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New World Origins : A Reappraisal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Extract

It has been the general assumption that all the oldest New World cultures were direct importations from Asia–more specifically, from Siberia–and that the prototypes for their distinctive features must be sought in this latter area. A number of successive migrations by very different groups have been taken for granted to account for the varied archaeological picture in Palaeo-Indian times, to say nothing of the subsequent linguistic and physical diversity, but any contacts with the Old World on the Neo-Indian horizon have been generally viewed with suspicion. No specific evidence in support of this viewpoint has ever been adduced, it is true, but so long as Siberia remained a terra incognita, it was assumed that the proofs must be there, awaiting only the spade of the excavator. The proposition was argued, as it were, on the grounds of historical necessity.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd 1959

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References

(1)The most recent authoritative mapping of Siberian glaciations will be found in the Bol’shaia Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia, 2nd ed., vol. 47 (1957), facing p. 240.Google Scholar
(2)See the author’s ‘Neolithic Culture Areas of Northern Asia: a Preliminary Definition’, in Proceedings, V. Internationaler Kongress für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Hamburg, 1958 (in press).Google Scholar
(3)Summarized most recently in ‘An Outline of the Prehistory of Siberia. Part I. The Pre-Metal Periods’, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 133 (Albuquerque, 1958).Google Scholar
(4)For an admirable survey of this subject, see Wormington, H. M., Ancient Man in North America (4th ed.), Denver Museum of Natural History (1957).Google Scholar
(5) Birdsell, Joseph B.. ‘The early Peopling of the Americas as Viewed from Asia’, in Laughlin, William S. and Washburn, S. L. (eds.), Physical Anthropology of the American Indian, pp. 168 (1951).Google Scholar
(6) Maringer, John. ‘A Stone Industry of Patjitanian Tradition from Central Japan’, Kokogaku Zasshi, vol. 42, no. 2 (Tokyo, 1957).Google Scholar
(7)The best survey to date will be found in Sosuke Sugihara (ed.), ‘Jomon Bunka’, vol. 3 of the Nihon Kokogaku Koza (Tokyo, 1956), ch. 1.Google Scholar
(8) Cf. Coon, Carleton S.. ‘An Anthropogeographic Excursion Around the World’, American Anthropological Association Memoir, no. 86 (1958), pp. 323.Google Scholar
(9)Summarized in the author’s ‘Mesolithic Sites in Siberia’, Asian Perspectives (Bulletin of the Far Eastern Prehistory Association), vol. 2, no. 1 (Tucson, 1958).Google Scholar
(10)See Okladnikov, A. P. in Vestnik Drevnei Istorii, 1951, no. 4, pp. 16274 (Moscow). No fuller account is yet available of the latest Soviet work in Mongolia.Google Scholar