Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-7jgsp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T23:06:57.635Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Adaptation and the two-visual-systems hypothesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2011

Bruce Bridgeman
Bruce Bridgeman
Affiliation:
Psychology Board of Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, Calif. 95064
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Information

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 2 , Issue 1 , March 1979 , pp. 64 - 65
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1979

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Adams, J. A. Issues for a closed-loop theory of motor learning. In: Stelmach, G. E. (ed.), Motor Control: Issues and Trends. Academic Press, New York, pp. 87–108, 1976. [JK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, J. R.Arguments concerning representations for mental imagery. Psychological Review. 85: 249–277, 1978. [LH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anstis, S. M.Size adaptation to visual texture and print: evidence for spatial-frequency analysis. American Journal of Psychology. 87: 261–267. 1974. [MS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Appelbaum, M. L., Clifton, G. L., Coggeshall, R. E., Coulter, J. D., Vance, W. H., & Willis, W. D.Unmyelinated fibres in the sacral 3 and caudual 1 ventral roots of the cat. Journal of Physiology (London). 256: 557–572, 1976. [KM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Austin, M., Singer, G., & Wallace, M.Three processes which occur during adaptation to transformation of the visual field. Perception. 3: 439–450, 1974. [GS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ayres, A. J.Sensory Integration and Learning Disorders. Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles, 1972. [DF]Google Scholar
Bakan, P. & Weiler, E.Kinesthetic aftereffects and mode of exposure to the inspection stimulus. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 65: 319–320, 1963. [GS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behrens, F. & Grüsser, O.-J. Movement perception and eye movements elicited by stationary visual patterns illuminated by intermittent flashes. In: Kommerell, -G. (ed.), Disorders of Ocular Motility. Bergmann, Munich, pp. 273–283, 1978. [VH]Google Scholar
Bentley, A. F.Inquiry into Inquiries. Beacon, Boston, 1954. [MT]Google Scholar
Bernstein, N.The Coordination and Regulation of Movement. Pergamon, New York, 1967. [JK]Google Scholar
Bower, T. G. R.Development in Infancy. Freeman, San Francisco, 1974. [WS]Google Scholar
Bridgeman, B., Hendry, D., & Stark, L.Failure to detect displacement of the visual world during saccadic eye movements. Vision Research. 15: 719–722, 1975. [AM, BB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bridgeman, B. & Lewis, S. J.How the eye knows where the world is. Neuroscience Abstracts. 2: 394, 1976. [BB]Google Scholar
Brown, J. F.The visual perception of velocity. Psychologische Forschung. 14: 199–232, 1931. [AM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buettner, U. W., Büttner, U., & Henn, V.Vestibular nuclei activity during suppression of optokinetic nystagmus in the monkey. Pflügers Archiv Physiological Supplement. 377:R 51, 1978. [VH]Google Scholar
Caelli, T. M.Psychophysical interpretations and experimental evidence for the LTG/NP theory of perception. Cahiers de Psychologic. 20(no. 2/3): 107–134, 1977. [JG]Google Scholar
Campbell, F. W. The transmission of spatial information through the visual system. In: Schmitt, F. O. & Worden, F. G. (eds.), The Neurosciences: Third Study Program, M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, 1974. [MS]Google Scholar
Canon, L. K.Intermodality inconsistency of inputs and directed attention as determinants of the nature of adaptation. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 84: 141–147, 1970. [JK, GR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cegalis, John A.Prism distortion and accommodative change. Perception and Psychophysics. 13: 494–498, 1973. [DF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cegalis, John A. & Young, R.Effect of inversion-induced conflict on field dependence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 83: 373–379, 1974. [DF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, W. C. “Pain report (LX) is not pain sensation (d): They may be related.” Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C., Sept. 1976. [DF]Google Scholar
Clifton, G. L., Coggeshall, R. E., Vance, W. H., & Willis, W. D.Receptive fields of unmyelinated ventral root afferent fibres in the cat. Journal of Physiology (London). 256: 573–600, 1976. [KM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coggeshall, R. E., Appelbaum, M. L., Frazen, M., Stubbs, T. B., & Sykes, M. T.Unmyelinated axons in human ventral roots, a possible explanation for the failure of dorsal rhyzotomy to relieve pain. Brain Research. 98: 157–166, 1975. [KM]Google Scholar
Cohen, M. M. “Curvature after-effects following exposure under prismatic viewing conditions.” Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1965. [MS]Google Scholar
Collins, C. C. The human oculomotor control system. In: Pennerstrand, G. and Back-Y-Rita, P. (eds.), Basic Mechanisms of Ocular Motility and Their Clinical Implications. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1975. [WS]Google Scholar
Collins, J. K.Isolation of a muscular component in a proprioceptive spatial aftereffect. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 90: 297–299, 1971 [GS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, J. K. & Lahy, P.The effect of muscular involvement in a kinesthetic spatial aftereffect. Australian Journal of Psychology. 24: 75–81, 1972. [GS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, J. K. & Lord, J.A muscular component in the inter-limb transfer of the kinesthetic spatial aftereffect. Australian Journal of Psychology. 23: 185–188, 1971. [GS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coquery, J. M. Role of active movement in control of afferent input from skin in cat and man. In: G. Gordon (ed.) Active Touch. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1978. [KM]Google Scholar
Coulter, J. D.Sensory transmissions through lemniscal pathway during voluntary movement in the cat. Journal of Neurophysiology. 37: 831–845, 1974. [KM, JK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Craske, B.Adaptation to prisms: change in internally registered eyeposition. British Journal of Psychology. 58: 329–335, 1967. [BC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dewey, J. & Bentley, A. F.Knowing and the Known. Beacon, Boston, 1949. [MT]Google Scholar
Dyhre-Poulsen, P.Increased vibration threshold before movements in human subjects. Experimental Neurology. 47: 516–522, 1975. [JK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perception of tactile stimuli before ballistic and during tracking movements. In: Gordon, G. (ed.), Active Touch. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1978. [KM]Google Scholar
Easton, T.On the normal use of reflexes. American Scientist. 60: 591–599, 1972. [JK, DF]Google ScholarPubMed
Ebenholtz, S. M.The possible role of eye-muscle potentiation in several forms of prism adaptation. Perception. 3: 477–485, 1974. [SE, WS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Additivity of aftereffects of maintained head and eye rotations: an alternative to recalibration. Perception & Psychophysics. 19(1):113–116, 1976. [KP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The constancies in object orientation: an algorithm processing approach. In: Epstein, W. (ed.), Stability and Constancy in Visual Perception: Mechanisms and Processes. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1977. [SE, RH]Google Scholar
Aftereffects of sustained vertical divergence: induced vertical phoria and illusory target height. Perception. 7:305–314, 1978. [SE, WS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebenholtz, S. M. & Benzschawel, T. L.The rod and frame effect and induce head tilt as a function of observation distance. Perception & Psychophysics. 22(5):491–496, 1977. [KP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebenholtz, S. M. & Paap, K. R.Further evidence for an orientation constancy based upon-registration of ocular position. Psychological Research. 38: 395–409, 1976. [KP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ebenholtz, S. M. & Wolfson, D. M.Percpetual aftereffects of sustained convergence. Perception & Psychophysics. 77: 485–491, 1975. [SE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Efstathiou, A. “Correlated and De-Correlated Visual Feedback in Modifying Eye-Hand Coordination.” Paper read at Eastern Psychological Association 1963. [BP]Google Scholar
Epstein, W.Recalibration by pairing: a process of perceptual learning. Perception. 4: 59–72, 1975. [KP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evarts, E. V.Feedback and corollary discharge: a merge of concepts. Neuroscience Research Program Bulletin 6: 86–112, 1972. [PR]Google Scholar
Brain mechanisms in movement. Scientific American. 229:(1) 96–103, 1973. [DF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitch, H. & Turvey, M. T. On the control of activity: some remarks from an ecological point of view. In: Landers, D. M. & Christina, R. W. (eds.), Psychology of Motor Behavior and Sport. Human Kinetics Publishers, Champaign, Ill., 1978. [MT]Google Scholar
Fowler, C. A.Timing Control in Speech Production. Indiana University Linguistics Club, Bloomington, Ind., 1977. [JK]Google Scholar
Freides, D.Human information processing and sensory modality: crossmodal functions, information complexity, memory and deficit. Psychological Bulletin. 81: 284–310, 1974. [DF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Do dichotic listening procedures measure lateralization of information processing or retrieval strategy? Perception & Psychophysics. 21:259–263, 1977. [DF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganz, L. Orientation in visual space by neonates and its modification by visual deprivation. In: Riesen, A. H. (ed.), The Developmental Neuropsychology of Sensory Deprivation. Academic Press, New York, 1975. [RBW]Google Scholar
Ghez, C. & Lenzi, G. L.Modulation of sensory transmission in cat lemniscal system during voluntary movement. Pflugers Archive fur die Gesamte Physiologie die Menschen. 323: 272–278, 1971. [KM, JK]Google ScholarPubMed
Ghez, C. & Pisa, M.Inhibition of afferent transmission in cuneate nucleus during voluntary movement in the cat. Brain Research. 40: 145–151, 1972.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gibson, J. J.The Perception of the Visual World. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1950. [WS]Google Scholar
The useful dimensions of sensitivity. American Psychologist. 18:1–16, 1963. [JG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
An Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, in press. [MT]Google Scholar
Ecological optics. Vision Research. 1: 253–262, 1961. [MT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, J. J. & Radner, M.Adaptation after-effect and contrast in the perception of tilted lines: I. Quantitative studies. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 20: 453–467, 1937. [RD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granit, R.Receptors and Sensory Perception. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1955a. [KM]Google Scholar
Centrifugal and antidromic effects on ganglion cells of retina. Journal of Neurophysiology. 19:388–411, 1955b. [KM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granit, R. & Kaada, B. R.Influence of stimulation of central nervous structures on muscle spindles in cat. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 27: 130–160, 1952. [KM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, D. M. & Birdsall, T. G.Detection and recognition. Psychological Review. 85: 192–206, 1978. [LH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, P. H. Problems of organization of motor systems. In: Rosen, R. & Snell, F. (eds.), Progress in Theoretical Biology. Vol. 2., Academic Press, New York, 1972. [JK]Google Scholar
Gregory, R. L.Eye and Brain. McGraw Hill, New York, 1966. [RH]Google Scholar
Grillner, S.Locomotion in vertebrates: central mechanisms and reflex interaction. Physiological Reviews. 55: 247–304, 1975. [JK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gruzelier, J. H. & Venables, P. H.Skin conductance responses to tones with and without attentional significance in schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic psychiatric patients. Neuropsychologia. 11: 221–230, 1973. [DF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haber, R. N. Visual perception. In: Rosensweig, M. R. (ed.), Annual Review of Psychology. Annual Review Press, Palo Alto, pp. 31–59, 1978. [RH]Google Scholar
Hansen, R. M. & Skavenski, A. A.Accuracy of eye position information for motor control. Vision Research. 17: 919–926, 1977. [JL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
The brain closely monitors the position of the pursuing eye. Investigative Ophthalmology. ARVO Abstracts, p. 139. 1978. [JL]Google Scholar
Harris, C. S.Adaptation to displaced vision: visual, motor or proprioceptive change? Science. 140: 812–813, 1963. [JH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beware of the straight-ahead shift: a non-perceptual change in experiments on adaptation to displaced vision. Perception. 3:461–476, 1974. [JL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, J. C. & Goldsmith, W. M.Space-time adapatations of visual position constancy. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 99(1):1–9, 1973. [IK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hebb, D. O.Organization of Behavior. Wiley, New York, 1949 [AR]Google Scholar
Hein, A. & Held, R.Dissociation of the visual placing response into elicited and guided components. Science. 158: 390–392, 1967. [MJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hein, A., Held, R., & Gower, E. C.Development and segmentation of visually controlled movement by selective exposure during rearing. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. 73: 181–187, 1970. [RBW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Held, R.Adaptation to rearrangement and visual-spatial aftereffects. Psycho-logische Beitrage. 6: 439–450, 1962. [RD]Google Scholar
Held, R.Plasticity in sensory-motor systems. Scientific American. 213: 84–94, 1965. [CB, BC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dissociation of visual functions by deprivation and rearrangement. Psycho logische Forschung. 31:338–348, 1968. [BB, AM, HM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Two modes of processing spatially distributed visual stimulation. In: Schmitt, F. P. (ed.), The Neurosciences: Second Study Program. Rockefeller University Press, New York, 1970. [HM]Google Scholar
Held, R. & Bauer, J. A. Jr., Visually-guided reaching in infant monkeys after restricted rearing. Science. 155: 718–720, 1967. [RDN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Held, R. & Bosson, J.Neonatal deprivation and adult rearrangement: complementary techniques for analyzing plastic sensory motor coordinations. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. 54: 33–37, 1961. [HM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Held, R. & Hein, A. On the modifiability of form perception. In: Wathen-Dunn, Weiant (ed.), Models for the Perception of Speech and Visual Form. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1967. [HM]Google Scholar
Helmholtz, H.Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik. 1st Ed., Leipzig, Voss, 1867. [PR]Google Scholar
Higgins, J. R. & Angel, R. W.Correction of tracking errors without sensory feedback. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 84: 412–416, 1970. [JK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hochberg, J.On the importance of movement-produced stimulation in prism-induced after-effects. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 16: 544, 1963. [JH, RD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, W. C.The Lie algebra of visual perception. Journal of Mathemati-cial Psychology. 3: 65–98, 1966. [JG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, I. P. The adaptability of the visual-motor system. In: K. J. Connolly (ed.) Mechanisms of Motor Skills Development. Academic Press, London, 1970. [JG]Google Scholar
Howard, I. P.Perceptual learning and adaptation. British Medical Bulletin. 27: 248–252, 1971. [JG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hubel, D. M., and Wiesel, T. N.Receptive fields and functional architecture in two striate visual areas (18 and 19) of the cat. Journal of Neurophysi-ology. 28: 229–289, 1965 [JG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingle, D.Two visual mechanisms underlying the behavior of fish, Psycholog-ische Forschung. 31: 44–51, 1967. [HM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ittelson, W. H.Visual Space Perception. Springer Publishing Co., New York, 1960. [MJ]Google Scholar
Johnston, I. R., White, G. R., & Cumming, R. W.The role of optical expansion patterns in locomotor control. American Journal of Psychology. 86: 311–324, 1937. [RD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufman, L.Sight and Mind: An Introduction to Visual Perception. Oxford University Press, New York, 1974. [GR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelso, J. A. S.Planning and efferent components in the coding of movement. Journal of Motor Behavior. 9: 33–47, 1977. [JK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, E., Olson, M. E., & Epstein, W.Allocation of attention and the locus of adaptation to displaced vision. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 1: 237–245, 1975. [GR, JK]Google Scholar
Kintsch, W.The Representation of Meaning in Memory. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J., 1974. [LH]Google Scholar
Kohler, I.The formation and transformation of the perceptual world. Psychological Issues Monographs. 3: 12, 1964. [HM]Google Scholar
Kohler, I.The formation and transformation of the visual world. Psychological Issues. 3(No. 4), 1964. [JG]Google Scholar
Kornheiser, A. S.Adaptation to laterally displaced vision: A review. Psychological Bulletin. 83: 783–815, 1976. [JK, MT, RW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kostyuk, P. G. & Vasilenko, D. A.Transformation of cortical motor signals in spinal cord. Proceedings of the IEEE. 56: 1049–1058, 1968. [JK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kots, Ya. M.The Organization of Voluntary Movement. Plemim, New York, 1977. [JK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krantz, D. H.Threshold theories of signal detection. Psychological Review. 76: 308–324, 1969. [LH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krueger, L. E.A theory of perceptual matching. Psychological Review. 85: 278–304, 1978. [LH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lackner, J. R.Adaptation to visual and proprioceptive rearrangement: origin of the differential effectiveness of active and passive movements. Perception and Psychophysics. 21: 55–59, 1977. [RH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, D. N. Visual information during locomotion. In: Macheod, R. B. and Pick, H. L. (eds.), Perception: Essays in Honor of J. J. Gibson. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y., 1974. [RH, AM, MT]Google Scholar
A theory of visual control of braking based on information about time-to-collision. Perception. 5:437–459, 1976. [MT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The functions of vision, In: Pick, H. and Saltzman, E. (eds.), Modes of Perceiving and Processing Information. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J., 1978. [JK, MT]Google Scholar
Lee, D. N. & Aaronson, E.Visual proprioceptive standing in human infants. Perception and Psychophysics. 15: 529–532, 1974. [MT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, D. N. & Lishman, J. R.Visual proprioceptive control of stance. Journal of Human Movement Studies. 1: 87–95, 1975. [MT]Google Scholar
Lindsay, P. H. & Norman, D. A.Human Information Processing: An Introduction to Psychology (2nd Ed.). Academic Press, New York, 1977. [LH]Google Scholar
Lishman, J. R. & Lee, D. N.The autonomy of visual kinaesthesis. Perception. 2: 287–295, 1973. [MT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lotze, R. H.Medicinische Psychologie, oder Physiologie der Seele. Leipzig, 1852. Bk. II, chap. 4, sect. 28, paras. 289, 290, 292–294 translated by-D. Cantor, are presented In: Herrnstein, R. J. and Boring, E. G. (eds.), A Source Book in the History of Psychology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1965. [JH]Google Scholar
Mace, W. M. James J. Gibson's strategy for perceiving: Ask not what's inside your head, but what your head's inside of. In: Shaw, R. and Bransford, J. (eds.), Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing. Lawrence Earlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1977. [JL]Google Scholar
Mace, W. M. and Pittenger, J. B.Directly perceiving Gibson: a further reply to Gyr. Psychological Bulletin. 82: 137–139, 1975. [JG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mack, A.An investigation of the relationship between eye and retinal image movement in the perception of movement. Perception and Psychophysics. 8: 291–298, 1970. [AM, HW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Two modes of visual perception. In: Pick, H. (ed.), Modes of Perception. Laurence Erlbaum, New York, 1978. [AM]Google Scholar
Mack, A. & Bachant, J.Perceived movement of the after-image during eye movement. Perception and Psychophysics. 6: 379–384, 1969. [AM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mack, A. & Herman, E.The loss of position constancy during pursuit eye movements. Vision Research. 18: 55–62, 1978. [AM, HW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mack, A. & Rock, I.A re-examination of the Stratton effect: Egocentric adaptation to a rotated visual image. Perception and Psychophysics. 4: 57–62, 1968. [AM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mather, J. & Lackner, J.Adaptation to visual rearrangement elicited by tonic vibration reflexes. Experimental Brain Research. 24: 103–105, 1975. [JK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matin, E.Saccadic suppression: a review and an analysis. Psychological Bulletin. 81: 899–917, 1974. [LH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matin, L. Eye movements and perceived visual direction. In: Jameson, D. and Hurvich, L. M. (eds.), Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Vol. VII/4, Visual Psychophysics. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1972. [JL]Google Scholar
A possible hybrid mechanism for modification of visual direction associated with eye movements - the paralyzed-eye experiments reconsidered. Perception. 5:233–239, 1976a. [WS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saccades and extra retinal signals for visual direction. In: Monty, R. A. and Senders, J. W. (eds.), Eye Movements and Psychological Processes. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J., pp. 205–220, 1976b. [RH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matin, E., & Pearce, D. G.Eye movements in the dark during the attempt to maintain a prior fixation position. Vision Research. 10: 837–847, 1970. [WS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLaughlin, S. C., Rifkin, K. I., & Webster, R. G.Oculomotor adaptation to wedge prisms with no part of the body seen. Perception & Psychophysics. 1: 452–458, 1966. [GS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLaughlin, S. C. & Webster, R. G.Changes in straight-ahead eye position during adaptation to wedge prisms. Perception & Psychophysics. 2: 37–44, 1967. [GS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melamed, L. E., Halay, M., & Gildow, J. W.Effect of external target presence on visual adaptation with active and passive movement. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 98: 125–130, 1973. [JK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melvill-Jones, G. The vestibular system for eye movement control. In: Monty, R. A. and Senders, J. W. (eds.), Eye Movements and Psychological Processes. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J., pp. 3–18, 1976. [RH]Google Scholar
Plasticity in the adult vestibulo-ocular reflex arc. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B. 278:319–334, 1977. [VH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikaelian, H. & Held, R.Two types os adaptation to an optically-rotated visual field. American Journal of Psychology. 77: 257–263, 1964. [RD, SE, HM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Two types of adaptation to an optically-rotated visual field as a function of degree of optical tilt and exposure time. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 72:629–634, 1966. [AM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, J. & Festinger, L.Impact of oculomotor retaining on the visual perception of curvature. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 3(2):187–200, 1977 [JH, JL, JM, KP, IR]Google Scholar
Miller, D. R. & Walk, R. D. “Self-Produced Movement is Unnecessary for the Development of Visually Guided Depth Discrimination. Paper presented at meetings of the Eastern Psychological Association, New York, April 1975. [RDW]Google Scholar
Minsky, M. & Papert, S.Perceptrons. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1969. [LH]Google Scholar
Moylan, J. J.Kinesthetic figural aftereffects: satiation of contrast. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 67: 83–90, 1964. [GS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neisser, U.Cognitive Psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1967. [LH]Google Scholar
Ogle, K. N. The optical space sense. In: Davson, H. (ed.), The Eye. Vol. 4. Academic Press, New York, pp. 211–418, 1962. [RH]Google Scholar
Paap, K. R. & Ebenholtz, S. M.Perceptual consequences of potentiation in the extraocular muscles: an alternative explanation for adaptation to wedge prisms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 2: 457–468, 1976. [SE, KP, WS]Google ScholarPubMed
Concomitant direction and distance after effects of sustained covergence: A muscle potentiation explanation for eye-specific adaptation. Perception and Psychophysics. 21:307–314, 1977. [SE, KP, WS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pew, R. W. Human perceptual-motor performance. In: Kantowitz, B. H. (ed.), Human Information Processing: Tutorials in Performance and Cognition. Lawrence Erlbaum, New York, 1974. [JK]Google Scholar
Pick, H. L. & Hay, J. C.Adaptation to prismatic distortion. Psychonomic Science. 1: 199–200, 1964. [RD, IR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
A passive test of the Held reafference hypothesis. Perceptual Motor Skills. 20:1070–1072, 1965. [BC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pittenger, J. & Shaw, R.Aging faces as visual-elastic events: implications for a theory of non-rigid shape perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 1: 374–382, 1975. [MT]Google Scholar
Poincaré, H.Science and Hypothesis. Dover, New York, 1952. [JG]Google Scholar
Poincaré, H.The Value of Science. Dover, New York, 1958. [JG]Google Scholar
Posner, M. I., Nissen, M. J., & Klein, R. M.Visual dominance: an information-processing account of its origins and significance. Psychological Review. 83: 157–171, 1976. [JK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Posner, M. I. & Snyder, C. R. R. Attention and cognitive control. In: Solso, R. L. (ed.), Information Processing and Cognition: The Loyola Symposium. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J., 1975. [GR]Google Scholar
Powers, W. T.Behavior: The Control of Perception. Aldine, Chicago, 1973. [LH]Google Scholar
Prescott, J. W. Early somatosensory deprivation as an ontogenetic process in the abnormal development of brain and behavior. In: Goldsmith, E. I. & Moor-Jankowski, J. (eds.), Medical Primatology, 1970: Second Conference on Experimental Medicine and Surgery in Primates (N.Y., Sept. 1969). pp. 356–375, Basel, Switzerland, S. Karger, 1971. [DF]Google Scholar
Pribram, K. H.Languages of the Brain. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs. N. J., 1971. [JG]Google Scholar
Rashbass, C.The relationship between saccadic and smooth tracking eye-movements. Journal of Physiology. 159: 326–338, 1961. [JG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Redding, G. M.Simultaneous visual adaptation to tilt and displacement: a test of independent processes. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society. 2: 41–42, 1973a. [SE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visual adaptation to tilt and displacement: same or different processes. Perception and Psychophysics. 14:193–200, 1973b. [SE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simultaneous visuomotor adaptation to optical tilt and displacement. Perception and Psychophysics. 17:97–100, 1975. [SE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Additivity in adaptation to optical tilt. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 4:178–190, 1978. [GR]Google Scholar
Riggs, L. A. Saccadic suppression of phosphenes: proof of a neural basis for saccadic suppression. In: Monty, R. A. and Senders, J. W. (eds.), Eye Movements and Psychological Processes. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J., pp. 85–100, 1976. [RH]Google Scholar
Robinson, D. L. & Wurtz, R. H.Use of an extraretinal signal by monkey superior colliculus neurons to distinguish real from self-induced stimulus movement. Journal of Neurophysiology 39: 852–870, 1976. [VH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rock, I. & Ebenholtz, S.The relational determination of perceived size. Psychological Review. 66: 387–401, 1959. [AM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roland, P. E.Sensory feedback to cerebral cortex during voluntary movements in man. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 1: 129–147, 1978. [JK, PR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roland, P. E. & Ladegaard-Pedersen, H.A quantitative analysis of sensations of tension and of kinaesthesia in man. Brain. 100: 671–692, 1977. [PR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larsen, B., Lassen, N. A., & Skinhøj, E.The role of the supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in the organization of voluntary movements in man. Journal of Neurophysiology. Submitted for publication, 1979a. [PR]Google Scholar
Skinhøj, E., Lassen, N. A., & Larsen, B.The role of different cortical areas in man in the organization of voluntary movements in extrapersonal space. Journal of Neurophysiology. Submitted for publication, 1979b. [PR]Google Scholar
Rosenthal, R. & Rosnow, R. L. (eds.), Artifact in Behavioral Research. Academic Press, New York, 1969. [RD]Google Scholar
Rosnow, R. L. & Rosenthal, R. Volunteer effects in behavioral research. In: New Directions in Psychology, Vol. 4. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York, pp. 213–277, 1970. [RD]Google Scholar
Schmidt, R. A.A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning. Psychological Review. 82: 225–269, 1975. [JK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, G.Two visual systems. Science. 163: 895–902, 1969. [HM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, W. & Shiffrin, R. M. Automatic and controlled information processing in vision. In: LaBerge, D. & Samuels, S. J. (eds.), Basic Processes in Reading: Perception and Comprehension. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J., 1977. [GR]Google Scholar
Shaw, R. & Pittenger, J. Perceiving the face of change in changing faces: implications for a theory of object perception. In: Shaw, R. & Bransford, J. (eds.), Perceiving, Acting and Knowing. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J., 1977. [MT]Google Scholar
Shaw, R. & Turvey, M. T. Coalitions as models for ecosystems: a realist perspective on perceptual organization. In: Kubovy, M. and Pomerantz, J. (eds.), Perceptual Organization. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J., in press. [MT]Google Scholar
Shaw, R., Turvey, M. T., & Mace, W. Ecological psychology: the consequences of a commitment to realism. In: Weimer, W. & Palermo, D. (eds.), Cognition and the Symbolic Processes II. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J., in press. [MT]Google Scholar
Shebilske, W. L.Extraretinal information in corrective saccades and inflow vs. outflow theories of visual direction constancy. Vision Research. 16: 621–628, 1976. [KP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Visuomotor coordination in visual direction and position constancies. In: Epstein, W. (ed.), Perception Stability and Constancy: Mechanisms and Processes. Wiley, New York, 1977. [SE, JK, WS, RBW]Google Scholar
Shebilske, W. L. & Nice, D. S.Optical insignificance of the nose and the Pinocchio effect in free scan visual direction. Perception and Psychophysics. 20: 17–20, 1976. [WS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, G. & Day, R. H.Spatial adaptation and aftereffect with optically transformed vision. Effects of active and passive responding and the relationship between test and exposure responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 71: 725–731, 1966a. [BC, GS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sensory and perceptual spatial adaptation with aftereffect: evidence for two processes. In: Perceptual Development: Its Relation to Theories of Intelligence and Cognition. Institute of Juvenile Research, Chicago, pp. 187–209, 1966b. [GS]Google Scholar
The effects of spatial judgments on the perceptual aftereffect from prismati-cally transformed vision. Australian Journal of Psychology. 18:63–70, 1966c. [GS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skavenski, A. A.Extraretinal correction and memory for target position. Vision Research. 11: 743–746, 1971. [PR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
The nature and role of extraretinal eye position information in visual localization. In: Monty, R. A. and Senders, J. W. (eds.), Eye Movements and Psychological Processes. Erlbaum, New York, 1976. [WS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skavenski, A. A. & Steinman, R. M.Control of eye position in the dark. Vision Research. 10: 193–203, 1970. [WS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sommerhoff, G.Logic of the Living Brain. Wiley, New York, 1974. [LH]Google Scholar
Srinivasan, M. V. & Bernard, G. D.The pursuit response of the housefly and its interaction with the optomotor response. Journal of Comparative Physiology. 115: 107–117, 1977. [MT]Google Scholar
Stark, L., Kong, R., Schwartz, S., Hendry, D., & Bridgeman, B.Saccadic suppression of image displacement. Vision Research. 16: 1185–1187, 1976. [AM]Google ScholarPubMed
Stevens, J. K., Emerson, R. C., Gerstein, T. K., Neufeld, G. R., Nichols, C. W., & Rosenquist, A. C.Paralysis of the awake human: visual perceptions. Vision Research. 16: 93–98, 1976. [WS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stratton, G. M.Vision without inversion of the retinal image. Psychological Review. 4: 341–360, 463–481, 1897. [AM, HW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taub, E. Movement in nonhuman primates deprived of somatosensory feedback. In: Keogh, J., (ed.), Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews, Vol. 4, Journal Publishing Affiliates, Santa Barbara, pp. 335–374, 1977. [JK]Google Scholar
Taylor, J. G.The Behavioral Basis of Perception. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1962. [IK, KP]Google Scholar
Templeton, W. B., Howard, I. P., & Lowman, A. E.Passively generated adaptation to prismatic distortion. Perceptual Motor Skills. 22: 140–142, 1966. [BC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thoden, V., Dichgaus, J., & Savidis, T.Direction-specific optokinetic modulation of monosynaptic hind limb reflexes in cats. Experimental Brain Research. 30: 155–160, 1977. [JK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trevarthen, C. B.Two mechanisms of vision in primates. Psychologische Forschung. 31: 299–337, 1968. [HM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turvey, M. T.Contrasting orientations to the theory of visual information processing. Psychological Review. 84: 67–78, 1977a. [JK, MT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preliminaries to a theory of action with reference to vision. In: Shaw, R. & Bransford, J. (eds.), Perceiving, Acting and Knowing. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J., 211–266, 1977b. [JK]Google Scholar
Tversky, A.Features of similarity. Psychological Review. 84: 327–350, 1977. [LH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uhlarik, J. J. & Canon, L. K.Influence of concurrent and terminal exposure conditions on the nature of perceptual adaptation. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 91: 233–239, 1971. [GR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uttal, R. W.The effect of deviations from linearity on the detection of dotted line patterns. Vision Research. 13: 2155–2163, 1973. [JG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varju, D.Stationary and dynamic responses during visual edge fixation by walking insects. Nature. 255: 330–332, 1975. [MT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vonèche, J.Les Effets Consécutifs Figuraux. Vander, Brussels, 1971. [JV]Google Scholar
von Holst, E. & Mittelstaedt, H. The principle of reafference: interactions between the central nervous system and the peripheral organs. In: Dodwell, P. C. (ed. and trans.), Perceptual Processing: Stimulus Equivalence and Pattern Recognition. (Reprinted from Die Naturwissenschaften, 1950.) Appleton, New York, 1971. [WS]Google Scholar
Walk, R. D. & Bond, E. K.The development of visually guided reaching in monkeys reared without sight of the hands. Psychonomic Science. 23: 115–116, 1971. [RDW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walk, R. D., Shepherd, J. D., & Miller, D. R.Attention as an alternative to self-induced motion for the perceptual behavior of kittens. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, Vol. 4. (Abstract No. 395, p. 129) 8th Annual Meeting, St. Louis, Mo., November 5–9, 1978. [RDW]Google Scholar
Wallach, H.On Perception. Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Co., New York, 1976. [HW]Google Scholar
Wallach, H. & Bacon, J.The constancy of the orientation of the visual field. Perception & Psychophysics. 19: 375–382, 1976. [HW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Two kinds of adaptation in the constancy of visual direction and their different effects on the perception of shape and visual direction. Perception & Psychophysics. 21:227–242, 1977. [HW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallach, H. & Barton, W.Adaptation to optically produced curvature of frontal planes. Perception & Psychophysics. 18: 21–25, 1975. [HW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallach, H. & Flaherty, E. W.Rapid adaptation to a prismatic distortion. Perception & Psychophysics. 19: 261–266, 1976. [HW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallach, H., Frey, K. J., and Bode, K. A.The nature of adaptation in distance perception based on oculomotor cues. Perception & Psychophysics. 11: 110–116, 1972. [JG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallach, H. and Halperin, P.Eye muscle potentiation does not account for adaptation in distance perception based on oculomotor cues. Perception & Psychophysics. 22: 427–430, 1977. [JG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallach, H. & Kravitz, J.The measurement of the constancy of visual direction and of its adaptation. Psychonomic Science. 2: 217–218, 1965a. [AM, HW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapid adaptation in the constancy of visual direction with active and passive rotation. Psychonomic Science. 3:165–166, 1965b. [AM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walls, G. L.The problem of visual direction. American Journal of Optome-try. 28: 55–83, 115–146, 173–212, 1951. [JH]Google ScholarPubMed
Wapner, S. & Werner, H.Perceptual Development, Clark Univ. Press, Worcester, Mass., 1957.Google Scholar
Ware, C. & Mitchell, D. E.The spatial selectivity of the tilt aftereffect. Vision Research. 14: 735–737, 1974. [MS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warren, D. H. & Schmitt, T. L.On the plasticity of visual-proprioceptive bias effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 4: 302–310, 1978. [JK, GR]Google ScholarPubMed
Watson, P. J.Nonmotor functions of the cerebellum. Psychological Bulletin. 85: 944–967, 1978. [DF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinstein, S., Sersen, E. A., Fisher, L., & Weisinger, M.Is reafference necessary for visual adaptation? Perceptual Motor Skills 18: 641–648, 1964. [BC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Welch, R. B.Perceptual Modification: Adaptation to Altered Sensory Environments. Academic Press, New York, 1978. [RH, IR]Google Scholar
Westheimer, G. & McKee, S. P.Integration regions for visual hyperacuity. Vision Research. 17: 89–93, 1977. [JL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, M. J.Hemispheric asymmetries in tachistoscopic information processing. British Journal of Psychology. 63: 497–508, 1972. [DF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willey, R., Gyr, J. W., and Henry, A.Changes in the perception of spatial location: a test of potentiation vs. recalibration theory. Perception & Psychophysics. 24(4):356–360, 1968. [JG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Witkin, H. A. & Goodenough, D. R.Field dependence and interpersonal behavior. Psychological Bulletin. 84: 661–689, 1977. [DF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zacks, J. L. & Freedman, S. J.Active and passive movement in the production of kinesthetic tilt aftereffects. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 16: 702, 1963. [GS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar