Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T11:37:23.924Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Preclassic Maya caches in residential contexts: variation and transformation in deposition practices at Ceibal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2019

Jessica MacLellan*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, 3302 WWPH, Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA (Email: jam581@pitt.edu)

Abstract

While Maya public rituals are often assumed to have developed from domestic practices, caches at Ceibal in Guatemala demonstrate the concurrent emergence of distinct domestic and public rituals. During the Middle Preclassic period (c. 1000–350 BC), caches in domestic areas were associated with construction phases—deposited on floors or within construction fills. In the public plaza, however, caches were deposited in intrusive pits. Later, domestic and public ritual practices became more similar. By focusing on deposition processes and deposit context, rather than content, it is possible to recognise distinct ritualised activities that are sometimes obscured by predefined categories such as ‘cache’.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd, 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aimers, J.J. & Rice, P.M.. 2006. Astronomy, ritual, and the interpretation of Maya ‘E-Group’ architectural assemblages. Ancient Mesoamerica 17: 7996. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956536106060056Google Scholar
Aoyama, K., Inomata, T., Pinzón, F. & Palomo, J.M.. 2017a. Polished greenstone celt caches from Ceibal: the development of Maya public rituals. Antiquity 91: 701–17. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2017.44Google Scholar
Aoyama, K., Inomata, T., Triadan, D., Pinzón, F., Palomo, J.M., MacLellan, J. & Sharpe, A.. 2017b. Early Maya ritual practices and craft production: late Middle Preclassic ritual deposits containing obsidian artifacts at Ceibal, Guatemala. Journal of Field Archaeology 42: 408–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2017.1355769Google Scholar
Aveni, A.F., Dowd, A.S. & Vining, B.. 2003. Maya calendar reform?: evidence from orientations of specialized architectural assemblages. Latin American Antiquity 14: 159–78. https://doi.org/10.2307/3557593Google Scholar
Awe, J.J. 1992. Dawn in the land between the rivers: formative occupation at Cahal Pech, Belize, and its implications for Preclassic development in the Maya lowlands. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of London.Google Scholar
Becker, M.J. 1992. Burials as caches; caches as burials: a new interpretation of the meaning of ritual deposits among the Classic Period lowland Maya, in Danien, E.C. & Sharer, R.J. (ed.) New theories on the ancient Maya (University Museum Monograph 77): 185–96. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. 1982. The destruction of wealth in later prehistory. Man 17: 108–22. https://doi.org/10.2307/2802104Google Scholar
Bradley, R. 2005. Ritual and domestic life in prehistoric Europe. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bronk Ramsey, C. 1995. Radiocarbon calibration and analysis of stratigraphy: the OxCal program. Radiocarbon 37: 425–30. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200030903Google Scholar
Brown, M.K., Awe, J.J. & Garber, J.F.. 2018. Ideology, religion, & ritual in social complexity in the Belize River Valley, in Brown, M.K. & Bey, G.J. III (ed.) Pathways to complexity: a view from the Maya lowlands: 87116. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813054841.003.0005Google Scholar
Burham, M. & MacLellan, J.. 2014. Thinking outside the plaza: ritual practices in Preclassic Maya residential groups at Ceibal, Guatemala. Antiquity Project Gallery 88(340). Available at: https://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/burham340 (accessed 25 July 2019). https://doi.org/10.1017/laq.2019.15Google Scholar
Chase, D.Z. & Chase, A.F.. 1998. The architectural context of caches, burials, and other ritual activities of the Classic period Maya (as reflected at Caracol, Belize), in Houston, S.D. (ed.) Function and meaning in Classic Maya architecture: 299332. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.Google Scholar
Clark, J.E. & Hansen, R.D.. 2001. The architecture of early kingship: comparative perspectives on the origins of the Maya royal court, in Inomata, T. & Houston, S.D. (ed.) Royal courts of the ancient Maya: volume 2, data and case studies: 145. Boulder (CO): Westview. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429497537-1Google Scholar
Coe, W.R. 1965. Caches and offertory practices of the Maya lowlands, in Willey, G.R. (ed.) Handbook of Middle American Indians, volume 2: 462–48. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Drucker, P., Heizer, R.F. & Squier, R.J.. 1959. Excavations at La Venta, Tabasco, 1955 (Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology 170). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.Google Scholar
Estrada-Belli, F. 2006. Lightning sky, rain, and the maize god: the ideology of Preclassic Maya rulers at Cival, Petén, Guatemala. Ancient Mesoamerica 17: 5778. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956536106060068Google Scholar
Freidel, D.A., Chase, A.F., Dowd, A.S. & Murdock, J. (ed.). 2017. Maya E Groups: calendars, astronomy, and urbanism in the early lowlands. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813054353.001.0001Google Scholar
Garber, J.F., Driver, W.D., Sullivan, L.A. & Glassman, D.M.. 1998. Bloody bowls and broken pots: the life, death, and rebirth of a Maya house, in Mock, S.B. (ed.) The sowing and the dawning: termination, dedication, and transformation in the archaeological and ethnographic record of Mesoamerica: 125–34. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Goody, J. 1958. The developmental cycle in domestic groups. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Halperin, C.T. 2017. Temporalities of Late Classic to Postclassic (ca. AD 600–1521) Maya figurines from central Petén, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity 28: 515–40. https://doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.38Google Scholar
Hammond, N. (ed.). 1991. Cuello: an early Maya community in Belize. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Harrison-Buck, E. 2004. Nourishing the animus of lived space through ritual caching, in McAnany, P.A. (ed.) K'axob: ritual, work, and family in an ancient Maya village: 6585. Los Angeles (CA): Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.Google Scholar
Inomata, T. 2017. Emergence of standardized spatial plans in southern Mesoamerica: chronology and inter-regional interaction viewed from Ceibal, Guatemala. Ancient Mesoamerica 28: 329–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956536117000049Google Scholar
Inomata, T. & Triadan, D.. 2015. Middle Preclassic caches from Ceibal, Guatemala, in Golden, C., Houston, S. & Skidmore, J. (ed.) Maya archaeology 3: 5691. San Francisco (CA): Precolumbia Mesoweb.Google Scholar
Inomata, T., Triadan, D., Aoyama, K., Castillo, V. & Yonenobu, H.. 2013. Early ceremonial constructions at Ceibal, Guatemala, and the origins of lowland Maya civilization. Science 340: 467–71. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1234493Google Scholar
Inomata, T., MacLellan, J., Triadan, D., Munson, J., Burham, M., Aoyama, K., Nasu, H., Pinzón, F. & Yonenobu, H.. 2015a. Development of sedentary communities in the Maya lowlands: coexisting mobile groups and public ceremonies at Ceibal, Guatemala. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 112: 4268–73. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501212112Google Scholar
Inomata, T., MacLellan, J. & Burham, M.. 2015b. The construction of public and domestic spheres in the Preclassic Maya lowlands. American Anthropologist 117: 519–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.12285Google Scholar
Inomata, T., Triadan, D., MacLellan, J., Burham, M., Aoyama, K., Palomo, J.M., Yonenobu, H., Pinzón, F. & Nasu, H.. 2017a. High-precision radiocarbon dating of political collapse and dynastic origins at the Maya site of Ceibal, Guatemala. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 114: 1293–98. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618022114Google Scholar
Inomata, T., Pinzón, F., Palomo, J.M., Sharpe, A., Ortíz, R., Méndez, M.B. & Román, O.. 2017b. Public ritual and interregional interactions: excavations of the Central Plaza of Group A, Ceibal. Ancient Mesoamerica 28: 203–32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956536117000025Google Scholar
Kosakowsky, L.J., Novotny, A.C., Keller, A.H., Hearth, N.F. & Ting, C.. 2012. Contextualizing ritual behavior: caches, burials, and problematical deposits from Chan's community center, in Robin, C. (ed.) Chan: an ancient Maya farming community: 289308. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813039831.003.0015Google Scholar
Lee, D. 1996. Nohoch Na (the Big House): the 1995 excavations at the Cas Pek Group, Cahal Pech, Belize, in Healy, P.F. & Awe, J.J. (ed.) Belize Valley Preclassic Maya Project: report on the 1995 field season (Occasional Papers in Anthropology 12): 7797. Peterborough (ON): Trent University.Google Scholar
Lee, D. & Awe, J.J.. 1995. Middle Formative architecture, burials, and craft specialization: report on the 1994 investigations at the Cas Pek Group, Cahal Pech, Belize, in Healy, P.F. & Awe, J.J. (ed.) Belize Valley Preclassic Maya Project: report on the 1994 field season (Occasional Papers in Anthropology 10): 95115. Peterborough (ON): Trent University.Google Scholar
Lowe, G.W. 1981. Olmec horizons defined in Mound 20, San Isidro, Chiapas, in Benson, E.P. (ed.) The Olmec and their neighbors: essays in memory of Matthew W. Stirling: 231–56. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.Google Scholar
Lucero, L.J. 2003. The politics of ritual: the emergence of Classic Maya rulers. Current Anthropology 44: 523–58. https://doi.org/10.1086/375870Google Scholar
MacLellan, J. 2019a. Households, ritual, and the origins of social complexity: excavations at the Karinel Group, Ceibal, Guatemala. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
MacLellan, J. 2019b. Preclassic Maya houses and rituals: excavations at the Karinel Group, Ceibal. Latin American Antiquity 30: 415–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/laq.2019.15Google Scholar
Mock, S.B. (ed.). 1998. The sowing and the dawning: termination, dedication and transformation in the archaeological and ethnographic record of Mesoamerica. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Newman, S.E. 2018. Rubbish, reuse, and ritual at the ancient Maya site of El Zotz, Guatemala. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 26: 806–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-018-9388-9Google Scholar
Pendergast, D.M. 1998. Intercessions with the gods: caches and their significance at Altun Ha and Lamanai, Belize, in Mock, S.B. (ed.) The sowing and the dawning: termination, dedication, and transformation in the archaeological and ethnographic record of Mesoamerica: 5563. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Reimer, P.J. et al. 2013. IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50 000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon 55: 1869–87. https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947Google Scholar
Ringle, W.M. 1999. Pre-classic cityscapes: ritual politics among the early lowland Maya, in Grove, D.C. & Joyce, R.A. (ed.) Social patterns in Pre-Classic Mesoamerica: 183223. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.Google Scholar
Sabloff, J.A. 1975. Excavations at Seibal, Department of Petén, Guatemala: ceramics (Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 13). Cambridge (MA): Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.Google Scholar
Schiffer, M.B. 1987. Formation processes of the archaeological record. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Smith, A.L. 1972. Excavations at Altar de Sacrificios: architecture, settlement, burials, and caches (Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 62). Cambridge (MA): Harvard University.Google Scholar
Smith, A.L. 1982. Excavations at Seibal, Department of Petén, Guatemala: major architecture and caches (Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 15). Cambridge (MA): Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.Google Scholar
Stanton, T.W., Brown, M.K. & Pagliaro, J.B.. 2008. Garbage of the gods? Squatters, refuse disposal, and termination rituals among the ancient Maya. Latin American Antiquity 19: 227–47. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1045663500007938Google Scholar
Taube, K.A. 2000. Lightning celts and corn fetishes: the Formative and the development of maize symbolism in Mesoamerica and the American Southwest, in Clark, J.E. & Pye, M.E. (ed.) Olmec art and archaeology in Mesoamerica (Studies in the History of Art 58): 297338. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art.Google Scholar
Tourtellot, G. 1988. Excavations at Seibal, Department of Petén, Guatemala: peripheral survey and excavation, settlement and community patterns (Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 16). Cambridge (MA): Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.Google Scholar
Triadan, D., Castillo, V., Inomata, T., Palomo, J.M., Méndez, M.B., Cortave, M., MacLellan, J., Burham, M. & Ponciano, E.. 2017. Social transformations in a Middle Preclassic community: elite residential complexes at Ceibal. Ancient Mesoamerica 28: 233–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956536117000074Google Scholar
Tsukamoto, K. 2017. Reverential abandonment: a termination ritual at the ancient Maya polity of El Palmar. Antiquity 91: 1630–46. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2017.143Google Scholar
Willey, G.R., Smith, A.L., Tourtellot, G. & Graham, I.. 1975. Excavations at Seibal, Department of Petén, Guatemala: introduction: the site and its settings (Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 13). Cambridge (MA): Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.Google Scholar