Author affiliations
Author affiliations should represent the institution(s) at which the research presented was conducted and/or supported and/or approved. For non-research content, any affiliations should represent the institution(s) with which each author is currently affiliated.
For more information, please see our author affiliation policy and author affiliation FAQs.
ORCID
We encourage authors to identify themselves using ORCID when submitting a manuscript to this journal. ORCID provides a unique identifier for researchers and, through integration with key research workflows such as manuscript submission and grant applications, provides the following benefits:
- Discoverability: ORCID increases the discoverability of your publications, by enabling smarter publisher systems and by helping readers to reliably find work that you have authored.
- Convenience: As more organisations use ORCID, providing your iD or using it to register for services will automatically link activities to your ORCID record, and will enable you to share this information with other systems and platforms you use, saving you re-keying information multiple times.
- Keeping track: Your ORCID record is a neat place to store and (if you choose) share validated information about your research activities and affiliations.
See our ORCID FAQs for more information. If you don’t already have an iD, you can create one by registering directly at https://ORCID.org/register.
ORCIDs can also be used if authors wish to communicate to readers up-to-date information about how they wish to be addressed or referred to (for example, they wish to include pronouns, additional titles, honorifics, name variations, etc.) alongside their published articles. We encourage authors to make use of the ORCID profile’s “Published Name” field for this purpose. This is entirely optional for authors who wish to communicate such information in connection with their article. Please note that this method is not currently recommended for author name changes: see Cambridge’s author name change policy if you want to change your name on an already published article. See our ORCID FAQs for more information.
Accessibility requirements
All articles published by Cambridge are required to meet the accessibility standards outlined in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 Level AA. To ensure that material published in Cambridge journals is accessible to and understandable by all, authors should carefully consider elements such as colour use, contrast, and text clarity when preparing images and tables. For detailed guidance on image and multimedia file preparation and preferred formats, please see the Cambridge Journals Artwork Guide.
Image, table, and multimedia descriptions: Accessibility materials must be made available for all figures, tables, and multimedia content to be published within the article, including the provision of image descriptions or “alt-text” for all figures. Authors have the opportunity to prepare their own alt-text and video/audio descriptions for all of their relevant materials and submit this to Cambridge as part of the Accessibility Descriptions Submission Form.
As the subject expert, authors are encouraged to provide their own accessibility materials. For detailed instructions on their preparation, please see our guide to Preparing Accessible Materials. If accessibility materials are required for the publication of your article and not provided with the accepted manuscript files, these will be machine generated for you and made available to review at proof stage. The accuracy of accessibility materials is the responsibility of the author; please ensure these are checked carefully.
Labelling: All illustrative materials should be referred to in your manuscript text as “Figures”. Tables and figures must be cited in the text, must be numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals, and captions must be provided in all cases. Diagrams, graphs, maps, boxes, graphical diagrams, and code snippets must also be labelled and numbered. For further information, please see Preparing Accessible Materials.