Adams, J. K. (1957). Laboratory studies of behavior without awareness. Psychological Bulletin 54:383–405. [CAF, rDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Allport, D. A. (1977) On knowing the meaning of words we are unable to report: The effects of visual masking. In: Attention and performance, vol. 6, ed. Domic, S.. Erlbaum. [taDH, GU]Google Scholar

Allport, D. A. (1980) Patterns and actions: Cognitive mechanisms are content-specific. In: Cognitive psychology: New directions, ed. Claxton, G.. Routledge & Kegan Paul. [taDH]Google Scholar

Allport, D. A., Tipper, S. P. & Chmiel, N. R. J. (in press) Perceptual integration and post-categorical filtering. In: Mechanisms of attention: Attention and performance, vol. 11, ed. Posner, M. I. & Marin, O. S. M.. Erlbaum. [rDH]Google Scholar

Anderson, J. R. (1983) The architecture of cognition. Harvard University Press. [taDH]Google Scholar

Anstis, S. M. (1974). A chart demonstrating variations in acuity with retinal position. Vision Research 14:589–92. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Balota, D. (1983). Automatic semantic activation and episodic memory encoding. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 22:88–104. [DAB, CAF, tarDH, KES]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Balota, D. A., Pollatsek, A. & Rayner, K. (in press) The interaction of contextual constraints and parafoveal visual information in reading. Cognitive Psychology. [KR]Google Scholar

Balota, D. A. & Rayner, K. (1983). Parafoveal visual information and semantic contextual constraints. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 9:726–38. [KR, GU]Google ScholarPubMed

Bateson, G., Jackson, D. D., Haley, J. & Weakland, J. (1956). Toward a theory of schizophrenia. Behavioral Science 1:251–64. [NFD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beatty, J. (1982). Task-evoked pupillary responses, processing load, and the structure of processing resources. Psychological Bulletin 91:276–92. [IF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Beauvillain, C. & Seguí, J. (1983). Rôle du contexte dans la décision lexicale: Rapidité d'établissement d'une facilitation sémantique. L'Année Psychologique 83:39–52. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Becker, C. A. (1980). Semantic context effects in visual word recognition: An analysis of semantic strategies. Memory and Cognition 8:489–512. [THC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bisiach, E. (1985) The (haunted) brain and consciousness. Paper prepared for the workshop “The concept of consciousness in contemporary science,” Como. [EB]Google Scholar

Blanchard, H. E., McConkie, G. W., Zola, D. & Wolverton, G. S. (1984). The time course of visual information utilization during fixations in reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 10:75–89. [GWM]Google ScholarPubMed

Bookbinder, J. & Osman, E. (1979). Attentional strategies in dichotic listening. Memory and Cognition 7:511–20. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bouma, H. (1973). Visual interference in the parafoveal recognition of initial and final letters of words. Vision Research 13:767–82. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bouma, H. (1978) Visual search and reading: Eye movements and functional visual field: A tutorial review. In: Attention and performance, vol. 7, ed. Requin, J.. Erlbaum. [taDH, GWM]Google Scholar

Bradshaw, J. L. (1974). Peripherally presented and unreported words may bias the perceived meaning of a centrally fixated homograph. Journal of Experimental Psychology 103:1200–1202. [taDH, GU]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Breitmeyer, B. G. (1980) Unmasking visual masking: A look at the “why” behind the veil of the “how.” Psychological Review 87:52–69. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Breitmeyer, B. G. (1984) Visual masking: An integrative approach. Oxford University Press. [BB, rDH]Google Scholar

Breitmeyer, B. G. & Ganz, L. (1976). Implications of sustained and transient channels for theories of visual pattern masking, saccadic suppression, and information processing. Psychological Review 83:1–36. [BB, LJE, tarDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bridgeman, B. (1971). Metacontrast and lateral inhibition. Psychological Review 78:528–39. [BB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bridgeman, B. (1978). Distributed sensory coding applied to simulations of iconic storage and metacontrast. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 40:605–23. [BB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bridgeman, B. (1980). Temporal response characteristics of cells in monkey striate cortex measured with metacontrast masking and brightness discrimination. Brain Research 196:346–64. [BB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Briscoe, G., Dember, W. N. & Warm, J. S. (1983). Target recovery in visual backward masking: No clear explanation in sight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 9:898–911. [taDH]Google ScholarPubMed

Broadbent, D. E. (1958) Perception and communication. Pergamon. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Broadbent, D. E. (1971) Decision and stress. Academic Press. [WAJ]Google Scholar

Brown, W. P. (1961) Conceptions of perceptual defence. British Journal of Psychology Monograph Supplement no. 35. [RL]Google Scholar

Campion, J. & Latto, R. (1985) What is blindsight? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:000–000. [RL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Campion, J., Latto, R. & Smith, Y. (1983) Is blindsight an effect of scattered light, spared cortex, and near-threshold vision? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6:423–86. [CAF, rDH, RL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carr, T. H. & Bacharach, V. R. (1976). Perceptual tuning and conscious attention: Systems of input regulation in visual information processing. Cognition 4:281–302. [NFD, taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carr, T. H., McCauley, C., Sperber, R. D. & Parmelee, C. M. (1982). Words, pictures, and priming: On semantic activation, conscious identification, and automaticity of information processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 8:757–77. [taDH]Google ScholarPubMed

Cheesman, J. & Merikle, P. M. (1983). Distinguishing conscious from unconscious processes. Paper presented at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Diego. [PPM]Google Scholar

Cheesman, J. & Merikle, P. M. (1984) Priming with and without awareness. Perception and Psychophysics 36:387–95. [THC, tarDH, PPM, KRP, KES, GW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cheesman, J. & Merikle, P. M. (in press) Word recognition and consciousness. In: Reading research: Advances in theory and practice, vol. 5, ed. Besner, D., Waller, T. & MacKinnon, G.. Academic Press. [THC, LJE, CAF, rDH, PPM]Google Scholar

Cherry, E. C. (1953) Some experiments on the recognition of speech with one and two ears. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 25:975–79. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collins, A. M. & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review 82:407–28. [taDH, GU]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Coltheart, M. (1980a) Deep dyslexia: A review of the syndrome. In: Deep dyslexia, ed. Coltheart, M., Patterson, K. & Marshall, J. C.. Routledge & Kegan Paul. [taDH]Google Scholar

Coltheart, M. (1980b) Iconic memory and visible persistence. Perception and Psychophysics 27:183–228. [IF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Conrad, C. (1974). Context effects in sentence comprehension: A study of the subjective lexicon. Memory and Cognition 2:130–38. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cooper, L. M. & Hoskovec, J. (1972). Hypnotic suggestions for learning during stage I REM sleep. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 15:102–11. [RL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Corteen, R. S. & Dunn, D. (1974). Shock-associated words in a nonattended message: A test for momentary awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology 102:1143–44. [RSC, NFD, tarDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Corteen, R. S. & Wood, B. (1972). Autonomic responses to shock-associated words in an unattended channel. Journal of Experimental Psychology 94:308–13. [RSC, tarDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dagenbach, D. & Carr, T. H. (1982) On semantic activation from unidentified and undetected words. Paper presented at the Psychonomic Society Meeting, Minneapolis. [rDH]Google Scholar

Dagenbach, D. & Carr, T. H. (1985) Awareness, attention, and automaticity in perceptual encoding: Conscious influences on unconscious perception. Submitted. [THC]Google Scholar

Dallas, M. & Merikle, P. M. (1976). Semantic processing of nonattended visual information. Canadian Journal of Psychology 30:15–21. [tarDH, GU]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davis, J. C. & Smith, M. C. (1972). Memory for unattended input. Journal of Experimental Psychology 96:380–88. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dawson, M. E. & Schell, A. M. (1982). Electrodermal responses to attended and unattended significant stimuli during dichotic listening. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 8:315–24. [taDH, RSC]Google Scholar

Dawson, M. E. & Schell, A. M. (1983). Lateral asymmetries in electrodermal responses to nonattended stimuli: A reply to Walker and Ceci. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 9:148–50. [taDH]Google Scholar

De Croot, A. M. B. (1983). The range of automatic spreading activation in word priming. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 22:417–36. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dember, W. N. & Purcell, D. G. (1967). Recovery of masked visual targets by inhibition of the masking stimulus. Science 157:1335–37. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dember, W. N., Schwartz, M. & Kocak, M. (1978). Substantial recovery of a masked visual target and its theoretical interpretation. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 11:285–87. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dennis, I. (1977). Component problems in dichotic listening. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 29:437–50. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Deutsch, J. A. & Deutsch, D. (1963). Attention: Some theoretical considerations. Psychological Review 70:80–90. [taDH, WAJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dixon, N. F. (1971) Subliminal perception. McGraw-Hill. [THC, NFD, MHE, CAF, tarDH, PPM, DN]Google Scholar

Dixon, N. F. (1981) Preconscious processing. Wiley. [THC, NFD, CAF, taDH, AJM]Google Scholar

Dixon, N. F. & Henley, S. H. A. (1980) Without awareness. In: Psychology survey no. 3, ed. Jeeves, M. A.. Allen & Unwin. [NFD]Google Scholar

Duncan, J. (1980). The locus of interference in the perception of simultaneous stimuli. Psychological Review 87:272–300. [LJE, taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Duncan, J. (1984). Selective attention and the organization of visual information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 113:501–17. [WAJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Economos, J. (1983). Direct awareness and inference. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6:452–53. [RL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ellis, A. W. & Marshall, J. C. (1978) Semantic errors or statistical flukes? A note on Allport's “On knowing the meaning of words we are unable to report.” Quarterly journal of Experimental Psychology 30:569–75. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Erdelyi, M. H. (1970). Recovery of unavailable perceptual input. Cognitive Psychology 1:99–113. [RCC, MHE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Erdelyi, M. H. (1972). The role of fantasy in the Potzl (emergence) phenomenon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 24:186–90. [MHE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Erdelyi, M. H. (1974). A new look at the new look: Perceptual defence and vigilance. Psychological Review 81:1–25. [RGC, NFD, MHE, taDH, DN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Erdelyi, M. H. (1984) The recovery of unconscious (inaccessible) memories: Laboratory studies of hypermnesia. In: The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory, vol. 18, ed. Bower, G.. Academic Press. [MHE]Google Scholar

Erdelyi, M. H. (1985) Psychoanalysis: Freud's cognitive psychology. W. H. Freeman. [MHE]Google Scholar

Eriksen, B. & Eriksen, C. W. (1974). Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Perception and Psychophysics 16:143–49. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eriksen, C. W. (1958) Unconscious processes. In: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed. Jones, M. R.. University of Nebraska Press. [MHE]Google Scholar

Eriksen, C. W. (1960). Discrimination and learning without awareness: A methodological survey and evaluation. Psychological Review 67:279–300. [CAF, taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Eriksen, C. W. (1966). Temporal luminance summation effects in backward and forward masking. Perception and Psychophysics 1:87–92. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eriksen, C. W. (1980). The use of visual mask may seriously confound your experiment. Perception and Psychophysics 28:89–92. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Eriksen, C. W. & Schultz, D. W. (1978) Temporal factors in visual information processing: A tutorial review. In: Attention and performance, vol. 7, ed. Requin, J.. Erlbaum. [taDH]Google Scholar

Evett, L. J. & Humphreys, G. W. (1981) The use of abstract graphemic information in lexical access. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 33A:325–50. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Feather, B. W. (1965). Semantic generalization of classical conditioned responses: A review. Psychological Bulletin 63:425–41. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Felsten, G. & Wasserman, G. S. (1980). Visual masking: Mechanisms and theories. Psychological Bulletin 88:329–53. [tarDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fiorentini, A. & Maffei, L. (1970). Transfer characteristics of excitation and inhibition in the human visual system. Journal of Neurophysiology 33:285–92. [BB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fischler, I. (1975). Detection and identification of words and letters in simulated visual search of word lists. Memory and Cognition 3:175–82. [IF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fischler, I., Childers, D. G., Achariyapaopan, T. & Perry, N. W. Jr., (in press) Brain potentials during sentence verification: Automatic aspects of comprehension. Biological Psychology. [IF]Google Scholar

Fischler, I. & Goodman, G. O. (1978). Latency of associative activation in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 4:455–70. [IF, taDH]Google Scholar

Fodor, J. A. (1983) The modularity of mind. MIT Press. [IF, rDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ford, J. M., Roth, W. T., Dirks, S. J. & Kopell, B. S. (1973). Evoked potential correlates of signal recognition between and within modalities. Science 181:465–66. [RN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Forster, K. I. (1979) Levels of processing and the structure of the language processor. In: Sentence processing: Psycholinguistic studies presented to Merrill Garrett, ed. Cooper, W. E. & Walker, C. T.. Erlbaum. [IF]Google Scholar

Forster, K. I. & Davis, C. (1984). Repetition priming and frequency attenuation in lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 10:680–98. [LJE]Google Scholar

Forster, P. M. & Govier, E. (1978) Discrimination without awareness? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 30:289–95. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fowler, C. A., Wolford, G., Slade, R. & Tassinary, L. (1981). Lexical access with and without awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 110:341–62. [DAB, THC, CAF, tarDH, KRP, GW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Friedland, R. & Weinstein, W. (1977) Hemi-inattention and hemisphere specialization. In: Advances in neurology: Hemi-inattention and hemisphere specialization, ed. Friedland, R. & Weinstein, W.. Raven Press. [CAF]Google ScholarPubMed

Friedman, R. B. (1980). Identity without form: Abstract representation of letters. Perception and Psychophysics 28:53–60. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gatti, S. W. & Egeth, H. E. (1978). Failure of spatial selectivity in vision. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 11:181–84. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Glucksberg, S. & Cowen, G. N. J. (1970). Memory for nonattended auditory material. Cognitive Psychology 1:149–56. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Glushko, R. (1979). The organization and activation of orthographic knowledge in reading aloud. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 5:674–91. [rDH]Google Scholar

Goldiamond, I. (1958). Indicators of perception: Subliminal perception, subception, unconscious perception: An analysis in terms of psychophysical indicator methodology. Psychological Bulletin 55:373–411. [MHE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Courevitch, V. & Galanter, E. (1967). A significance test for one-parameter isosensitivity functions. Psychometrika 32:25–33. [NAM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Graf, P., Squire, L. R. & Mandler, G. (1984). The information that amnesic patients do not forget. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 10:164–78. [MHE]Google Scholar

Green, D. M. & Swets, J. A. (1974) Signal detection theory and psychophysics. Krieger. [NAM]Google Scholar

Groeger, J. A. (1984a) Preconscious influences on language production. Ph.D. thesis. Queen's University of Belfast. [NFD]Google Scholar

Groeger, J. A. (1984b) Evidence of unconscious semantic processing from a forced error situation. British Journal of Psychology 75:305–14. [NFD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Haber, R. N. (1983a) The inpending demise of the icon: A critique of the concept of iconic storage in visual information processing. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6:1–54. [tarDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Haber, R. N. (1983b) The two visual system hypothesis loses a supporter. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6:453–54. [RL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Haber, R. N. & Erdelyi, M. H. (1967). Emergence and recovery of initially unavailable perceptual material. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 26:618–28. [MHE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Haber, R. N. & Hershenson, M. (1980) The psychology of visual perception. 2d ed.Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [GWM]Google Scholar

Hari, R., Hämäläinen, M., Ilmoniemi, R., Kaukoranta, E., Reinikainen, K., Salminen, J., Alho, K., Näätänen, R. & Sams, M. (1984). Responses of the primary auditory cortex to pitch changes in a sequence of tone pips: Neuromagnetic recordings in man. Neuroscicnce Letters 50:127–32. [RN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Henderson, L. (1982) Orthography and word recognition in reading. Academic Press. [taDH]Google Scholar

Henley, S. H. A. (1984). Unconscious perception re-revisited: A comment on Merikle's (1982) paper. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 22:121–24. [rDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Henley, S. H. A. & Dixon, N. F. (1974). Laterally differences in the effects of incidental stimuli upon evoked imagery. British Journal of Psychology 65:529–36. [NFD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hink, R. F., Hillyard, S. A. & Benson, P. J. (1978). Event-related brain potentials and selective attention to acoustic and phonetic cues. Biological Psychology 6:1–16. [IF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hugdahl, K. (1984). Hemispheric asymmetry and bilateral electrodermal recordings: A review of the evidence. Psychophysiology 21:371–93. [RSC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Humphreys, G. W. (1978). The use of category information in perception. Perception 7:589–604. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Humphreys, G. W. (1981). Direct vs. indirect tests of the information available from masked displays: What visual masking does and does not prevent. British Journal of Psychology 72:323–30. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Humphreys, G. W. (in press) Attention, automaticity and autonomy in visual word processing. In: Reading research: Advances in theory and practice, vol. 5, ed. Besner, D., Waller, T. G. or MacKinnon, G. E.. Academic Press. [LJE]Google Scholar

Humphreys, G. W. & Evett, L. J. (1985). Are there independent lexical and nonlexical routes in word processing? An evaluation of the dual-route theory of reading. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:000–000. [JM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Humphreys, C. W., Evett, L. J. & Quinlan, P. T. (in preparation) Orthographic processes in visual word identification. [LJE]Google Scholar

Humphreys, G. W., Evett, L. J. & Taylor, D. E. (1982). Automatic phonological priming in visual word recognition. Memory and Cognition 10:576–90. [taDH, AJM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Humphreys, G. W., Quinlan, P. T. & Besner, D. (1983) Word repetition effects with masked and unmasked primes. Paper presented to the Experimental Psychology Society, Oxford. [LJE]Google Scholar

Inhoff, A. W. (1982). Parafoveal word perception: A further case against semantic preprocessing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 8:137–45. [taDH, KR, GU]Google ScholarPubMed

Inhoff, A. W. & Posner, M. I. (1985) Unattended processing capacities of normals and parietal patients. Presented at the International Neuropsychological Society Meeting, San Diego. [AWI]Google Scholar

Inhoff, A. W. & Rayner, K. (1980). Parafoveal word perception: A case against semantic preprocessing. Perception and Psychophysics 27:457–64. [taDH, KR, GU]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jacoby, L. L. (1983). Remembering the data: Analyzing interactive processes in reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 22:485–508. [rDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacobson, J. Z. (1974). Interaction of similarity to words of visual masks and targets. Journal of Experimental Psychology 102:431–34. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Johnston, J. C. (1981) Understanding word perception: Clues from studying the word-superiority effect. In: Perception of print: Reading research in experimental psychology, ed. Tzeng, O. J. L. & Singer, H.. Erlbaum. [taDH]Google Scholar

Johnston, W. A. (1978). The intrusiveness of familiar nontarget information. Memory and Cognition 6:38–42. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Johnston, W. A. & Dark, V. J. (1982). In defense of intraperceptual theories of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 8:407–21. [taDH]Google ScholarPubMed

Johnston, W. A. & Heinz, S. P. (1978). Flexibility and capacity demands of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 107:420–35. [taDH, WAJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Johnston, W. A. & Heinz, S. P. (1979). Depth of nontarget processing in an attention task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 5:168–75. [taDH]Google Scholar

Johnston, W. A. & Wilson, J. (1980). Perceptual processing of nontargets in an attention task. Memory and Cognition 8:372–77. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kahneman, D. (1968). Method, findings, and theory in studies of visual masking. Psychological Bulletin 70:404–25. [BB, taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kahneman, D. (1970). Remarks on attention and control. Acta Psychologica 33:118–31. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kahneman, D. (1973) Attention and effort. Prentice-Hall. [taDH]Google Scholar

Kahneman, D. (1975) Effort, recognition and recall in auditory attention. In: Attention and performance, vol. 5, ed. Rabbitt, P. M. A. & Dornic, S.. Academic Press. [taDH]Google Scholar

Kahneman, D. & Chajczyk, D. (1983). Test of the automaticity of reading: Dilution of Stroop effects by color-irrelevant stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 9:497–509. [taDH]Google Scholar

Kahneman, D. & Henik, A. (1981) Perceptual organization and attention. In: Perceptual organization, ed. Kubovy, M. & Pomerantz, J. R.. Erlbaum. [taDH]Google Scholar

Kahneman, D. & Treisman, A. (1984) Changing views of attention and automaticity. In: Varieties of attention, ed. Parasuraman, R. & Davies, D. R.. Academic Press. [tarDH, IF]Google Scholar

Kahneman, D., Treisman, A. & Burkell, J. (1983). The cost of visual filtering. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 9:510–22. [taDH]Google ScholarPubMed

Keele, S. W. (1973) Attention and human performance. Goodyear. [taDH]Google Scholar

Keren, G., O'Hara, W. & Skelton, J. M. (1977). Level of noise processing and attentional control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 3:653–64. [taDH]Google Scholar

Kiger, J. I. & Glass, A. L. (1983). The facilitation of lexical decisions by a prime occurring after the target. Memory and Cognition 11:356–65. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Klapp, S. T. & Lee, P. (1974). Time-of-occurrence cues for “unattended” auditory material. Journal of Experimental Psychology 102:176–77. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Klein, D. B. (1977) The unconscious: Invention or discovery? Goodyear. [IF]Google Scholar

Kristofferson, A. B., Galloway, J. & Hanson, R. G. (1979). Complete recovery of a masked visual target. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 13:5–6. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kutas, M. & Hillyard, S. A. (1980). Reading senseless sentences: Brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity. Science 207:203–05. [RN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

LaBerge, D. (1981) Automatic information processing: A review. In: Attention and performance, vol. 9, ed. Long, J. & Baddeley, A., pp. 173–86. Erlbaum. [taDH]Google Scholar

LaBerge, D. (1983). Spatial extent of attention to letters and words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 9:371–79. [WAJ]Google ScholarPubMed

LaBerge, D. & Samuels, J. (1974). Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading. Cognitive Psychology 6:293–323. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lackner, J. R. & Garrett, M. F. (1972). Resolving ambiguity: Effects of biasing context in the unattended ear. Cognition 1:359–72. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lefton, L. A. & Haber, R. N. (1974). Information extraction from different retinal locations. Journal of Experimental Psychology 102:975–80. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lewis, J. L. (1970). Semantic processing of unattended messages using dichotic listening. Journal of Experimental Psychology 85:225–28. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Liberman, A. M., Harris, K. S., Hoffman, H. S. & Griffin, B. C. (1957). The discrimination of speech sounds within and across phoneme boundaries. Journal of Experimental Psychology 54:358–68. [KRP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lindner, W. A. (1968) Recognition performance as a function of detection criterion in a simultaneous detection-recognition task. journal of the Acoustical Society of America 44:204–11. [rDH, NAM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Loftus, E. F. (1975) Spreading activation within semantic categories: Comments on Rosch's “Cognitive representations of semantic categories.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 104:234–40. [GU]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Luce, R. D. (1963). A threshold theory for simple detection experiments. Psychological Review 70:61–79. [NAM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lupker, S. J. (1979) The semantic nature of response competition in the picture-word interference task. Memory and Cognition 7:485–95. [taDH, GU]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lupker, S. J. & Katz, A. N. (1981). Input, decision, and response factors in picture-word interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 7:269–82. [taDH]Google Scholar

Marcel, A. J. (1978). Unconscious reading: Experiments on people who do not know that they are reading. Visible Language 12:392–404. [taDH, KR]Google Scholar

Marcel, A. J. (1980) Conscious and preconscious recognition of polysemous words: Locating the selective effect of prior verbal context. In: Attention and performance, vol. 8, ed. Nickerson, R. S.. Erlbaum. [THC, LJE, MHE, CAF, tarDH]Google Scholar

Marcel, A. J. (1982) Is cortical blindness a problem of visual function or of visual consciousness? Paper presented at Fifth International Neuropsychology Society European Conference,Deauville. [AJM]Google Scholar

Marcel, A. J. (1983a) Conscious and unconscious perception: Experiments on visual masking and word recognition. Cognitive Psychology 15:197–237. [DAB, THC, MHE, CAF, tarDH, RL, AJM, NAM, JM, KRP, KES]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Marcel, A. J. (1983b) Conscious and unconscious perception: An approach to the relation between phenomenal experience and perceptual processes. Cognitive Psychology 15:238–300. [THC, RGC, MHE, tarDH, RL, AJM, JM, KRP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Marcel, A. J. & Patterson, K. E. (1978) Word recognition and production: Reciprocity in clinical and normal studies. In: Attention and performance, vol. 7, ed. Requin, J., pp. 209–26. Erlbaum. [MHE, taDH]Google Scholar

Marr, D. (1982) Vision. Freeman. [DN]Google Scholar

Marshall, J. C. (1984). Multiple perspectives on modularity. Cognition 17:209–42. [IF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Marshall, J. C. & Newcombe, F. (1966). Syntactic and semantic errors in paralexia. Neuropsychologia 4:169–76. [rDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Marshall, J. C. & Newcombe, F. (1973). Patterns of paralexias: A psycholinguistic approach. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 2:175–99. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McCauley, C., Parmelee, C. M., Sperber, R. D. & Carr, T. H. (1980). Early extraction of meaning from pictures and its relation to conscious identification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 6:265–76. [DAB, tarDH, CW]Google ScholarPubMed

McClelland, J. L. (1976). Preliminary letter identification in the perception of words and nonwords. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2:80–91. [taDH]Google ScholarPubMed

McClelland, J. L. & O'Regan, J. K. (1981). Expectations increase the benefit derived from parafoveal visual information in reading words aloud. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 7:634–44. [KR]Google Scholar

McClelland, J. L. & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An alternative activation model of context effects in letter perception: 1. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review 88:375–407. [LJE, tarDH, DN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McConkie, G. W. (1983) Eye movements and perception during reading. In: Eye, movements in reading: Perceptual and language processes, ed. Rayner, K.. Academic Press. [taDH]Google Scholar

McConkie, G. W., Zola, D., Blanchard, H. E. & Wolverton, G. S. (1982). Perceiving words during reading: Lack of facilitation from prior peripheral exposure. Perception and Psychophysics 32:271–81. [taDH, GWM, KR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

MacKay, D. G. (1973). Aspects of a theory of comprehension, memory and attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 25:22–40. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Merikle, P. M. (1982). Unconscious perception revisited. Perception and Psychophysics 31:298–301. [tarDH, NAM, KES]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Merikle, P. M. (1983). Subliminal perception reaffirmed (Review of Preconscious processing by N. F. Dixon). Canadian Journal of Psychology 37:324–26. [PPM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Merikle, P. M. (1984). Toward a definition of awareness. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 22:449–50. [rDH, PPM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Merikle, P. M. & Gorewich, N. J. (1979). Spatial selectivity in vision: Field size depends upon noise size. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 14:343–46. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meyer, D. E. & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1971). Facilitation in recognizing pairs of words: Evidence of a dependence between retrieval operations. Journal of Experimental Psychology 90:227–34. [taDH, GU]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Meyer, D. E., Schvaneveldt, R. W. & Ruddy, M. G. (1975) Loci of contextual effects on visual word-recognition. In: Attention and performance, vol. 5, ed. Rabbitt, P.M.A. & Dornic, S.. Erlbaum. [taDH]Google Scholar

Michaels, C. & Turvey, M. T. (1979). Central sources of visual masking: Indexing structures supporting seeing at a single, brief glance. Psychological Research 41:1–61. [BB, tarDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moray, N. (1959). Attention in dichotic listening: Affective cues and the influence of instructions. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 11:56–60. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moray, N. (1969) Attention: Selective processes in vision and hearing. Hutchinson Educational. [taDH]Google Scholar

Moray, N. & O'Brien, T. (1967). Signal-detection theory applied to selective listening. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 42:765–72. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Morton, J. (1968) Grammar and computation in language behavior. In: Studies in language and language behavior, ed. Catford, J. C.. Center for Research in Language and Language Behavior, Progress Report No. 6. University of Michigan. [JM]Google Scholar

Morton, J. (1969). The interaction of information in word recognition. Psychological Review 60:329–46. [taDH]Google Scholar

Morton, J. (1982) Disintegrating the lexicon: An information processing approach. In: Perspectives on mental representation, ed. Mehler, J., Walker, E.C.T. & Garrett, M.. Erlbaum. [rDH]Google Scholar

Morton, J. & Patterson, K. (1980) A new attempt at an interpretation, or, an attempt at a new interpretation. In: Deep dyslexia, ed. Coltheart, M., Patterson, K. & Marshall, J. C.. Routledge & Kegan Paul. [rDH]Google Scholar

Mowbray, G. W. (1964). Perception and retention of verbal information presented during auditory shadowing. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 36:1459–64. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mykel, N. & Daves, W. F. (1979). Emergence of unreported stimuli into imagery as a function of laterality of presentation: A replication and extension of research by Henley and Dixon. British Journal of Psychology 70:253–58. [NFD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Näätänen, R. (1984) In search of a short-duration memory trace of a stimulus in the human brain. In: Human action and personality: Essays in honour of Mortti Takala, ed. Pulkkinen, L. & Lyytinen, P.. University of Jyvāskylā. [RN]Google Scholar

Näätänen, R. (in press) Selective attention and stimulus processing: Reflections in event-related potentials, magnetoencephalogram and regional cerebral blood flow. In: Attention and performance, vol. 11, ed. Posner, M. I. & Marin, O. S.. Erlbaum. [RN]Google Scholar

Näätänen, R. & Gaillard, A. W. K. (1983) The N2 deflection of ERP and the orienting reflex. In: EEG correlates of information processing: Theoretical issues, ed. Gaillard, A.W.K. & Ritter, W.. Elsevier. [RN]Google Scholar

Näätänen, R., Gaillard, A. W. K. & Mäntysalo, S. (1978). Early selective attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted. Acta Psychologica 42:313–29. [RN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Näätänen, R., Gaillard, A. W. K. & Mäntysalo, S. (1980) Brain potential correlates of voluntary and involuntary attention. In: Motivation, motor and sensory processes of the Brain: Electrical potentials, behaviour and clinical use, Progress in Brain Research 54, ed. Komhuber, H. H. & Deecke, L.. Elsevier. [RN]Google Scholar

Näätänen, R., Sams, M. & Alho, K. (in press) The mismatch negativity: The ERP sign of a cerebral mismatch process. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, supplement. [RN]Google Scholar

Näätänen, R., Simpson, M. & Loveless, N. E. (1982). Stimulus deviance and evoked potentials. Biological Psychology 14:53–98. [RN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Naish, P. (1980). The effects of graphemic and phonemic similarity between targets and masks in a backward visual masking paradigm. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 32:57–68. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Navon, D. (1984) Resources - A theoretical soup stone? Psychological Review 91:216–34. [tarDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Navon, D. & Gopher, D. (1979). On the economy of the human processing system. Psychological Review 86:214–55. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Neely, J. H. (1976). Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: Evidence for facilitatory and inhibitory processes. Memory and Cognition 4:648–54. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Neely, J. H. (1977). Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: Roles of inhibitionless spreading activation and limited-capacity attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 106:226–54. [DAB, THC, NFD, taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Neisser, U. (1967) Cognitive psychology. Prentice-Hall. [taDH, RL]Google Scholar

Neisser, U. (1976) Cognition and reality. Freeman. [taDH]Google Scholar

Newell, A. (1973) You can't play twenty questions with nature and win. In: Visual information processing, ed. Chase, W. G.. Academic Press. [rDH]Google Scholar

Newstead, S. E. & Dennis, I. (1979). Lexical and grammatical processing of unshadowed messages: A reexamination of the Mackay effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 31:477–88. [taDH, RN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ninio, A. & Kahneman, D. (1974). Reaction time in focused and in divided attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology 103:394–99. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Nolan, K. A. & Caramazza, A. (1982). Unconscious perception of meaning: A failure to replicate. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 20:23–26. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Norman, D. A. (1969). Memory while shadowing. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 21:85–93. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Norman, D. A. (1981). Categorization of action slips. Psychological Review 88:1–15. [CAF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Norman, D. A. & Bobrow, D. G. (1975). On data-limited and resource-limited processes. Cognitive Psychology 7:44–64. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Norman, D. A. & Bobrow, D. G. (1976). On the analysis of performance operating characteristics. Psychological Review 83:508–10. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Onifer, W. & Swinney, D. A. (1981). Accessing lexical ambiguities during sentence comprehension: Effects of frequency of meaning and contextual bias. Memory and Cognition 9:225–36. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

O'Regan, J. K., Lévy-Schöen, A., Pynte, J. & Brugaillère, B. (1984). Convenient fixation location within isolated words of different length and structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 10:250–57. [taDH]Google ScholarPubMed

Paap, K. R. (1975) Theories of speech perception. In: Understanding language: An information processing analysis of speech perception, reading, and psycholinguistics, ed. Massaro, D.. Academic Press. [KRP]Google Scholar

Papp, K. R. & Newsome, S. L. (1981). Parafoveal information is not sufficient to produce semantic or visual priming. Perception and Psychophysics 29:467–76. [taDH, GU]Google Scholar

Peterson, L. R. & Kroener, S. (1964). Dichotic stimulation and retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology 68:125–30. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Philpott, A. & Wilding, J. (1979). Semantic interference from subliminal stimuli in a dichoptic viewing situation. British Journal of Psychology 70:559–63. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pickering, J. (1976). The perception of familiar stimuli. Perception 5:251–64. [tarDH, KR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Pollatsek, A., Rayner, K. & Collins, W. E. (1984). Integrating pictorial information across eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 113:426–42. [KR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Posnansky, C. J. & Rayner, K. (1978). Visual vs. phonetic contributions to the importance of the initial letter in word identification. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 11:188–90. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Posner, M. I. (1978). Chronometric explorations of mind. Erlbaum. [taDH]Google Scholar

Posner, M. I. (1982) Cumulative development of attentional theory. American Psychologist 37:168–79. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Posner, M. I. & Snyder, C. R. R. (1975a) Attention and cognitive control. In: Information processing and cognition: The Loyola Symposium, ed. Solso, R. L.. Erlbaum. [THC, NFD, tarDH, WAJ, GU]Google Scholar

Posner, M. I. (1975b) Facilitation and inhibition in the processing of signals. In: Attention and performance, vol. 5, ed. Rabbitt, P.M.A. & Domic, S.. Academic Press. [NFD, tarDH]Google Scholar

Posner, M. I., Snyder, C. R. R. & Davidson, B. J. (1980). Attention and the detection of signals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 109:160–74. [WAJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Posner, M. I., Walker, J., Friedrich, F. & Rafal, B. (1984). Effects of parietal injury on covert orienting of visual attention. Journal of Neuroscience 4:1863–74. [AWI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pötzl, O. (1960) The relationship between experimentally induced dream images and indirect vision. Trans. J. Wolff, D. Rapaport & S. Annin. Psychological Issues 3, Monograph 7, 41–120. (Originally publ. 1917.) [MHE]Google Scholar

Pribram, K. (1969). The neurophysiology of remembering. Scientific American 220:73–86. [CAF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Puccetti, R. (1981). The case for mental duality: Evidence from split-brain data and other considerations. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4:93–123. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Purcell, D. C., Stewart, A. L. & Stanovich, K. K. (1983). Another look at semantic priming without awareness. Perception and Psychophysics 34:65–71. [DAB, THC, tarDH, KRP, KES, GW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pynte, J., Dö, P. & Scampa, P. (1984) Lexical decisions during the reading of sentences containing polysemous words. In: Preparatory states and processes, ed. Kornblum, S. & Requin, J.. Erlbaum. [taDH]Google Scholar

Rayner, K. (1978) Foveal and parafoveal cues in reading. In: Attention and performance, vol. 7, ed. Requin, J.. Erlbaum. [taDH]Google Scholar

Rayner, K. (1984) Visual selection in reading, picture perception, and visual search. In: Attention and performance, vol. 10, ed. Bouma, H. & Bouwhuis, Don G.. Erlbaum. [taDH, KR]Google Scholar

Rayner, K. & Bertera, J. H. (1979). Reading without a fovea. Science 206:468–69. [tarDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rayner, K., McConkie, G. W. & Ehrlich, S. (1978). Eye movements and integrating information across fixations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 4:529–44. [KR]Google ScholarPubMed

Rayner, K., McConkie, G. W. & Zola, D. (1980). Integrating information across eye movements. Cognitive Psychology 12:206–26. [KR]Google ScholarPubMed

Rayner, K. & Morrison, R. E. (1981). Eye movements and identifying words in parafoveal vision. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 17:135–38. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rayner, K. & Posnansky, C. (1978). Stages of processing in word identification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 107:64–80. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Reason, J. (1979) Actions not as planned: The price of automatization. In: Aspects of consciousness: Psychological processes, ed. Underwood, G. & Stevens, R.. Academic Press. [CAF]Google Scholar

Reicher, G. M. (1969). Perceptual recognition as a function of meaningfulness of stimulus material. Journal of Experimental Psychology 81:275–80. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Robinson, D. N. (1966). Disinhibition of visual masked stimuli. Science 154:157–58. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rock, I. & Gutman, D. (1981). The effect of inattention on form perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 7:275–85. [WAJ]Google ScholarPubMed

Rollman, G. B. & Nachmias, J. (1972). Simultaneous detection and recognition of chromatic flashes. Perception and Psychophysics 12:309–14. [rDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rosch, E. (1975). Cognitive representations of semantic categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 104:192–233. [GU]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rosinski, R. R. (1977). Picture-word interference is semantically based. Child Development 48:643–47. [taDH, GU]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rozin, P. (1976) The evolution of intelligence and access to the cognitive unconscious. In: Progress in physiological psychology, vol. 5, ed. Sprague, J. M. & Epstein, A. N.. Academic Press. [THC]Google Scholar

Rumelhart, D. E. & McClelland, J. L. (1982). An interactive interaction model of context effects in letter perception: 2. The contextual enhancement effect and some tests and extensions of the model Psychological Review 89:60–94. [RGC, taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sams, M., Paavilainen, P., Alho, K. & Näätänen, R. (1985) Auditory frequency discrimination and event-related potentials. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. In press. [RN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Scharf, B. (1970) Critical bands. In: Foundations of modern auditory theory, vol. 1, ed. Tobias, J. V.. Academic Press. [NAM]Google Scholar

Scharf, B. & Fuld, K. (1972). Reduction of visual masking by a priming flash. Journal of Experimental Psychology 94:116–18. [DAB, rDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schiepers, C. (1980). Response latency and accuracy in visual word recognition. Perception and Psychophysics 27:71–81. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schneider, W., Dumais, S. T. & Shiffrin, R. M. (1984) Automatic and control processing and attention. In: Varieties of attention, ed. Parasuraman, R. & Davies, D. R.. Academic Press. [taDH]Google Scholar

Schneider, W. & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: 1. Detection, search and attention. Psychological Review 84:1–66. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schvaneveldt, R. W., Meyer, D. E. & Becker, C. A. (1976). Lexical ambiguity, semantic context, and visual word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2:243–56. [taDH]Google ScholarPubMed

Searleman, A. (1977). A review of right hemisphere linguistic capabilities. Psychological Bulletin 84:503–28. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Severance, L. J. & Dyer, F. N. (1973). Failure of subliminal word presentations to generate interference to colour naming. Journal of Experimental Psychology 101:186–89. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shaffer, W. O. & LaBerge, D. (1979). Automatic semantic processing of unattended words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 18:413–26. [taDH, GU]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shevrin, H. & Dickman, S. (1980) The psychological unconscious: A necessary assumption for all psychological theory? American Psychologist 35:421–34. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shiffrin, R. & Schneider, W. (1977) Controlled and automatic human information processing: 2. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review 84:127–90. [taDH, WAJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, F. (1971) Understanding reading. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [GWM]Google Scholar

Smith, G. J. W. & Westerlundh, B. (1980) Perceptgenesis: A process perspective on perception - personality. In Review of personality and social psychology, vol. 1, ed. Wheeler, Ladd. Sage Publications. [NFD]Google Scholar

Smith, M. C. & Burrows, D. (1974). Memory scanning: Effect of unattended input. Journal of Experimental Psychology 102:722–25. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, M. C. & Groen, M. (1974). Evidence for semantic analysis of unattended verbal items. Journal of Experimental Psychology 102:595–603. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, M. C., Theodor, L. & Franklin, P. E. (1983). The relationship between contextual facilitation and depth of processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 9:697–712. [rDH]Google ScholarPubMed

Smith, M. C. & Magee, L. E. (1980). Tracing the time course of picture-word processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 109:373–92. [GU]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Somekh, D. E. & Wilding, J. M. (1973). Perception without awareness in a dichoptic viewing situation. British Journal of Psychology 64:339–49. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sperber, R. D., McCauley, C., Ragain, R. D. & Weil, C. M. (1979). Semantic priming effects on picture and word processing. Memory and Cognition 7:339–45. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sperling, G. (1960). The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied 74:1–29. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sperling, G. (1963). A model for visual memory tasks. Human Factors 5:19–31. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sperling, G. (1967). Successive approximations to a model for short term memory. Acta Psychologica 27:285–92. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sperling, G. & Melchner, M. J. (1978a) The attention operating characteristic: Examples from visual search. Science 202:315–18. [tarDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sperling, G. & Melchner, M. J. (1978b) Visual search, visual attention, and the attention operating characteristic. In: Attention and performance, vol. 7, ed. Requin, J.. Erlbaum. [tarDH]Google Scholar

Squires, N. K., Squires, K. C. & Hillyard, S. A. (1975). Two varieties of long-latency positive waves evoked by unpredictable auditory stimuli in man. Electroenccphalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 38:387–401. [RN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Stanovich, K. E. & West, R. F. (1983). The generalizability of context effects on word recognition: A reconsideration of the roles of parafoveal priming and sentence context. Memory and Cognition 11:49–58. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sternberg, S. (1966). High-speed scanning in human memory. Science 153:652–54. [taDH]Google ScholarPubMed

Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference from unattended printed words. Journal of Experimental Psychology 18:643–62. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Swets, J. A., Tanner, W. & Birdsall, T. G. (1961). Decision processes in perception. Psychological Review 68:301–40. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Swinney, D. A. (1979). Lexical access during sentence comprehension: (Re)consideration of context effects. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 18:645–59. [tarDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Swinney, D. A. (1982) The structure and time-course of information interaction during speech comprehension: Lexical segmentation, access, and interpretation. In: Perspectives on mental representation, ed. Mehler, J., Walker, E.C.T. & Garrett, M.. Erlbaum. [taDH]Google Scholar

Taylor, D. A. (1977). Time course of context effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 106:404–26. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Traub, E. & Geffen, G. (1979). Phonetic and category encoding of unattended words in dichotic listening. Memory and Cognition 7:56–65. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Treisman, A. (1960). Contextual cues in selective listening. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 12:242–48. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Treisman, A. (1964). Monitoring and storage of irrelevant messages in selective attention. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 3:449–59. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Treisman, A. & Geffen, G. (1967) Selective attention: Perception or response? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 19:1–17. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Treisman, A. (1968). Selective attention and cerebral dominance in perceiving and responding to speech messages. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 20:139–50. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Treisman, A., Kahneman, D. & Burkell, J. (1983). Perceptual objects and the cost of filtering. Perception and Psychophysics 33:527–32. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Treisman, A. & Riley, J. G. A. (1969). Is selective attention selective perception or selective response? A further test. Journal of Experimental Psychology 79:27–34. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Treisman, A. M. & Schmidt, H. (1982). Illusory conjunctions in the perception of objects. Cognitive Psychology 14:107–41. [IF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Treisman, A., Squire, R. & Green, J. (1974). Semantic processing in dichotic listening? A replication. Memory and Cognition 2:641–46. [taDH, RH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Tulving, E. (1984). Multiple book review of Elements of episodic memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7:223–68. [rDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tulving, E. & Arbuckle, T. Y. (1963). Sources of intratrial interference in immediate recall of paired associates. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 1:321–34. [IF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Turvey, M. T. (1973). On peripheral and central processes in vision: Interference from an information-processing analysis of masking with patterned stimuli. Psychological Review 80:1–52. [BB, tarDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Turvey, M. T. (1974) Constructive theory, perceptual systems and tacit knowledge. In: Cognition and the symbolic processes, ed. Weimer, W. & Palermo, D.. Erlbaum. [CAF]Google Scholar

Turvey, M. T. (1977). Contrasting orientations to the theory of visual information processing. Psychological Review 84:67–88. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Turvey, M. T. (1978) Visual processing and short-term memory. In: Handbook of learning and cognitive processes, vol. 5: Human information processing, ed. Estes, W. K.. Erlbaum. [BB, tarDH]Google Scholar

Tweedy, J. R., Lapinski, R. H. & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1977). Semantic context effects on word recognition: Influence of varying the proportion of items presented in an appropriate context. Memory and Cognition 5:84–89. [THC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ullman, S. (1980). Against direct perception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:373–45. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Underwood, G. (1976). Semantic interference from unattended printed words. British Journal of Psychology 67:327–38. [tarDH, WAJ, GU]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Underwood, G. (1977a) Contextual facilitation from attended and unattended messages. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal behavior 16:99–106. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Underwood, G. (1977b) Attention, awareness, and hemispheric differences in word recognition. Neuropsychologia 15:61–67. [taDH, GU]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Underwood, G. (1980). Attention and the non-selective lexical access of ambiguous words. Canadian Journal of Psychology 34:72–76. [taDH, GU]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Underwood, G. (1981). Lexical recognition of embedded unattended words: Some implication for reading processes. Acta Psychologica 47:267–83. [tarDH, AWI, GU]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Underwood, G. & Moray, N. (1971). Shadowing and monitoring for selective attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 23:284–95. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Underwood, G., Rusted, J. & Thwaites, S. (1983). Parafoveal words are effective in both hemifields: Preattentive processing of semantic and phonological codes. Perception 12:213–21. [GU]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Underwood, G. & Thwaites, S. (1982). Automatic phonological coding of unattended printed words. Memory and Cognition 10:434–42. [AWI, tarDH, GU]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Underwood, G., Whitfield, A. & Winfield, J. (1982). Effects of contextual constraints and non-fixated words in a simple reading task. Journal of Research in Reading 5:89–100. [taDH]Google Scholar

Von Wright, J. M., Anderson, K. & Stenman, U. (1975) Generalization of conditioned GSRs in dichotic listening. In: Attention and performance, vol. 5, ed. Rabbitt, P.M.A. & Dornic, S.. Academic Press. [taDH]Google Scholar

Wagstaff, G. F. (1981) Hypnosis, compliance and belief. St. Martin's Press. [RL]Google Scholar

Walker, E. & Ceci, S. J. (1983). Lateral asymmetries in electrodermal responses to nonattended stimuli: A response to Dawson and Schell. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 9:145–47. [taDH]Google ScholarPubMed

Walker, P. (1978) Binocular rivalry: Central or peripheral selective processes? Psychological Bulletin 85:376–89. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wardlaw, K. A. & Kroll, N. E. A. (1976). Automatic responses to shock-associated words in a nonattended message: A failure to replicate. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2:357–60. [taDH]Google Scholar

Waugh, N. C. & Norman, D. A. (1965). Primary memory. Psychological Review 72:89–104. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Weiskrantz, L., Warrington, E. K., Sanders, M. D. & Marshall, J. (1974). Visual capacity in the hemianopic field following a restricted occipital ablation. Brain 97:709–28. [EB, CAF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wheeler, D. D. (1970). Processes in word recognition. Cognitive Psychology 1:59–85. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wickens, C. D. (1984a) Processing resources in attention. In: Varieties of attention, ed. Parasuraman, R. & Davies, D. R.. Academic Press. [taDH]Google Scholar

Wickens, C. D. (1984b) Engineering psychology and human performance. Charles Merrill. [IF]Google Scholar

Williams, P. C. & Parkin, A. J. (1980). On knowing the meaning of words we are unable to report - A confirmation of a guessing explanation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 32:101–7. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Willows, D. M. (1974). Reading between the lines: Selective attention in good and poor readers. Child Development 45:408–15. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Willows, D. M. & MacKinnon, G. E. (1973) Selective reading: Attention to the “unattended lines.” Canadian Journal of Psychology 27:292–304. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wolford, G. & Morrison, F. (1980). Processing of unattended visual information. Memory and Cognition 8:521–27. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wood, B. (1973) The effect of pitch distinction and lateral asymmetry in autonomic responding to shock-associated words in a non-attended channel of a dichotic listening task. Master's thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. [RSC]Google Scholar

Yates, J. & Thul, N. (1979). Perceiving surprising words in an unattended auditory channel. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 31:281–86. [taDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zajonc, R. (1962). Response suppression in perceptual defense. Journal of Experimental Psychology 64:206–14. [RGC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Zajonc, R. (1980). Feeling and thinking. American Psychologist 35:151–75. [RGC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zimba, L. D. & Blake, R. (1983). Binocular rivalry and semantic processing: Out of sight, out of mind. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 9:807–15. [taDH]Google Scholar