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Dietary β-carotene inhibits mammary carcinogenesis in rats depending on dietary α-linolenic acid content

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Virginie Maillard ,
Claude Hoinard ,
Khelifa Arab ,
Marie-Lise Jourdan ,
Philippe Bougnoux  and
Véronique Chajès
Virginie Maillard
Affiliation:
Nutrition Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm E 0211, IFR 135, 37032 Tours Cedex, France
Claude Hoinard
Affiliation:
Nutrition Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm E 0211, IFR 135, 37032 Tours Cedex, France
Khelifa Arab
Affiliation:
Hôpital E. Herriot, Fed. Biochimie UF 206, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
Marie-Lise Jourdan
Affiliation:
Nutrition Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm E 0211, IFR 135, 37032 Tours Cedex, France
Philippe Bougnoux*
Affiliation:
Nutrition Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm E 0211, IFR 135, 37032 Tours Cedex, France
Véronique Chajès
Affiliation:
FRE 2939, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
*
*Corresponding author: Professor P. Bougnoux, fax +33 2 47 36 62 26, email bougnoux@med.univ-tours.fr
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Abstract

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To investigate whether dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA) content alters the effect of β-carotene on mammary carcinogenesis, we conducted a chemically induced mammary tumorigenesis experiment in rats randomly assigned to four nutritional groups (15 rats per group) varying in β-carotene supplementation and ALA content. Two oil formula-enriched diets (15%) were used: one with 6g ALA/kg diet in an essential fatty acids (EFA) ratio of linoleic acid:ALA of 5:1 w/w (EFA 5 diet), the other with 24g ALA/kg diet in an EFA ratio of 1:1 w/w (EFA 1 diet), both designed with a similar linoleic acid content. β-Carotene was either added (10mg/kg diet per d) or not added to these diets. β-Carotene supplementation led to decreased tumour incidence and tumour growth when added to the EFA 5 diet, whereas it had no effect when added to the EFA 1 diet. The decreased tumour growth did not result from an involvement of lipoperoxidation (tumour malondialdehyde content being similar between the groups) or from an inhibition of tumour cell proliferation (as there was an unchanged S phase fraction in the tumours). We concluded that an adequate content of ALA in the diet is required to allow a protective effect of β-carotene in mammary carcinogenesis. Whether such an interaction between ALA and β-carotene influences the risk of breast cancer in women needs to be investigated.

Keywords

β-Caroteneα-Linolenic acidn-6:n-3 fatty acid ratioMammary tumours
Type
Short Communication
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 96 , Issue 1 , January 2006 , pp. 18 - 21
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2006

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