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Chang, Sui Kiat Alasalvar, Cesarettin and Shahidi, Fereidoon 2016. Review of dried fruits: Phytochemicals, antioxidant efficacies, and health benefits. Journal of Functional Foods, Vol. 21, p. 113.
Herrero, Soledad and Pico, Yolanda 2016. Can a healthy life prevent us from post-menopausal osteoporosis? Myths and truths. PharmaNutrition, Vol. 4, Issue. 2, p. 45.
Hooshmand, S. Kern, M. Metti, D. Shamloufard, P. Chai, S. C. Johnson, S. A. Payton, M. E. and Arjmandi, B. H. 2016. The effect of two doses of dried plum on bone density and bone biomarkers in osteopenic postmenopausal women: a randomized, controlled trial. Osteoporosis International, Vol. 27, Issue. 7, p. 2271.
Igwe, Ezinne O. and Charlton, Karen E. 2016. A Systematic Review on the Health Effects of Plums (Prunus domesticaandPrunus salicina). Phytotherapy Research, Vol. 30, Issue. 5, p. 701.
Léotoing, Laurent Wauquier, Fabien Davicco, Marie-Jeanne Lebecque, Patrice Gaudout, David Rey, Stéphane Vitrac, Xavier Massenat, Laurent Rashidi, Salim Wittrant, Yohann and Coxam, Véronique 2016. The phenolic acids of Agen prunes (dried plums) or Agen prune juice concentrates do not account for the protective action on bone in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Nutrition Research, Vol. 36, Issue. 2, p. 161.
Shahnazari, Mohammad and Halloran, Bernard 2016. Nutritional Influences on Bone Health.
Shamloufard, Pouneh Kern, Mark and Hooshmand, Shirin 2016. Bowel Function of Postmenopausal Women: Effects of Daily Consumption of Dried Plum. International Journal of Food Properties,
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Hooshmand, Shirin Kumar, Ajay Zhang, Ji Yao Johnson, Sarah A. Chai, Sheau C. and Arjmandi, Bahram H. 2015. Evidence for anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of dried plum polyphenols in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Food Funct., Vol. 6, Issue. 5, p. 1719.
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Hooshmand, Shirin Brisco, Jayme R. Y. and Arjmandi, Bahram H. 2014. The effect of dried plum on serum levels of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, osteoprotegerin and sclerostin in osteopenic postmenopausal women: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 112, Issue. 01, p. 55.
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Aside from existing drug therapies, certain lifestyle and nutritional factors are known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Among the nutritional factors, dried plum or prunes (Prunus domestica L.) is the most effective fruit in both preventing and reversing bone loss. The objective of the present study was to examine the extent to which dried plum reverses bone loss in osteopenic postmenopausal women. We recruited 236 women, 1–10 years postmenopausal, not on hormone replacement therapy or any other prescribed medication known to influence bone metabolism. Qualified participants (n 160) were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: dried plum (100 g/d) or dried apple (comparative control). Participants received 500 mg Ca plus 400 IU (10 μg) vitamin D daily. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine, forearm, hip and whole body was assessed at baseline and at the end of the study using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months to assess bone biomarkers. Physical activity recall and 1-week FFQ were obtained at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months to examine physical activity and dietary confounders as potential covariates. Dried plum significantly increased BMD of ulna and spine in comparison with dried apple. In comparison with corresponding baseline values, only dried plum significantly decreased serum levels of bone turnover markers including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b. The findings of the present study confirmed the ability of dried plum in improving BMD in postmenopausal women in part due to suppressing the rate of bone turnover.
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