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Chang, Sui Kiat Alasalvar, Cesarettin and Shahidi, Fereidoon 2016. Review of dried fruits: Phytochemicals, antioxidant efficacies, and health benefits. Journal of Functional Foods, Vol. 21, p. 113.
2016. Clinical Roundup: Selected Treatment Options for Osteoporosis. Alternative and Complementary Therapies, Vol. 22, Issue. 3, p. 125.
Igwe, Ezinne O. and Charlton, Karen E. 2016. A Systematic Review on the Health Effects of Plums (Prunus domesticaandPrunus salicina). Phytotherapy Research, Vol. 30, Issue. 5, p. 701.
Sacco, Sandra Maria Horcajada, Marie-Noëlle and Offord, Elizabeth 2013. Phytonutrients for bone health during ageing. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Vol. 75, Issue. 3, p. 697.
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2016. Outpatient Nutrition Care and Home Nutrition Support.
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Shin, Sangah and Joung, Hyojee 2013. A dairy and fruit dietary pattern is associated with a reduced likelihood of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women. British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 110, Issue. 10, p. 1926.
Wicks, Sheila and Mahady, Gail 2015. Nutrition, Fertility, and Human Reproductive Function.
Đudarić, Luka Fužinac-Smojver, Ariana Muhvić, Damir and Giacometti, Jasminka 2015. The role of polyphenols on bone metabolism in osteoporosis. Food Research International, Vol. 77, p. 290.
Smith, Brenda J. Bu, So Young Wang, Yan Rendina, Elizabeth Lim, Yin F. Marlow, Denver Clarke, Stephen L. Cullen, Diane M. and Lucas, Edralin A. 2014. A comparative study of the bone metabolic response to dried plum supplementation and PTH treatment in adult, osteopenic ovariectomized rat. Bone, Vol. 58, p. 151.
Jia, Min Nie, Yan Cao, Da-Peng Xue, Yun-Yun Wang, Jie-Si Zhao, Lu Rahman, Khalid Zhang, Qiao-Yan and Qin, Lu-Ping 2012. Potential Antiosteoporotic Agents from Plants: A Comprehensive Review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 2012, p. 1.
Lee, Kyung-Jin Kim, Kyung-Soo Kim, Ha-Na Seo, Jin-A and Song, Sang-Wook 2014. Association between dietary calcium and phosphorus intakes, dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio and bone mass in the Korean population. Nutrition Journal, Vol. 13, Issue. 1,
Hooshmand, Shirin Kumar, Ajay Zhang, Ji Yao Johnson, Sarah A. Chai, Sheau C. and Arjmandi, Bahram H. 2015. Evidence for anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of dried plum polyphenols in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Food Funct., Vol. 6, Issue. 5, p. 1719.
Léotoing, Laurent Wauquier, Fabien Davicco, Marie-Jeanne Lebecque, Patrice Gaudout, David Rey, Stéphane Vitrac, Xavier Massenat, Laurent Rashidi, Salim Wittrant, Yohann and Coxam, Véronique 2016. The phenolic acids of Agen prunes (dried plums) or Agen prune juice concentrates do not account for the protective action on bone in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Nutrition Research, Vol. 36, Issue. 2, p. 161.
Smith, B. J. Graef, J. L. Wronski, T. J. Rendina, E Williams, A. A. Clark, K. A. Clarke, S. L. Lucas, E. A. and Halloran, B. P. 2014. Effects of Dried Plum Supplementation on Bone Metabolism in Adult C57BL/6 Male Mice. Calcified Tissue International, Vol. 94, Issue. 4, p. 442.
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Hooshmand, S. Kern, M. Metti, D. Shamloufard, P. Chai, S. C. Johnson, S. A. Payton, M. E. and Arjmandi, B. H. 2016. The effect of two doses of dried plum on bone density and bone biomarkers in osteopenic postmenopausal women: a randomized, controlled trial. Osteoporosis International, Vol. 27, Issue. 7, p. 2271.
Ziegenfuss, Tim N Habowski, Scott M Lemieux, Robert Sandrock, Jennifer E Kedia, A Kerksick, Chad M and Lopez, Hector L 2015. Effects of a dietary supplement on golf drive distance and functional indices of golf performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Vol. 12, Issue. 1, p. 4.
Aside from existing drug therapies, certain lifestyle and nutritional factors are known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Among the nutritional factors, dried plum or prunes (Prunus domestica L.) is the most effective fruit in both preventing and reversing bone loss. The objective of the present study was to examine the extent to which dried plum reverses bone loss in osteopenic postmenopausal women. We recruited 236 women, 1–10 years postmenopausal, not on hormone replacement therapy or any other prescribed medication known to influence bone metabolism. Qualified participants (n 160) were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: dried plum (100 g/d) or dried apple (comparative control). Participants received 500 mg Ca plus 400 IU (10 μg) vitamin D daily. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine, forearm, hip and whole body was assessed at baseline and at the end of the study using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months to assess bone biomarkers. Physical activity recall and 1-week FFQ were obtained at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months to examine physical activity and dietary confounders as potential covariates. Dried plum significantly increased BMD of ulna and spine in comparison with dried apple. In comparison with corresponding baseline values, only dried plum significantly decreased serum levels of bone turnover markers including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b. The findings of the present study confirmed the ability of dried plum in improving BMD in postmenopausal women in part due to suppressing the rate of bone turnover.
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