Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-75dct Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-04T02:23:07.547Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Gastrointestinal adaptation in response to soluble non-available polysaccharides in the rat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

I. T. Johnson  and
Jennifer M. Gee
I. T. Johnson
Affiliation:
AFRC Food Research Institute Norwich, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA
Jennifer M. Gee
Affiliation:
AFRC Food Research Institute Norwich, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

1. Rats were fed on a control semi-synthetic diet containing insoluble cellulose (Solkafloc; 100 g/kg; control group) as the only source of dietary fibre, or on one of two test diets containing the same quantity of either guar gum or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Animals in the test groups showed similar growth rates and food intakes, which were significantly lower than those of the control group. The CMC group produced frequent poorly formed faeces throughout the 21 d feeding period.

2. The small intestines of animals in both test groups were significantly longer than those of the control group at the end of the study. The caeca were also enlarged and heavier, particularly in the CMC-fed group.

3. The rate of production of mucosal cells was increased in the small and large intestines of both test groups. The CMC-fed group exhibited a particularly high rate in the distal ileum, where the rate of cell divisions per crypt was over three times greater than at the same site in the control group. The increased proliferation was associated with a significant lengthening of the crypts and an approximately 25% increase in the basal width of the villi.

4. Mucosal alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) levels were lower than those of the control group at proximal and distal sites in the small intestines of both CMC- and guar-gum-fed groups. Altered spatial distributions of maltase (EC 3.2.1.20) and sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48) activities were also observed in these animals.

5. The consumption of at least some gel-forming polysaccharides evidently leads to significant physiological adaptation in the intestinal mucosa of rats, associated with alterations in mucosal cell proliferation. The mechanism underlying this response appears not to be entirely dependent on the physical properties of the chyme.

Type
Papers of direct relevance to Clinical and Human Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 55 , Issue 3 , May 1986 , pp. 497 - 505
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1986

References

REFERENCES

Asp, N. G. & Dahlqvist, A. (1972). Analytical Biochemistry 47, 527–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, N. T. J. (1959). Statistical Methods in Biology, p. 99. London: English Universities Press.Google Scholar
Blackburn, N. A. & Johnson, I. T. (1981). British Journal of Nutrition 46, 239–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, R. C., Kelleher, J. & Losowsky, M. S. (1979). British Journal of Nutrition 42, 357–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burkitt, D. P., Walker, A. R. P. & Painter, N. S. (1974). Journal of the American Medical Association 229, 1068–1074.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvert, R., Schneeman, B. O., Satchithanandam, S., Cassidy, M. M. & Vahouny, G. V. (1985). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41, 1249–1256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, R. M. (1970). Journal of Anatomy 107, 519–529.Google Scholar
Conover, W. J. & Iman, R. L. (1983). Introduction to Modern Business Statistics, p. 291. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Dahlqvist, A. (1964). Analytical Biochemistry 7, 18–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlqvist, A. (1968). Analytical Biochemistry 22, 99–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dowling, R. H., Riecken, E. O., Laws, J. W. & Booth, C. C. (1967). Clinical Science 32, 1–9.Google Scholar
Fiszar-Szarfarz, B., Szarfarz, D. & Guevara de Murillo, A. (1981). Analytical Biochemistry 110, 165–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gee, J. M., Blackburn, N. A. & Johnson, I. T. (1983). British Journal of Nutrition 50, 215–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goda, T., Yamada, K., Bustamante, S. & Koldovsky, O. (1983). American Journal of Physiology 245, G418–G423.Google Scholar
Goodlad, R. A. & Wright, N. A. (1983). British Journal of Nutrition 50, 91–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobs, L. R. (1983). Cancer Research 43, 4057–4061.Google Scholar
Jacobs, L. R. & Lupton, J. R. (1984). American Journal of Physiology 246, G378–G385.Google Scholar
Johnson, I. T. & Gee, J. M. (1981). Gut 22, 398–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, I. T., Gee, J. M. & Mahoney, R. R. (1984). British Journal of Nutrition 52, 477–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konishi, F., Shidoji, Y., Oku, T. & Hosuya, N. (1984). Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine 54, 139–142.Google Scholar
Leegwater, D. C., de Groot, A. P. & Kalmthout-Kuyper, M. van (1974). Food & Cosmetics Toxicology 12, 687–697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowry, O. H., Roseborough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. J. (1951). Journal of Biological Chemistry 193, 265–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council (1972). Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals, p. 64, 2nd ed. Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Puls, W., Keup, U., Krause, H. P., Thomas, G. & Hoffmeister, F. (1982). Proceedings—First International Symposium on Acarbose Effects on Carbohydrate & Fat Metabolism, pp. 16–27 [Creutzfeldt, W., editor].Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.Google Scholar
Rosenweig, N. S. (1975). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 28, 648–655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakata, T. & Engelhardt, W. von (1983). Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology 74A, 459–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakata, T. & Yajima, T. (1984). Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 69, 639–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, S. E., Starr, C., Backman, S. & Holtzapple, P. G. (1983). Journal of Lipid Research 24, 746–752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigma Chemical Co. (1980). Sigma Technical Bulletin no. 104. St Louis, Missouri: Sigma Chemical Co.Google Scholar
Southon, S., Gee, J. M. & Johnson, I. T. (1984). British Journal of Nutrition 52, 371–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomsen, L. L. & Tasman-Jones, C. (1982). Digestion 23, 253–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamada, K., Goda, T., Bustamante, S. & Koldovsky, O. (1983). American Journal of Physiology 244, G449–G455.Google Scholar