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Accepted manuscript

Maternal pre-pregnancy diet and prenatal depression: The mediating role of pre-pregnancy weight status and prenatal inflammation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2024

Elnaz Vaghef-Mehrabani
Affiliation:
Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Rhonda C. Bell
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Catherine J. Field
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Megan Jarman
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
Jenna L. Evanchuk
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Nicole Letourneau
Affiliation:
Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Gerald F. Giesbrecht*
Affiliation:
Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
*
*Correspondent: Gerald F. Giesbrecht, Ph.D. Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4, Tel: (403) 441-8469; Email: ggiesbre@ucalgary.ca.
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Abstract

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Depression is a common prenatal psychological complication. We aimed to investigate if maternal pre-pregnancy diet can impact prenatal depressive symptoms, and the mediating role of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and inflammation. We used data (N=1141) from the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort study. We calculated Mediterranean diet adherence (MED) and dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores using data from pre-pregnancy food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In the 3rd-trimester, we assessed depressive symptoms using Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), and inflammation through serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. BMI was calculated from self-reported pre-pregnancy weight. Race-stratified analyses (white and people of color) were run. We observed no association between MED or DII tertiles and depressive symptoms. However, white participants in the MED tertile-3 had lower risk of depression (EPDS<10) compared to tertile-1 (OR=0.56, 95% CI, 0.33, 0.95). White individuals in MED tertile-3 had lower BMI (MD=-1.08; 95%CI, -1.77, -0.39), and CRP (MD=-0.53; 95%CI, -0.95, -0.11) than tertile-1, and those in DII tertile-2 (MD=0.44;95%CI, 0.03, 0.84) and tertile-3 (MD=0.42; 95%CI, 0.01, 0.83) had higher CRP than tertile-1. Among people of color, neither MED nor DII were associated with BMI or CRP, but BMI was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (β=-0.25, 95%CI, -0.43, -0.06). We found no association between diet and depressive symptoms through BMI or CRP, in either race. Pre-pregnancy diet might affect the risk of prenatal depression in a race-specific way. Further research is required to explore the racial differences in the association between maternal diet and prenatal depressive symptoms/depression risk.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Authors 2024