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Associations of diet quality, food consumption, eating frequency and eating behaviour with dental caries experience in Finnish children: a 2-year longitudinal study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 August 2022

Veera F. Virkkala Open the ORCID record for Veera F. Virkkala [Opens in a new window] ,
Aino-Maija Eloranta ,
Anna Liisa Suominen ,
Anu Vierola ,
Tiina Ikävalko ,
Juuso Väistö ,
Santtu Mikkonen ,
Mirja Methuen ,
Ursula Schwab  and
Heli T. Viljakainen Open the ORCID record for Heli T. Viljakainen [Opens in a new window]
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Veera F. Virkkala*
Affiliation:
Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Aino-Maija Eloranta
Affiliation:
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
Anna Liisa Suominen
Affiliation:
Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
Anu Vierola
Affiliation:
Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Tiina Ikävalko
Affiliation:
Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
Juuso Väistö
Affiliation:
Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Santtu Mikkonen
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Mirja Methuen
Affiliation:
Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
Ursula Schwab
Affiliation:
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
Heli T. Viljakainen
Affiliation:
Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Jukka Leinonen
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
Matti Närhi
Affiliation:
Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Timo A. Lakka
Affiliation:
Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
*
*Corresponding author: Veera F. Virkkala, email veervirk@student.uef.fi
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Abstract

We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of dietary factors with caries experience in a population sample of 487 children aged 6–9 years at baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study. Altogether, 406 of these children attended 2-year follow-up examinations. Food consumption and eating frequency were assessed using 4-day food records, diet quality using the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) and eating behaviour using the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Caries experience was examined clinically. The cross-sectional associations of dietary factors with caries experience at baseline were analysed using linear regression and the longitudinal associations of dietary factors with a change in caries experience over follow-up using generalised mixed-effects regression adjusted for other risk factors. A higher consumption of high-fibre grain products (standardised regression coefficient β = −0·16, P = 0·003) and milk (β = −0·11, P = 0·025) and higher BSDS (β = −0·15, P = 0·007) were associated with lower caries experience, whereas a higher consumption of potatoes (β = 0·11, P = 0·048) and emotional overeating (β = 0·12, P = 0·025) were associated with higher caries experience. Higher snacking frequency (fixed coefficient β = 0·07, P = 0·033), desire to drink (β = 0·10, P = 0·046), slowness in eating (β = 0·12, P = 0·027) and food fussiness (β = 0·12, P = 0·018) were associated with higher caries experience, whereas enjoyment of food (β = −0·12, P = 0·034) and higher BSDS (β = −0·02, P = 0·051) were associated with lower caries experience.

Keywords

Dental cariesDiet qualityFood consumptionEating frequencyEating behaviourCEBQDietary fibreBaltic Sea diet
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 129 , Issue 8 , 28 April 2023 , pp. 1415 - 1425
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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