Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T00:38:48.278Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

High fat intake lowers hepatic fatty acid synthesis and raises fatty acid oxidation in aerobic muscle in Shetland ponies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Suzanne N. J. Geelen ,
Cristina Blázquez ,
Math J. H. Geelen ,
Marianne M. Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan  and
Anton C. Beynen
Suzanne N. J. Geelen*
Affiliation:
Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Cristina Blázquez
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
Math J. H. Geelen
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Marianne M. Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan
Affiliation:
Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Anton C. Beynen
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author: Dr S. N. J. Geelen, fax +31 30 2531256, email suzannegeelen@hotmail.com
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The metabolic effects of feeding soyabean oil instead of an isoenergetic amount of maize starch plus glucose were studied in ponies. Twelve adult Shetland ponies were given a control diet (15 g fat/kg DM) or a high-fat diet (118 g fat/kg DM) according to a parallel design. The diets were fed for 45 d. Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations decreased by 55 % following fat supplementation. Fat feeding also reduced glycogen concentrations significantly by up to 65 % in masseter, gluteus and semitendinosus muscles (P<0·05, P<0·01 and P<0·01 respectively). The high-fat diet significantly increased the TAG content of semitendinosus muscle by 80 % (P<0·05). Hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase activities were 53 % (P<0·01) and 56 % (P<0·01) lower respectively in the high-fat group, but diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity was unaffected. Although carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) activity in liver mitochondria was not influenced, fat supplementation did render CPT-I less sensitive to inhibition by malonyl-CoA. There was no significant effect of diet on the activity of phosphofructokinase in the different muscles. The activity of citrate synthase was raised significantly (by 25 %; P<0·05) in the masseter muscle of fat-fed ponies, as was CPT-I activity (by 46 %; P<0·01). We conclude that fat feeding enhances both the transport of fatty acids through the mitochondrial inner membrane and the oxidative capacity of highly-aerobic muscles. The higher oxidative ability together with the depressed rate of de novo fatty acid synthesis in liver may contribute to the dietary fat-induced decrease in plasma TAG concentrations in equines.

Keywords

EquineDietary fatHepatic lipogenisisMuscle fat metabolismFatty acid oxidation
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 86 , Issue 1 , July 2001 , pp. 31 - 36
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2001

References

Barrey, E, Valette, JP, Jouglin, M, Picard, B, Geay, Y & Robelin, J (1995) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for myosin heavy chains in the horse. Reproduction Nutrition Development 35, 619–628.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergstrom, J, Hermansen, L, Hultman, E & Saltin, B (1987) Diet, muscle glycogen and physical performance. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 71, 140–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beynen, AC, Haagsman, HP, Van Golde, LMG & Geelen, MJH (1981) The effects of insulin and glucagon on the release of triacylglycerols by isolated rat hepatocytes are mere reflections of the hormonal effects on the rate of triacylglycerol synthesis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 665, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beynen, AC, Vaartjes, WJ & Geelen, MJH (1979) Opposite effects of insulin and glucagon in acute hormonal control of hepatic lipogenesis. Diabetes 28, 828–835.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boyadjiev, N (1996) Increase of aerobic capacity by submaximal training and high-fat diets. Folia Medica (Plovdiv) 38, 49–59.Google ScholarPubMed
Conlee, RK, Hammer, RL, Winder, WW, Bracken, ML, Nelson, AG & Barnett, DW (1990) Glycogen repletion and exercise endurance in rats adapted to a high fat diet. Metabolism 39, 289–294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duren, SE, Jackson, SG, Bakker, JP & Aaron, DK (1987) Effect of dietary fat on blood parameters in exercised thorougbred horses. In Equine Exercise Physiology, vol. 2. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Equine Exercise Physiology, pp. 674–685 [Gillespie, JR and Robinson, NE, editors]. Davis, CA: ICEEP Publications.Google Scholar
Essen-Gustavson, B, Blomstrand, E, Karlsrom, K, Lindholm, A & Persson, SGB (1991) Influence of diet on substrate metabolism during exercise In Equine Exercise Physiology, vol. 3 pp. 288–298 [Persson, SGB, Lindholm, A and Jeffcott, LB, editors]. Davis, CA: ICEEP Publications.Google Scholar
Essen-Gustavson, B, Karlstrom, K & Lindholm, A (1984) Fiber types, enzyme activities and substrate utilisation in skeletal muscles of horses competing in endurance rides. Equine Veterinary Journal 16, 197–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geelen, MJH, Bijleveld, C, Velasco, G, Wanders, RJA & Guzmán, M (1997) Studies on the intracellular localization of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication 233, 253–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geelen, SNJ, Jansen, WL, Geelen, MJH, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, MM & Beynen, AC (2000) Lipid metabolism in equines fed a fat-rich diet. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 70, 148–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geelen, SNJ, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, MM & Beynen, AC (1999) Dietary fat supplementation and equine plasma lipid metabolism. Equine Veterinary Journal 30 Suppl., 475–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greiwe, KM, Meacham, TN, Fregin, GF & Walberg, JL (1989) Effect of added dietary fat on exercising horses. In Proceedings of the 11th Equine Nutrition and Physiology Symposium, Oklahoma State University, pp. 101–106. Savoy, IL: Equine Nutrition and Physiology Society.Google Scholar
Guzmán, M, Bijleveld, C & Geelen, MJH (1995) Flexibility of zonation of fatty acid oxidation in rat liver. Biochemical Journal 311, 853–860.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guzmán, M & Geelen, MJH (1992) Activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase in mitochondrial outer membranes and peroxisomes in digitonin-permeabilized hepatocytes. Selective modulation of mitochondrial enzyme activity by okadaic acid. Biochemical Journal 287, 487–492.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guzmán, M & Geelen, MJH (1993) Regulation of fatty acid oxidation in mammalian liver. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1167, 227–241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harkins, JD, Morris, GS, Tulley, RT, Nelson, AG & Kammerling, SG (1992) Effect of added dietary fat on racing performance in Thoroughbred horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 12, 123–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassid, WZ & Abraham, S (1957) Determination of glycogen. Methods in Enzymology 3, 34–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helge, JW & Kiens, B (1997) Muscle enzyme activity in man: role of substrate availability and training. American Journal of Physiology 272, 1620–1624.Google ScholarPubMed
Hodgson, DR, Rose, RJ, Dimauro, J & Allen, JR (1986) Effects of training on muscle composition in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 47, 12–15.Google ScholarPubMed
Hultman, E & Bergstrom, J (1967) Muscle glycogen synthesis in relation to diet studied in normal subjects. Acta Medica Scandinavica 182, 109–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ishikawa, E, Ogushi, S, Ishikawa, T & Uyeda, K (1990) Activation of mammalian phosphofructokinase by ribose 1,5-bisphosphate. Journal Biological Chemistry 265, 18875–18878.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, DL, Potter, GD, Greene, LW & Odom, TW (1992) Muscle glycogen in exercised miniature horses at various body conditions and fed a control or fat-supplemented diet. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 12, 287–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kayar, SR, Hoppeler, H, Essen-Gustavson, B & Schwerzmann, K (1988) The similarity of mitochodrial distribution in equine skeletal muscles of differing oxidative capacity. Journal of Experimental Biology 137, 253–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiens, B, Essen-Gustavson, B, Gad, P & Lithel, H (1987) Lipoprotein lipase activity and intramuscular triglyceride stores after long term high fat and high carbohydrate diets in physically trained men. Clinical Physiology 7, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGarry, JD & Brown, NF (1997) The mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase system. From concept to molecular analysis. European Journal of Biochemistry 244, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, WC, Bryce, GR & Conlee, RK (1984) Adaptations to a high fat diet that increase exercise endurance in male rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 56, 78–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oldham, SL, Potter, GD, Evans, JW, Smith, SB, Taylor, TS & Barnes, WS (1990) Storage and mobilization of muscle glycogen in exercising horses fed a fat supplemented diet. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 10, 353–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orme, CE, Harris, RC, Marlin, DJ & Hurley, J (1997) Metabolic adaptations to a fat supplemented diet by the thoroughbred horse. British Journal of Nutrition 78, 443–458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pagan, JD, Essen-Gustavson, B, Lindholm, A & Thornton, J (1987) The effect of dietary energy source on exercise performance in standardbred horses. In Equine Exercise Physiology, vol. 2. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Equine Exercise Physiology, pp. 686–700 [Gillespie, JR and Robinson, NE, editors]. Davis, CA: ICEEP Publications.Google Scholar
Passonneau, JV & Lowry, OH (1993) Enzymatic Analysis, pp. 274–275. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press Inc.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phinney, SD, Bistrain, BR, Evans, WJ, Gervino, E & Blackburn, GL (1983) The human metabolic response to chronic ketosis without caloric restriction: preservation of submaximal exercise capability with reduced carbohydrate oxidation. Metabolism 32, 769–776.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, BD, Potter, GD, Greene, LW, Harris, PS & Anderson, JG (1992) Efficacy of fat supplemented diet on muscle glycogen concentrations in exercising Thoroughbred horses maintained in various body conditions. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 12, 109–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simi, B, Sempore, B, Mayet, MH & Favier, JW (1991) Additive effects of training and high fat diet on energy metabolism during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 71, 197–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snow, DH (1983) Skeletal muscle adaptions: A review. In Equine Exercise Physiology, pp. 160–183 [Snow, DH, Persson, SGB and Rose, RJ, editors]. Cambridge, MA: Burlington Press.Google Scholar
Stitt, M (1983) Citrate synthase. In Methods in Enzymatic Analysis, pp. 353–358 [Bergmeyer, HU, editors]. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie.Google Scholar
Sundler, R, Åkesson, B & Nilsson, Å (1974) Effect of different fatty acids on glycerolipid synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 249, 5102–5107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tijburg, LBM, Maquedano, A, Bijleveld, C, Guzmán, M & Geelen, MJH (1988) Effects of ethanol feeding on hepatic lipid synthesis. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 267, 568–579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vusse, GJ & Reneman, RS (1996) Lipid metabolism in muscle. In Handbook of Physiology, Section 12, Exercise: Regulation and Integration of Multiple Systems, pp. 952–994. Ney York: Oxford Press.Google Scholar
Webb, SP, Potter, GD & Evans, JW (1987) Physiologic and metabolic response of race and cutting horses to added dietary fat. In Proceedings of the 10th Equine Nutritional Physiology Symposium. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 8.Google Scholar