Brussels: AIMAV.Google Scholar
Camp, De, David, . 1971. Implicational scales and socialinguistic linearity. Linguistics. 73.30–43.Google Scholar
Dickerson, , Lonna, J.. 1975. The learner's interlanguage as a system of variable rules. TESOL quarterly. 9.4.401–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dittmar, , Norbert, . n.d. Ordering adult learners according to language abilities. n.p.Google Scholar
Dulay, , Heidi, and Burt, Marina K.. 1974b. Errors and strategies in child second language acquisition. TESOL quarterly. 8.2.129–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dulay, , Heidi, and Burt, Marina K.. 1974c. Natuarl sequences in child second language acquisition. Language learning. 24.1.37–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dusǩova, , Libuše, . 1969. On sources of errors in foreign languages. IRAL. 7.1.11–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edmondson, , Willis, . 1977. Gambits in foreign language teaching. In Christ, H. and Piepho, H. E.. (eds.) KongreBdokumentation der 7: Arbeitstagung der Fremdsprachendidaktiker. Limburg: Frankonius. 45–48.Google Scholar
Ervin-Tripp, S. 1974. Is second language learning like the first?. TESOL quarterly. 8.2.111–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faerch, , Claus, . 1978a. Verbal complementation in Danish, English, and the interlanguage of Danish learners in English. Paper presented at the 5th International Congress of Applied Linguistics. Montreal.Google Scholar
Faerch, , Claus, . 1978b. Language learning studies: A survey of some recent research studies. Occasional papers: 1976–1977. Department of English, University of Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Fanselow, , John, F. 1977. The treatment of error in oral work. Foreign language annals. 10.583–593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fathman, , Anne, K. 1975. Age, language background, and the order of acquisition of English structures. Paper presented at the TESOL conference, Los Angles.Google Scholar
Ferguson, , Charles, A. 1971. Towards a characterization of English foreigner talk. Anthropological linguistics. 17.1–14.Google Scholar
Flick, , William, C. 1978a. Disfluency phenomena in L2 speech behavior. Paper presented at the M.L.A. meeting, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Flick, , William, C. 1978b. A multiple component approach to research in second language acquisition. Paper presented at the TESOL convention, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Flick, , William, C. and Carrel, Patricia L.. 1978. Acquisition of indirect requests in ESL. Paper presented at the TESOL convention, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Freed, , Barbara, . 1978. Talking to foreigners versus talking to children: similarities and differences. Paper presented at the Los Angeles Second Language Research Forum.Google Scholar
Gatbonton, , Elizabeth, . 1975. Systematic variations in second language speech: A socialinguistic study. McGill University, Ph.D. diss.Google Scholar
Gumperz, , John, and Roberts, Celia. 1978. Developing awareness skills for interethnic communication. Middlesex: National Centre for Industrial Training.Google Scholar
Hakuta, , Kenji, and Cancinco, Herlinda. 1977. Trends in second–language acquisition research. Harvard educational review. 48.3.294–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatch, , Evelyn, . (ed.) 1978. Second language acquisition: A book of readings.. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Heidelberger Forschungsprojekt: Pidgin-deutsch. 1978. Acquisition of German by foreign workers. In Sankoff, D. (ed.) Linguistic variation: Models and methods. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Henning, , Alice, Carol (ed.) 1977. Proceedings of the Los Angeles second language research forum. Los Angeles: UCLA.Google Scholar
Hornby, , Peter, . (ed.) 1977. Bilingualism: Psychological, social, and educational implications. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hyltenstam, , Kenneth, . 1977. Implicational patterns in interlanguage syntax variation. Language learning. 27.2.383–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, , Carl, . 1974. Linguistic measures for error gravity. Audio-visual language journal. 12.1.2–9.Google Scholar
Jarvis, , Gilbert, . (ed.) 1975. Perspective: A new freedom. Stokie, IL: National textbook Company.Google Scholar
Johansson, , Stig, . 1973. The identification and evaluation of errors in foreign languages: A functional approach. In Svartik, Jan. Errata: Papers in error analysis. Lund: C. K. W. Gleerup. 102–114.Google Scholar
Johansson, , Stig, . (ed.) 1975. Papers in contrastive linguistics and language testing. Lund: C. K. W. Gleerup.Google Scholar
Jordens, , Peter, . 1979. Case errors in German as a foreign language. Working papers in TESL. Los Angeles: UCLA. 12.69–102Google Scholar
Kaplan, , Robert, B. Forthcoming. Contrastive rhetoric: Some implications for the writing process. Proceedings of the Canadian Council of Teachers of English Convention, 1979. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Kasper, , Gabriele, , 1979. Errors in speech act realization and use of gambits. The Canadian modern language review. 35.395–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, , Joel, T. 1977. Foreigner talk input in child second language acquisition: Its form and function over time. In Henning, C. A. (ed.) Proceedings of the Los Angeles language research form. UCLA.Google Scholar
Kellerman, , Eric, . 1974. Elicitation, lateralization, and error analysis. York papers in linguistics: 4. University of York. 165–189.Google Scholar
Kellerman, , Eric, . 1977. Towards the characterization of the strategy of transfer in second language learning. Interlanguage studies bulletin. 2.1.58–146Google Scholar
Kellerman, , Eric, . 1978. Giving the learners a break: Natural language intuitions as a source of predictions about transferability. Working papers in bilingualism. 15.59–93.Google Scholar
Krashen, , Stephen, D. 1977. The monitor model for adult second language performace. In Burt, M. et al. , (eds.) Viewpoints on English as a second language. New York: Regents. 152–161.Google Scholar
Larsen-Freeman, , Diane, . 1975. The acquisition of grammatical morphemes by adult second language students. TESOL quarterly. 9.4.409–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLaughlin, , Barry, . 1978. Second language acquisiton in childhood. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Milon, , John, . 1974. The development of negation in English by a second language learner. TESOL quarterly. 8.2.137–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrissey, M. D.. 1979. A typology of errors in non-finite verb complementation. Linguistische Berichte.Google Scholar
Naiman, , Neil, , 1974. The use of elicited imitation in second language acquisition research. Working papers in bilingualism. 3.1–37.Google Scholar
Nemser, , William, . 1971. Approximative systems of foreign language learners. IRAL. 9.2.115–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noss, , Richard, B. 1979. Mistakes, mismatches, and gaps. RELC journal. 10.1.1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, , Leslie, . 1973. A preliminary report on a study of the linguistic correlates of raters' subjective judgements of non-native English speech. In Shuy, R. and Fasold, R. W.. (eds.) Language attitudes: Current trends and prospects. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Phillipson, , Robert, . 1978. The intonation of Danes speaking English. Working papers: 17. Lund: Phonetics Laboratory, Lund University.Google Scholar
Platt, , John, T. 1977. English past tense acquisition by Singaporeans–– implicational scaling versus group averages of marked forms. ITL. 38.63–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, , Jack, C. 1971a. Error analysis and second language strategies. Language sciences. 17.1.12–22.Google Scholar
Richards, , Jack, C. (ed.) 1974. Error analysis: Perspectives on second language acquisition. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Richards, , Jack, C. 1975. Simplification: A strategy in the adult acquisition of a foreign language. Language learning. 25.1.115–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, , Jack, C. (ed.) 1978. Understanding second and foreign language learning: Issues and approaches. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Richards, , Jack, C. 1979. Introducing the perfect: An exercise in pedagogic grammar. TESOL quarterly. 13.4.495–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rutherford, , William, E. 1980. Functions of grammar in a language teaching syllabus.. To appear in Studies in language learning. University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Sajavaara, , Kari, . 1977. Contrastive linguistics past and present and a communicative approach. In Reports form the Department of English: 4. University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.Google Scholar
Sankoff, , David, . (ed.) 1978. Linguistic variation: Models and methods. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Schachter, , Jacquelyn, and Rutherford, William. 1979. Discourse function and language transfer. Working papers in bilingualism. 19.1–12.Google Scholar
Schmidt, , Richard, and Richards, Jack C.. 1980. Speech acts and second language learning. Applied linguistics. In press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schumann, , John, H. 1978. The pidginization process: A model for second language acquisition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Schumann, , John, H. and Stenson, Nancy. (eds.) 1974. New frontiers in second language learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Schwartz, , Joan, . 1977. Extralinguistic features in conversational repairs of adult second language learners. In Henning, C. A. (ed.) Proceedings of the Los Angeles second language acquisition forum. Los Angeles: UCLA.Google Scholar
Scollon, , Ron, and Suzanne, B. K. Scollon. 1979. Athabaskan–English interethnic communication. ms.Google Scholar
Segalowitz, , Norman, and Gatbonton, Elizabeth. 1977. Studies of the non-fluent bilingual. In Hornby, P. (ed.) Bilingualism: Psycholigical, social, and educational implications. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Selinker, , Larry, , Swain, Merrill, and Dumas, Guy. 1975. The interlanguage hypothesis extended to children. Language learning. 25.1.139–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaughnessy, , Mina, . 1977. Errors and expectations: A guide for the teaching of basic writing. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shuy, , Roger, W. and Fasold, Ralph W.. (eds.) 1973. Language attitudes: Current trends and pprospects. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Stenson, , Nancy, . 1974. Induced errors. In Schuamann, J. and Stenson, N. (eds.) New frontiers in second language learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Suppes, P. 1970. Probabilistic grammars for natural languages. Synthese. 22.95–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svartik, , 01. 1973. Errata: Papers in error analysis. Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup.Google Scholar
Swain, , Merrill, , Dumas, Guy, and Naiman, Neil. 1974. Alternatives to spontaneous speech: Elicited imitation and imitation as indicators of second language competence. Working papers in bilingualism. 3.68–79.Google Scholar
Tarone, , Elaine, , Cohen, Andrew, and Dumas, Guy. 1976. A closer look at some interlanguage terminology: A framework for communication strategies. Working papers in bilingualism. 9.76–91.Google Scholar
Taylor, , Barry, . 1975. The use of overgeneralization and transfer lerarning strategies by elementary and intermediate students in ESL. Language learning. 25.1.73–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traugott, , Elizabeth, . 1973. Some thoughts on natural syntactic processes. In Bailey, C-J. N. and Shuy, R. W. (eds.) New ways of analysing variation in English. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Valdman, , Albert, . 1975. Error analysis and pedagogical ordering. In Corder, S. P. and Roulet, E. (eds.) Linguistic ingsights in applies linguistics. Brusseles: AIMAV. 105–126.Google Scholar
Wilkins, , David, A. 1972. Linguistics in language teaching. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Wode, , Henning, . 1976. Developmental sequences in naturalistic L2 acquisition. Working papers in bilingualism. 11.1–31.Google Scholar
Wolfson, , Nessa, . 1979. Let's have lunch sometime: Perceptions of insicncerity. Paper presented at the TESOL convention, Boston.Google Scholar
Yasuda, , Masami, . 1978. Recent trends in error analysis and its pedagogical implications. Kwansei Gakuin University Annual Studies. 27.41–55.Google Scholar
Zydatiss, , Wolfgang, . 1974. A “kiss of life” for the notion of error. IRAL. 12.3.234–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar