Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-bvgqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-31T23:16:20.711Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Protocultural factors in a constructionist approach to intellectual evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2011

Howard E. Gruber
Howard E. Gruber
Affiliation:
Institute for Cognitive Studies, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. 07102
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Information

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 2 , Issue 3 , September 1979 , pp. 386 - 387
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1979

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Albrecht, H. and Dunnett, S. (1974) Chimpanzees in western Africa. Munich: Piper and Co. [STP]Google Scholar
Alcock, J. (1972) The evolution of the use of tools by feeding animals. Evolution 26: 464–73. [STP]Google Scholar
Alcock, J. (1975) Animal behavior: an evolutional approach. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. [STP]Google Scholar
Aldis, O. (1975) Play fighting. New York: Academic Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Ardrey, R. (1961) African genesis. London: Collins. [GLI]Google Scholar
Bartholomew, G., and Birdsell, J. (1953) Ecology and the protohominids. American Anthropologist 55: 481–97. [STP]Google Scholar
Bates, L.; Benigni, L.; Bretherton, L.; Camioni, L.; and Volterra, V. (1977) Cognition and communication from 9–13 months: a correlational study. Program on Cognitive and Perceptual Factors. In Human Development Report No. 12. Institute for the Study of Intellectual Behavior, University of Colorado. [SC, STP]Google Scholar
Beck, B. B. (1973a) Observational learning of tool use by captive Guinea baboons (Papio papio). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 38: 579–82. [WCM, STP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, B. B. (1973b) Cooperative tool use in captive hamadryas baboons. Science 182: 594–97. [STP]Google Scholar
Beck, B. B. (1974) Baboons, chimpanzees, and tools. Journal of Human Evolution 3: 509–16. [WCM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, B. B. (1975) Primate tool behavior. In Socioecology and psychology of primates, ed. Tuttle, R. H.. The Hague: Mouton. [STP]Google Scholar
Behrensmeyer, A. K. (1975) Taphonomy and paleoecology in the hominid fossil record. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 16: 36–50. [STP]Google Scholar
Benhar, E. E.; Carlton, P. L.; and Samuel, D. (1975) A search for mirror-image reinforcement and self-recognition in the baboons (Papio anubis). In Contemporary primatology, ed. Kondo, S., Kawai, M., andEhara, A.. Basel: Karger. [WCM]Google Scholar
Bingham-Newman, A. M. (1974) Development of logical operations abilities in early childhood: a longitudinal comparison of the effects of two preschool settings. Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison. [CJB]Google Scholar
Bishop, G. H., and Smith, J. M. (1964) The size of nerve fibers supplying cerebral cortex. Experimental Neurology 9: 483–501. [STP]Google Scholar
Blinkov, S. M., and Glezer, I. I. (1968) The human brain in figures and tables. New York: Plenum Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Bok, S. T. (1959) Histonomy of the cerebral cortex. Princeton, N. J.: Van Nostrand-Reinhold. [STP]Google Scholar
Bower, T. G. R. (1974) Development in infancy. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. [HDF]Google Scholar
Brainerd, C. J. (1978a) The stage question in cognitive-developmental theory. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1: 173–213. [CJB, WOD]Google Scholar
Brainerd, C. J. (1978b) Piaget's theory of intelligence. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall. [CJB]Google Scholar
Brindamour, B. C. (1976) Orangutans: Indonesia's people of the forest. Lecture delivered at California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. [STP]Google Scholar
Brouard, J. (1961) Le dessin normal et pathologique. Thèse, Université de Lyon. [VVI]Google Scholar
Brown, D. P. F.; Lenneberg, E. H.; and Ettlinger, G. (1978) Ability of chimpanzees to respond to symbols of quantity in comparison with that of children and monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 92: 815–20. [GE, STP]Google Scholar
Brown, J. (1975) The evolution of behavior. New York: W. W. Norton. [STP]Google Scholar
Bruner, J. S. (1972) Nature and uses of immaturity. American Psychologist 27: 687–708. [JW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruner, J. S. (1977) Early social interaction and language acquisition. In Studies in mother-infant interaction, ed. Schaffer, H. R.. New York: Academic Press. [SC]Google Scholar
Campbell, B. (1966) Human evolution. 1st ed.Chicago: Aldine. [GLI]Google Scholar
Campbell, B. (1974) The physical basis of language use in primates. In Frontiers of anthropology, ed. Lead, M. L.. New York: Van Nostrand. [STP]Google Scholar
Candland, D. K.; French, J. A.; and Johnson, C. N. (1978) Object-play: test of a categorized model of the genesis of object play In Macaca fuscata. In Social play in primates, ed. Smith, E. O.. New York: Academic Press. [STP, CTS]Google Scholar
Cartmill, M. (1976) Rethinking primate origins. Science 184: 436–43. [STP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, Y. R. (1962) Models in linguistics and models in general. In Logic, methodology and philosophy of science, ed. Nagel, E., Suppes, P., andTarski, A.. Stanford: Stanford University Press. [WOD]Google Scholar
Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. (1975) The ontogeny of intelligence in gorillas. (Unpublished film). [SC]Google Scholar
Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. (1976) The ontogeny of primate intelligence and its implication for communicative potential: a preliminary report. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 280: 173–216 [SC, STP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. (1977) A Piagetian model for describing and comparing socialization in monkey, ape, and human infants. In Primate biosocial development, ed. Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. and Poirier, F. E.. New York: Garland Press [SC, STP]Google Scholar
Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. (1978) Intelligence in wild cebus monkeys and its implications for the evolution of tool use. Paper delivered at the 77th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Los Angeles. [SC, AM, STP, EOS]Google Scholar
Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. (1979a) Cognitive ability, diet, habitat use, and activity rates in three neotropical primates. Paper presented at the forty-eighth annual meeting, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, San Francisco. [EOS]Google Scholar
Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. (1979b) Kids-zoo research reveals remarkable similarities in the development of human and orangutan babies… and one very special difference. Animal Kingdom: 82(3):11–18. [SC]Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, J., and Harvey, P. (1978) Mammals, resources, and reproductive strategies. Nature 273: 191–95. [STP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cole, M., and Scribner, S. (1974) Culture and thought: a psychological introduction. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [STP]Google Scholar
Conel, J. L. (1939–1967) The postnatal development of the human cerebral cortex. Vols. 1–8. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Count, E. W. (1947) Brain and body weight in man: their antecedents in growth and evolution. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 46: 993–1,122. [STP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowan, P. S. (1978) Piaget with feeling. Cognitive, social and emotional dimensions. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. [STP]Google Scholar
Crook, J. H., and Cartlan, J. S. (1966) On the evolution of primate societies. Nature 210: 1,200–3. [AJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daly, M., and Wilson, M. (1978) Sex, evolution and behavior. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Dare, R. (1974a) The ecology and evolution of food sharing. California Anthropologist 2: 13–25. [EOS]Google Scholar
Dare, R. (1974b) Food-sharing in free-ranging Ateles geoffroyi(red spider monkeys). Laboratory Primate Newsletter 13: 19–21. [EOS]Google Scholar
Dart, R. A. (1949) The predatory implemental technique of Australopithecus. American Journal of Physical Anthropology ns 7: 11–38. [GLI]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1872) The expression of the emotions in man and animals. London: John Murray. [WOD]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1930) The descent of man and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed.New York: Appleton and Co. [STP]Google Scholar
Dasen, P. (1972) Cross-cultural Piagetian research: a summary. In Culture and cognition: readings in cross-cultural psychology, ed. Berry, J. W. and Dasen, P. R.. London: Methuen and Co. [STP]Google Scholar
Davenport, R. K., and Rogers, C. (1970) intermodal equivalence of stimuli in apes. Science 168: 279–80. [STP]Google Scholar
Deavilia, E., and Pulos, S. (1977) Developmental assessment by pictorially presented Piagetian material. Paper presented at the 7th annual University Affiliated Program, University of Southern California. [STP]Google Scholar
Deetz, J. (1967) Invitation to archeology. American Museum Science Books. Garden City, N. Y.: The Natural History Press. [STP]Google Scholar
De Lumley, H. (1966) Les feuilles de Terra Amata à Nice. Bulletin du Musée d'Anthropologie et Préhistoire (Monaco) v. 13. [AM]Google Scholar
Demetrius, L. (1975) Reproductive strategies and natural selection. American Naturalist 109(967):243–49.[STP]Google Scholar
Dennis, W. (1940) The Hopi child. New York: Science Editions Press. [STP]Google Scholar
DeVore, I., and Konner, M. (1974) Infancy in hunter-gatherer life: an ethological perspective. In Ethology and psychiatry, ed. White, N.. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Dingwall, W. O., ed. (1978) A survey of linguistic science. Stamford, Conn.: Greylock Publishers. [WOD]Google Scholar
Dingwall, W. O., ed. (1979) The evolution of human communication systems. In Studies in neurolinguisiics, vol. 4, ed. Whitaker, H. and Whitaker, H. A.. New York: Academic Press. [WOD]Google Scholar
Dolhinow, P. (1971) At play in the fields. Natural History (Dec.): 66–71. [STP]Google Scholar
Donaldson, M. (1978) Children's minds. New York: W. W. Norton. [WOD]Google Scholar
Dubois, E. (1897) Sur le rapport der poids du l'encéphale avec la grandeur ducorps chez mammifres. Bulletins Société d'antropologie de Paris (4) 8: 337–76. [STP]Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1976) Australopithecine diet based on a baboon analogy. Journal of Human Evolution 5: 161–67. [STP]Google Scholar
Duncan, D. (1934) A relation between axon diameter and myelination determined by measurement of myelinated spinal root fibers. Journal of Comparative Neurology 60: 431–37. [STP]Google Scholar
Eaton, R. (1978) Do chimpanzees use weapons or mimic human weaponry? Carnivore 1(2) 82–89. [STP]Google Scholar
Eccles, J. (1977) Evolution of the brain in relation to the development of the self-conscious mind. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 292: 161–79. [VVI]Google Scholar
Edmonds, M. (1976) New directions in theories of language acquisition. Harvard Educational Review 46: 175–98. [STP]Google Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1974) Love and Hate. New York: Schocken Books. [STP]Google Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1975) Ethology: the biology of behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. [STP]Google Scholar
Elias, H., and Schwartz, D. (1969) Surface areas of cerebral cortex of mammals determined by stereological methods. Science 166: 111–13. [STP]Google Scholar
Emlen, S., and Oring, L. (1977) Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems. Science 197: 215–23.[STP]Google Scholar
Firsov, L. A. (1972) Pamjat'u antropoidov (The memory in anthropoids). Leningrad: Nauka. [VVI]Google Scholar
Fishbein, H. D. (1976) Evolution, development, and children's learning. Pacific Palisades, Cal.: Goodyear. [HDF, STP]Google Scholar
Fishbein, H. D.; Lewis, S.; and Kieffer, K. (1972) Children's understanding of spatial relations. Developmental Psychology 7: 21–33. [HDF, STP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flechsig, P. (1927) Meine myelogenetische Hirnlehre. Berlin: Springer. [STP]Google Scholar
Fortes, M. (1976) Social and psychological aspects of education in Taleland. In Play, its role in development and evolution, ed. Bruner, J., Jolly, A., andSylva, K.. New York: Basic Books. [STP]Google Scholar
Fossey, D., and Harcourt, A. H. (1977) Feeding ecology of free-ranging mountain gorilla (Gorilla gorilla beringet). In Primate ecology, ed. Clutton-Brock, T. H.. London: Academic Press. [WCM]Google Scholar
Fouts, R. (1973) Acquisition and testing of gestural signs in four young chimpanzees. Science 180: 978. [STP]Google Scholar
Fouts, R. (1975) Capacities for language in great apes. In Socioecology and psychology of primates, ed. Tuttle, R. H.. The Hague: Mouton. [STP]Google Scholar
Fox, R. (1971) The cultural animal. In Man and Beast: comparative social behavior, ed. Eisenberg, J. and Dillon, W.. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Fridrich, J. (1976) Ein Beitrag zur Frage nach den Anfängen des künstlerischen und Ästhetischen Sinns der Urmenschens (vor-Neanderthaler, Neanderthaler). Památky Archeologické 67: 5–30. [AM]Google Scholar
Gantt, R., and Pilbeam, E. (1977) Hominoid enamel prism patterns. Science 198: 1,155–57. [STP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gardner, R. A., and Gardner, B. (1969) Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee. Science 165: 664–72. [STP]Google Scholar
Gardner, R. A., and Gardner, B. (1975) Early signs of a language in child and chimpanzee. Science 187: 752–53. [STP]Google Scholar
Gardner, R. A., and Gardner, B. (1978) Comparative psychology and language acquisition. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 309: 37–76. [AJ]Google Scholar
Garvey, C. (1977) Play. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Gershuni, G. V.; Bogdanov, B. V.; Vakarcuk, O. Ju.; and Mal'tsev, V. P. (1977) O Kommunikacionnyh signalah obezyan Cebus capucinus (Evolyucionnyy aspekt) (On communicative signals of the monkey Cebus capucinus [evolutionary aspect]). Zhurnal evolyncionnoy biohimii i fiziologii 13: 662–675. [VVI]Google Scholar
Gertsch, W. (1947) Spiders that lasso their prey. Natural History 56: 152–59. [STP]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R. (1970) Sequence of myelinization in the brain of Macaca mulatta. Ph. D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. [STP]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R. (1977) Brain structure and intelligence in macaques and human infants from a Piagetian perspective. In Primate biosocial development, ed. Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. and Poirier, F. E., pp. 113–57. New York: Garland Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R. (1978a) Cortical maturation, an antecedent of Piaget's behavioral stages. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1: 188. [STP]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R. (1978b) Tool use, construction and intelligence: the evolution of early hominid technology. Paper delivered at the 47th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Los Angeles. [STP]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R. (1979) Myelinization of the cerebral cortex of Macaca mulatta. (manuscript) [STP]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R., and Parker, S. T. (1976) Sensorimotor intelligence in relationship to feeding strategies in cebus monkeys, chimpanzees, and hominids. 45th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Washington, D. C. American Anthropology Abstracts 75: 54. [STP]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R., and Parker, S. T. (1979) Extraction, construction, and agonistic missile use: a model of the evolution of early hominid technology, (manuscript.) [STP]Google Scholar
Gill, J. V., and Rumbaugh, D. (1975) Mastery of naming skills in a chimpanzee. Journal of Human Evolution 3: 483–92. [STP]Google Scholar
Gillièron, C. (1977) Serial order and vicariant order: the limits of isomorphism. Archives de Psychologie 45: 183–204. [HEG, STP]Google Scholar
Glanville, B. B.; Best, C. T.; and Levenson, R. (1977) A cardiac measure of cerebral asymmetries in infant auditory perception. Developmental Psychology 13: 54–59. [GE]Google Scholar
Goodall, A. G. (1977) Feeding and ranging behaviour of a mountain gorilla group (Gorilla gorilla beringet) in the Tshibinda-Kahuzi region (Zaire). In Primate ecology, ed. Clutton-Brock, T. H.. London: Academic Press. [WCM]Google Scholar
Goodall, J. (1966) Miss Goodall and the wild chimpanzees. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Series, (film, edited version) [SC]Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1977) Ontogeny and phytogeny. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. [CJB, SJG, JK, STP]Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1978) Ever since Darwin. New York: Burnett Books. [AJ]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. (1975) The grammar of action in cognitive development. In Human brain function, ed. Walter, D.. Brain Information Service of Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles. [STP]Google Scholar
Grinder, R. E. (1967) A history of genetic psychology. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [CJB]Google Scholar
Groen, G. (1978) The theoretical ideas of Piaget and educational practice. In Impact of research on education, ed. Suppes, P.. Washington, D.C: National Academy of Education. [STP]Google Scholar
Groves, C. (1970) Gigantopithecus and the mountain gorilla. Nature 226: 973–74. [STP]Google Scholar
Gruber, H.; Girgus, J.; and Banuazizi, A. (1971) The development of object permanence in the cat. Developmental Psychology 4(1):9–15. [STP–Google Scholar
Hall, G. S. (1904) Adolescence. 2 vols. New York: Appleton. [CJB]Google Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. (1975) Learning how to mean. London: Arnold Publishers. [STP]Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. J. III (1973) Life's color code. New York: McGraw-Hill. [STP]Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. J. III; Buskirk, R. E.; and Buskirk, W. H. (1975) Defensive stoning by baboons. Nature 256: 488–89. [WCM]Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. J. III; Buskirk, R. E.; and Buskirk, W. H. (1978) Environmental determinants of object manipulation by chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in two southern African environments. Journal of Human Evolution 7: 205–16. [WCM, STP]Google Scholar
Harlow, H. F.; Schitz, K. A.; and Harlow, M. K. (1969) Effects of social isolation on learning performance of rhesus monkeys. In Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Primatology, vol. 1, Behavior, ed. Carpenter, C. R., pp. 178–85. Basel: Karger. [AM]Google Scholar
Hartley, R., and Goldenson, R. (1963) The complete book of play. Rev. ed. New York: Thomas Crowell Co. [STP]Google Scholar
Hass, H. (1970) The human animal. New York: Dell Publishing Co. [STP]Google Scholar
Hayes, K. (1976) Pretend play. In Play, its role in development and evolution, ed. Bruner, J., Jolly, A., andSylva, K.. New York: Basic Books. [STP]Google Scholar
Hayes, K., andC., Nissen (1971) Higher mental functions in a home-raised chimpanzee. In Behavior and nonhuman primates, vol. 4, ed. Schrier, A. and Stollnitz, F.. New York: Academic Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Hernandez-Camacho, J., and Cooper, R. W. (1976) The nonhuman primates of Colombia. In Neotropical primates: field studies and conservation, ed. Thorington, R. W. and Heltne, P. G., pp. 35–69. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. [EOS]Google Scholar
Hewes, G. (1973) Primate communication and the gestural origin of language. Current Anthropology 14: 5–24. [VVI, STP]Google Scholar
Hewes, G. (1973a) An explicit formulation of the relationship between tool-using, tool-making, and the emergence of language. Visible Language 7(2):101–27. [GWH]Google Scholar
Hockett, C. (1960) The origin of speech. Scientific American 203: 88–96. [STP]Google Scholar
Hodos, W. (1976) The concept of homology and the evolution of behavior. In Evolution, brain and behavior: persistent problems, ed. Masterton, R. B., Bitterman, M. E., Campbell, B. G., andHotton, N.. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [WOD]Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1966) Cranial capacity, neural reorganization, and hominid evolution: a search for more suitable parameters. American Anthropologist 68: 103–21. [STP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1968) The evolution of the primate brain: some aspects of quantitative development. Brain Research 7: 121–72. [STP]Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1969) Culture: a human domain. Current Anthropology 10: 395–412. [STP]Google Scholar
Howell, N. (1976) The population of the Dobe Area!Kung. In Kalahari hunter-gatherers, ed. Lee, R. B. and Vore, I. De. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Hughes, J., and Redshaw, M. (1973) The psychological development of two infant gorillas: a preliminary report. The Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust Annual Report of 1973: 34–46. [SC]Google Scholar
Humphries, N. (1976) The social function of intellect. In Growing points in ethology, ed. Bateson, P. P. G. and Hinde, R. A.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [AJ, STP]Google Scholar
Huxley, T. H. (1959) Man's place in nature. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Inheider, B., and Piaget, J. (1964) The early growth of logic. New York: W. W. Norton. [STP]Google Scholar
Isaac, G. (1969) Studies of early culture in East-Africa. World Archaeology 1: 1–28. [GLI]Google Scholar
Isaac, G. (1976a) East Africa as a source of fossil evidence for human evolution. In Human origins, ed. Isaac, G. and McCown, E.. Perspectives on human evolution, vol. 3. Menlo Park, Calif.: W. A. Benjamin Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Isaac, G. (1976b) Stages of cultural elaboration in the Pleistocene: possible archeological indications of the development of language capabilities. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 280: 275–88. [STP]Google Scholar
Isaac, G. (1978) The food-sharing behavior of protohuman hominids. Scientific American 238: 90–109. [JK, STP]Google Scholar
Isaac, G. (1978a) Food sharing and human evolution: archaeological evidence from the Plio-Pleistocene of East Africa. Journal of Anthropological Research 34: 311–25. [GLI]Google Scholar
Ivanov, V. V. (1977) K lingvisticeskomu i kul'turno-antropologiceskomu aspektam problem antropogeneza (On linguistic and cultural anthropological aspects of the anthropogenetic problems). In Raunhygaya etniceskaya is-toria narodov Vostockoy Azii (Early ethnohistory of the people of East Asia), ed. Čebokscrow, N. N., Kryukov, M. N., and M. V. Sofronov. [VVI]Google Scholar
Ivanov, V. V. (1978a) Netinečet. Asimmetriya mozga i znakovyh (Odd and even. The asymmetry of brain and the sign systems). Moscow. Souyetskoye radio. [VVI]Google Scholar
Ivanov, V. V. (1978b) Znakovaya sistema bessoznatel'nogo kak se semiotičeskaya problema (Sign system of the unconscious as a semiotic problem) In The unconscious, vol. 3, ed. Bassin, V. V.. Tbilisi: Mecnieraba. [VVI]Google Scholar
Izawa, K. (1978) Frog-eating behavior of wild black-capped capuchin (Cebusapella). Primates 19: 633–42. [EOS]Google Scholar
Jacobsen, S. (1963) Sequence of myelinization in the brain of the albino rat. A cerebral cortex, thalamus and related structures. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 121: 5–29. [STP]Google Scholar
Jacobson, M. (1978) Developmental neurobiology. 2d ed.New York: Plenum Press. [WOD, STP]Google Scholar
Jarvis, M. J., and Ettlinger, G. (1977) Cross-modal recognition in chimpanzees and monkeys. Neuropsychologia 15: 499–506. [GE]Google Scholar
Jerison, H. J. (1973) Evolution of the brain and intelligence. New York: Academic Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Johanson, D., and White, T. (1979) A systematic assessment of an early African hominid. Science 203: 321–30. [AM, STP]Google Scholar
Jolly, A. (1964) Prosimians' manipulation of simple object problems. Animal Behaviour 12: 560–70. [STP, CTS]Google Scholar
Jolly, A. (1966) Lemur social behavior and primate intelligence. Science 153, 501–6. [AJ]Google Scholar
Jolly, A. (1972) The evolution of primate behavior. New York: Macmillan. [STP, CTS]Google Scholar
Jolly, A. (1974) The study of primate infancy. In The growth of competence, ed. Connolly, K. and Bruner, J.. New York: Academic Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Jolly, C. (1970) The seed-eaters: a new model of hominid differentiation based on a baboon analogy. Man 5: 5–26. [GLI, STP]Google Scholar
Jones, C., and Sabater-Pi, J. (1971) Comparative ecology of Gorilla gorilla (Savage and Wyman) and Pan troglodytes (Blumenbach) in Rio Muni, West Africa. Bibliotheca Primatologica no. 13. Basel: Karger. [STP]Google Scholar
Kamara, A., and Easley, J. (1977) Is the role of cognitive development uniform across cultures? A methodological critique with new evidence from Themne children. In Piagetian psychology: cross-cultural contributions, ed. Dasen, P.. New York: Gardener Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Kamii, C. (1973) Piaget's interactionism and the process of teaching young children. In Piaget in the classroom, ed. Schwebel, M. and Raph, J.. New York: Basic Books. [CJB]Google Scholar
Kawamura, S. (1967) Aggression as studied in troops of Japanese monkeys. In Aggression and defense. Neural mechanisms and social problems (Brain Function, vol. V), Berkeley-Los Angeles: 200–5. [VVI]Google Scholar
Keller-Cohen, D. (1978) Context in child language. Annual Review of Anthropology 7: 453–77. [AM]Google Scholar
King, M. C., and Wilson, A. (1975) Evolution at two levels in humans and chimpanzees. Science 188: 107. [STP]Google Scholar
Kingsley, J. P.; Collins, G. H.; and Converse, W. K. (1970) Effect of sciatic neurectomy on myelinogenesis in the rat spinal cord. Experimental Neurology 26: 498–508. [STP]Google Scholar
Klein, L. L., and Klein, D. J. (1973) Observations on two types of neotropical primate intertaxa interactions. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 38: 649–54. [EOS]Google Scholar
Klein, L. L., and Klein, D. J. (1975) Social and ecological contrasts between four taxa of neotropical primates. In Socioecology and psychology of primates, ed. Tuttle, R. H.. The Hague: Mouton. [STP, EOS]Google Scholar
Köhler, W. (1927) The mentality of apes. 2d rev. ed. New York: Vintage Books. [STP]Google Scholar
Kortlandt, A. (in press) How might early hominids have defended themselves against large predators and food competitors? Yearbook of Physical Anthropology. [JW]Google Scholar
Kortlandt, A., and Kooij, M. (1963) Protohominid behavior in primates, (preliminary communication). In Primates ed. Napier, J. and Barnicot, N. A.. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London 10: 61–88. [STP]Google Scholar
Kummer, H. (1971) Immediate causes of primate social structures. In Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Primatology, vol. 3, ed. Kummer, H.. Basel: Karger. [JK]Google Scholar
Kushel, R. (1974) A lexicon of signs from a Polynesian outlier island. A description of 217 signs as developed and used by Kogobai, the only deaf-mute of Renelé Island (Psykologisk Skriffserie no. 8). Copenhagen. Psychological Laboratory, Copenhagen University. [VVI]Google Scholar
Larnendella, J. T. (1976) Relations between the ontogeny and phylogeny of language: a neo-recapitulationist view. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 280: 396–412. [JTL, STP]Google Scholar
Lancaster, J. (1978) Carrying and sharing in human evolution. Human Nature 1 (no. 2):82–89. [STP]Google Scholar
Lane, H. (1977) The wild boy of Aveyron. New York: Bantam Books. [STP]Google Scholar
Leakey, M. D. (1979) Footprints in the ashes of time. National Geographic 155: 446–57. [AM]Google Scholar
Leakey, M. G. (1971) Olduvai Gorge, vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Leaky, M. G., and Leakey, R. E. (1978) The fossil hominids and introduction to their context: 1968–74. Koobi Fora Research Project, vol. 1. London: Clarendon Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Leakey, R. G., and Lewin, R. (1977) Origins. New York: E. P. Dutton. [STP]Google Scholar
Leroi-Gourhan, (1964–1965) Le geste et la parole, vol. 1, Technique et langage; vol. 2, La mémoire et les rythmes. Paris: Albin Michel. [LL]Google Scholar
Lorenz, K. (1965) Evolution and modification of behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Luquet, G. H. (1977) Le dessin enfantin. Paris: Delachaux et Niestlé. [LL]Google Scholar
Lurçat, F. (1976) L'espace en Mathématiques et en Psychologie. Remarques d'un physicien. Cahiers de Psychologie 19: 257–83. [LL]Google Scholar
Lurçat, L. (1979) L'activité graphique à l'école maternelle. Paris: ESF. [LL]Google Scholar
McGrew, W. C. (1976) Tool use by wild chimpanzees in feeding upon driverants. Journal of Human Evolution 3: 501–8. [GLI, STP]Google Scholar
McGrew, W. C. (1978) Evolutionary implications of sex differences in chimpanzee predation and tool use. In Perspectives on human evolution, vol. 5: The great apes, ed. Hamburg, D. A. and McCown, E. R.. Menlo Park, Calif.: Benjamin Cummings. [STP]Google Scholar
McGrew, W. C., and Tutin, C. E. G. (1978) Evidence for a social custom in wild chimpanzees? Man 13: 234–51. [WCM]Google Scholar
McGrew, W. G.; Tutin, C. E. G.; and Baldwin, P. J. (1979) Chimpanzees, tools, and termites: cross-cultural comparisons of Senegal, Tanzania, and Rio Muni. Man 14: 185–214. [WCM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McHenry, H. M. (1975) Fossils and the mosaic nature of human evolution. Science 190: 425–31. [STP]Google Scholar
MacKinnon, J. (1974) The behavior and ecology of wild orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus). Animal Behaviour 22: 3–74. [STP]Google Scholar
MacKinnon, J. (1978) The ape within us. London: Collins. [AJ]Google Scholar
Macnamara, J. (1976) Stomachs assimilate and accomodate, don't they? Canadian Psychological Review 17: 167[73. [JM]Google Scholar
MacKinnon, J. (1978) Another unaccommodating look at Piaget. Canadian Psychological Review 19: 78–81. [JM] (in preparation) Names for things. [JM]Google Scholar
Mann, A. (1972) Hominid and cultural origins. Man 7: 379–86. [STP]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1965) Communication in monkeys and apes. In Primate behavior, field studies of monkeys and apes, ed. DeVore, I.. New York: Holt, Rine-hart and Winston. [STP]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1970) A comparative approach to vocal learning: song development in white crowned sparrows. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 71 (part 2):1–25. [CTS]Google Scholar
Marshack, A. (1969) Polesini, a reexamination of the engraved Upper Paleolithic mobiliary materials of Italy by a new methodology. Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche 24: 219–81. [AM]Google Scholar
Marshack, A. (1972a) Cognitive aspects of Upper Paleolithic engraving. Current Anthropology 13: 445–77. [AM]Google Scholar
Marshack, A. (1972b) The roots of civilization. New York: McGraw-Hill. [AM]Google Scholar
Marshack, A. (1972c) Upper Paleolithic notation and symbol. Science 178: 817–28. [AM]Google Scholar
Marshack, A. (1974) Commentary. Current Anthropology 15: 327–32. [AM]Google Scholar
Marshack, A. (1976) Some implications of the Paleolithic symbolic evidence for the origin of language. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 280: 289–311. [AM]Google Scholar
Marshack, A. (1977) The meander as a system: the analysis and recognition of iconographie units in Upper Paleolithic compositions, In Form in indigenous art: schematization in the art of aboriginal Australia and prehistoric Europe, ed. Ucko, Peter. London: Duckworth; and Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press. [AM]Google Scholar
Marshack, A. (1979) Upper Paleolithic symbol systems of the Russian plain: a cognitive and comparative analysis of complex ritual marking. Current Anthropology 20: 271–311. [AM]Google Scholar
Martinez, A. J., and Friede, R. L. (1970) Changes in nerve cell bodies during myelinization of their axons. Journal of Comparative Neurology 138: 329–38. [STP]Google Scholar
Mathieu, M. (1978) Piagetian assessment of cognitive development in primates. Paper presented at the 47th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Los Angeles. [STP]Google Scholar
Mathieu, M.; Bouchard, M. A.; Granger, L.; and Herscovitch, J. (1976) Piagetian object permanence In Cebus capucinus, Lagothrica, and Pan troglodytes. Animal Behaviour 24: 585–88. [SC, STP]Google Scholar
Matthews, M. A. (1964) Electron microscope study of the relationship between axon diameter and initiation of myelin production in the peripheral nervous system. Anatomical Record 161: 337–52. [STP]Google Scholar
Mayr, E. (1976) Evolution and the diversity of life. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Menzel, E. W., Davenport, R. K., and Rogers, C. M. (1963a) The effects of environmental restrictions on the chimpanzee's responsiveness to objects. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 56: 78–85. [AM]Google Scholar
Menzel, E. W., Davenport, R. K., and Rogers, C. M. (1963b) Effects of environmental restrictions upon the chimpanzee's responsiveness in novel situations. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 56: 78–85. [AM]Google Scholar
Menzel, E., and Halperin, S. (1975) Purposive behavior as a basis for objective communication between chimpanzees. Science 189: 652–54. [STP]Google Scholar
Miller, D. A. (1977) Evolution of primate chromosomes. Science 108: 1,116–24. [STP]Google Scholar
Milton, K. M., and Mittermeier, R. (1977) A brief summary of primates on Coiba Island, Panama. Primates 18: 931–36. [EOS]Google Scholar
Morris, D. (1967) The naked ape. London: Jonathan Cape. [GLI]Google Scholar
Mundinger, P. C. (1970) Vocal imitation and individual recognition of finch calls. Science 168: 480–82. [CTS]Google Scholar
Neville, M. K. (1968) Male leadership change in a free-ranging troop of Indian Rhesus monkey (Macaca Mulatta). Primates 9: 1–2. [VVI]Google Scholar
Nicholson, N. A. (1977) A comparison of early behavioral development in wild and captive chimpanzees. In Primate biosocial development, ed. Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. and Poirier, F. E.. New York: Garland Press. [JK]Google Scholar
Nishida, T.; S., Uehara; and Nyundo, R. (1979) Predatory behavior among wild chimpanzees of the Mahale mountains. Primates 20: 1–20. [JK]Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1975) A zoologist's view of some language phenomena with particular emphasis on vocal learning. In Foundation of language development vol. 1, ed. Lenneberg, E. H. and Lenneberg, E.. New York: Academic Press. [WOD]Google Scholar
Nyiti, R. (1976) The development of conservation in Meru children in Tanzania. Child Development 47: 1,122–29. [STP]Google Scholar
Ogbu, J. (1978) Ethnography and Piaget's theory of intellectual development. Paper delivered at the 47th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Los Angeles. [STP]Google Scholar
Oppenheimer, J. R. (1969) Behavior and ecology of the white-faced monkey, Cebus capucinus, on Baro Colorado Island, C. Z. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana. [EOS]Google Scholar
Orians, G. (1969) On the evolution of mating systems in birds and mammals. American Naturalist 103: 589–603. [STP]Google Scholar
Parker, S. T. (1973) Piaget's sensorimotor series in an infant macaque: the organization of non-stereotyped behavior in the evolution of intelligence. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley (Ann Arbor, University Microfilms). [SC, STP]Google Scholar
Parker, S. T. (1976) A comparative longitudinal study of the sensorimotor development in a macaque, a gorilla, and a human infant from a Piagetian perspective. Paper presented at the Animal Behaviour Society Conference, Boulder, Colorado. [SC, STP]Google Scholar
Parker, S. T. (1977) Piaget's sensorimotor period series in an infant macaque: a model for comparing unstereotyped behavior and intelligence in human and nonhuman primates. In Primate biosocial development, ed. Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. and Poirier, F. E.. New York: Garland Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Parker, S. T. (1978) Preoperational intelligence and symbolic communication in proto-hominids. Paper presented at the 47th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Los Angeles. [STP]Google Scholar
Parker, S. T. and Gibson, K. R. (1977) Object manipulation, tool use, and sensorimotor intelligence as feeding adaptations in cebus monkeys and great apes. Journal of Human Evolution 6: 623–41. [STP, EOS]Google Scholar
Pasnak, R. (1979) Acquisition of prerequisites to conservation by macaques. Journal of Experimental Psychology (Animal Behavioural Processes) 5: 194–210. [GE]Google Scholar
Passingham, R. E. (1973) Anatomical differences between the neocortex of man and other primates. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 7: 337–59. [STP]Google Scholar
Passingham, R. E. (1975b) The brain and intelligence. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 11: 1–15. [STP]Google Scholar
Passingham, R. E. (1975a) Changes in the size and organization of the brain in man and his ancestors. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 11: 73–90. [STP]Google Scholar
Passingham, R. E., and Ettlinger, G. (1974) A comparison of cortical functions in man and other primates. International Review of Neurobiology 16: 233–99. [WOD, STP]Google Scholar
Patterson, F. (1978b) Conversations with a gorilla. National Geographic 154: 438–65. [STP]Google Scholar
Patterson, F. (1978a) The gestures of a gorilla: language acquisition in another pongid species. In The great apes, ed. Hamberg, D., Goodall, J., andMcCown, E.. Perspectives in human evolution, vol. 4. Menlo Park, Cal.: W. A. Benjamin Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1962) Play, dreams and imitation in childhood. New York: W. W. Norton. [STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1963) The origins of intelligence in children. New York: W. W. Norton. [STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1965) The child's conception of number. New York: W. W. Norton. [STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1969) On the development of memory and identity. Worcester, Mass.: Clark University Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1971b) Biology and knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1971a) The construction of reality in the child. New York: Ballantine Books. [STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1972) Intellectual evolution from adolescence to adulthood. Human Development 15: 1–12. [STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1974) Understanding causality. New York: W. W. Norton. [STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1976) The necessity and significance of comparative research in genetic psychology. In The child and reality: problems in genetic psychology. New York: Penguin Books. [STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1977) The development of thought: equilibration of cognitive structures. New York: Viking Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1978) Behavior and evolution. New York: Pantheon. [HEG, STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J., and Inhelder, B. (1948) La représentation de l'espace chez l'enfant Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. [LL]Google Scholar
Piaget, J., and Inhelder, B. (1967) The child's conception of space. New York: W. W. Norton. [HDF, STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1969) The psychology of the child. New York: Basic Books. [STP]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1971) Mental imagery in the child. New York: Basic Books. [STP]Google Scholar
Pilbeam, D.; Meyer, G.; Badgley, C.; Rose, M. D.; Pickford, M. H. L.; Behrens-meyer, A. K.; and Ibrahim Shah, S. M. (1977) New hominoid primates from the Siwaliks of Pakistan and their bearing on hominoid evolution. Nature 270: 689–94. [STP]Google Scholar
Plooij, F. X. (1978) Tool use during chimpanzee bushpig hunt. Carnivore 1(2):103–6. [STP]Google Scholar
Premack, D. (1971) Language in chimpanzee? Science 172: 808–22. [STP]Google Scholar
Premack, D. (1976) Intelligence in man and ape. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [STP]Google Scholar
Premack, D., and Kennell, K. (1978) Conservation of liquid and solid quantity by the chimpanzee. Science 202: 991–94. [STP]Google Scholar
Pulos, S., and Parker, S. (1979) Precursors of object classification in great apes. (manuscript) [STP]Google Scholar
Radinsky, L. B. (1967) Relative brain size: a new measure. Science 155: 836–38. [STP]Google Scholar
Redshaw, M. (1978) Cognitive development in human and gorilla infants. Journal of Human Evolution 7: 133–41. [SC, STP]Google Scholar
Rensch, B. (1956) Increase of learning capability with increase of brain size. American Naturalist 90: 81–95. [STP]Google Scholar
Rensch, B. (1973) Play and art in apes and monkeys. In Precultural primate behavior, ed. Menzel, E. Jr, Symposium of the Fourth International Congress of Primatology, vol. 1. Basel: Karger. [STP]Google Scholar
Reynolds, V. (1963) An outline of the behavior and social organization of forest-living chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica 1: 95–102. [STP]Google Scholar
Reynolds, V. (1971) The apes. New York: Harper and Row. [STP]Google Scholar
Rhine, R. J., and Westlund, B. J. (1978) The nature of a primary feeding habit in different age-sex classes of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Folia primatologica 30: 64–79. [WCM]Google Scholar
Riddell, W., and Corl, K. G. (1977) Comparative investigation of the relationship between cerebral indices and learning abilities. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 14: 385–98. [STP]Google Scholar
Robinson, J. (1963) Adaptive radiation of the Australopithecines and the origin of man. In African ecology and human evolution, ed. Howell, F. Clark and Bourliere, F.. Chicago: Aldine. [STP]Google Scholar
Rumbaugh, D. (1970) Learning skills of anthropoids. In Primate behavior, ed. Rosenblum, L. A.. New York: Academic Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Rumbaugh, D.; Gill, J. V.; and von Glaserfeld, E. (1973) Reading and sentence completion by a chimpanzee (Pan). Science 182: 731–33. [STP]Google Scholar
Rumbaugh, D., and Savage-Rumbaugh, S. (1978) Chimpanzee language research: status and potential. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation 10(2):119–31. [STP]Google Scholar
Sanides, F. (1975) Comparative neurology of the temporal lobe in primates including man with reference to speech. Brain and Language 2: 396–419. [WOD]Google Scholar
Sarich, V., and Wilson, A. (1967) Immunological time scale for hominid evolution. Science 158: 1,200–3. [STP]Google Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, S.; Rumbaugh, D.; and Boysen, S. (1978) Symbolic communication between two chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Science 201: 641–44. [STP]Google Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, S.; Rumbaugh, D.; and Boysen, S. (1979) Linguistically mediated tool use and exchange by chimpanzees (Pantroglodytes). The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1: 539–54. [STP]Google Scholar
Schaller, G. (1963) The mountain gorilla: behavior and ecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Schiller, P. (1949) Innate motor action as a basis of learning. In Instinctive behavior, ed. Schiller, P.. New York: International Universities Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Schultz, A. H. (1950) The physical distinctions of man. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 94: 428–49. [STP]Google Scholar
Scott, J. P. (1979) Review of D. P. Barash, Sociobiology and behavior. American Anthropologist 81: 129–31. [JK]Google Scholar
Shariff, G. A. (1953) Cell counts in the primate cerebral cortex. Journal of Comparative Neurology 98: 381–400. [STP]Google Scholar
Sholl, D. C. (1959) A comparative study of neuronal blocking density in the cerebral cortex. Journal of Anatomy (London) 93: 143–58. [STP]Google Scholar
Siegel, L. S., and Brainerd, C. J., eds. (1978) Alternatives to Piaget. New York: Academic Press. [WOD]Google Scholar
Silk, J. (1978) Patterns of food sharing among mother and infant chimpanzees at the Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania. Folia Primatologica 29: 129–41. [GLI, JK, STP]Google Scholar
Simons, E. (1976) The nature of the transition in the dental mechanism from pongids to hominids. Journal of Human Evolution 5: 511–28. [STP]Google Scholar
Simons, E. (1977) Ramapithecus. Scientific American 236: 28–35. [STP]Google Scholar
Slobin, D. (1973) Cognitive prerequisites for the development of grammar. In Studies of child language development, ed. Ferguson, C. and Slobin, D.. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. [STP]Google Scholar
Smith, V. J.; Chase, J.; and Lieblich, A. K. (1974). Tongue showing. Semiotica 11: 201–46. [VVI]Google Scholar
Stenhouse, D. (1974) The evolution of intelligence. New York: Harper and Row. [STP, JW]Google Scholar
Stephan, H. (1972) Evolution of primate brains: a comparative anatomical investigation. In The functional and evolutionary biology of primates, ed. Tuttle, R. H.. Chicago: Aldine. [STP]Google Scholar
Struhsaker, T. T., and Leland, L. (1977) Palmnut smashing by Cebus a. apella in Colombia. Biotropica 9: 124–26. [EOS]Google Scholar
Sokolyansky, I. A. (1959) The acquisition of grammatic pattern of speech by a blind deaf-mute child. [In Russian] Reports of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the Russian SSR, N1:121–24. [VVI]Google Scholar
Suzuki, A. (1969) An ecological study of chimpanzees in a savanna woodland. Primates 10: 103–46. [STP]Google Scholar
Symons, D. (1978) Play and aggression: a study of rhesus monkeys. New York: Columbia University Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Tanner, N., and Zihlman, A. (1976) Women in evolution. Part I: innovation and selection in human origins. Signs 1: 585–608. [GLI, STP]Google Scholar
Tattersall, I. (1975) The evolutionary significance of Ramapithecus. Minneap-olis: Burgess Publishing Co. [STP]Google Scholar
Teleki, G. (1973) The predatory behavior of wild chimpanzees. Lewisburg, Pa.: Bucknell University Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Teleki, G. (1974) Chimpanzee subsistence technology: materials and skills. Journal of Human Evolution 3: 575–94. [STP]Google Scholar
Teleki, G. (1975) Primate subsistence patterns: collector-predators and gatherer-hunters. Journal of Human Evolution 4: 125–84. [STP]Google Scholar
Temerlin, M. (1975) Lucy: growing up human. Palo Alto, Cal.: Science and Behavior Books. [STP]Google Scholar
Thom, R. (1974) Modèles mathématiques de la morphogenése. Recueil de textes sur la theorie des catastrophes, et ses application. Paris: Union Génerale d'éditions. [VVI]Google Scholar
Thom, R. (1976) La genèse de l'espace représentatif selon Piaget. Psychologie Scolaire 7: 11–19. [LL]Google Scholar
Thorndike, E. L. (1913) Educational psychology. New York: Teachers College Press. [CJB]Google Scholar
Tiger, L., and Fox, R. (1971) The imperial animal. New York: Holt, Rinerjart and Winston. [GLI]Google Scholar
Tikh, N. A. (1970) Predistorya obscestva (Prehistory of society). Leningrad: Leningrad University Press. [VVI]Google Scholar
Tilney, F., and Casamajor, L. (1924) Myelinogeny as applied to the study of behavior. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 12: 1–66. [STP]Google Scholar
Tinbergen, N. (1938) Über die Orientierung des Bienenwolfes (Philanthus triangulum Fabr.). III. Die Bevorzugung bestimmter Wegmarken. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Physiologie 25: 292–334. [CTS]Google Scholar
Tobias, P. V. (1967) Cultural hominization among the earliest African Plio-Pleistocene hominids. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 33: 367–76. [GLI]Google Scholar
Tobias, P. V. (1970) Brain size, grey matter and race – fact or fiction? American Journal of Physical Anthropology 32: 3–25. [STP]Google Scholar
Tobias, P. V. (1971) The brain in hominid evolution. New York: Columbia University Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Trivers, R. (1972) Parental investment and sexual selection. In Sexual selection and the descent of man, ed. Campbell, B.. Chicago: Aldine. [STP]Google Scholar
Uzgiris, I., and Hunt, J. McV. (1975) Assessment in infancy. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Van Lawick-Goodall, J. (1968a) A preliminary report on the expressive movements and communication in the Gombe Stream chimpanzees. In Primates: studies in adaptation and variability, ed. Jay, P. D.. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston [STP]Google Scholar
Van Lawick-Goodall, J. (1968b) The behavior of free-living chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream Reserve. Animal Behavior Monographs, pp. 161–311. [STP]Google Scholar
Van Lawick-Goodall, J. (1970) Tool using in primates and other vertebrates. In Advances in the study of behavior, vol. 3, ed. Lehrman, D. S., Hinde, R. A., andShaw, E.. New York: Academic Press. [STP]Google Scholar
Van Lawick-Goodall, J. (1971) In the shadow of man. New York: Dell Publishing Co. [STP]Google Scholar
Van Lawick, H.; Marler, P.; and Lawick-Goodall, J. (1971) Vocalizations of wild chimpanzees. New York: Rockefeller University, (film) [SC]Google Scholar
Vaughter, R. M.; Smotherman, W.; and Ordy, J. M.Development of object permanence in the infant squirrel monkey. Developmental Psychology 7(1):34–38. [STP]Google Scholar
Washburn, S. L. (1960) Tools and human evolution. Scientific American 203: 63–75. [GLI, STP]Google Scholar
Washburn, S. L. (1973) The evolution game. Journal of Human Evolution 2: 557–61. [WOD]Google Scholar
Watts, D. P. (1977) Activity patterns and resource use of white-faced Cebus monkeys (Cebus capucinus) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone. M. A. thesis, University of Chicago. [EOS]Google Scholar
Wheeler, W. M. (1930) Demons in the dust. New York: W. W. Norton. [STP]Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1975) Sociobiology, the new synthesis. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. [GLI, VVI, STP]Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1978) On human nature. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. [JW]Google Scholar
Wilson, R. S. (1978) Synchronies in mental development: an epigenetic perspective. Science 202: 939–48. [STP]Google Scholar
Wind, J. (1970) On the phytogeny and the ontogeny of the human larynx. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff. [JW]Google Scholar
Wind, J. (1976) Phylogeny of the human vocal tract. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 280: 612–30. [JW]Google Scholar
Wise, K.; Wise, L.; and Zimmerman, R. (1974) Piagetian object permanence in the infant rhesus monkey. Developmental Psychology 10(3):429–37. [SC, STP]Google Scholar
Wright, R. V. S. (1972) Imitative learning of a flake stone technology: the case of an orang utan. Mankind 8: 296–306. [STP]Google Scholar
Yakovlev, P., and Lecours, A. R. (1967) Myelogenetic cycles of regional maturation of the brain. In Regional development of the brain in early life, ed. Minkowski, A. and _Davis, F. A.. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis. [STP]Google Scholar
Zihlman, A.; Cronin, J.; Cramer, D.; and Sarich, V. (1978) Pygmy chimpanzee as possible prototype for the common ancestor of humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas. Nature 275: 744–46. [STP]Google Scholar