Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T20:57:54.043Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Non-nutrient bioactive substances of pulses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Martine M.-J. Champ
Martine M.-J. Champ*
Affiliation:
National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), Human Nutrition Research Centre, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes Cedex 03, France
*
*Corresponding authour: Dr Martine M.-J. Champ, fax +33 (0)2 40 67 50 12, email champ@nantes.inra.fr
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Pulses supply many bioactive substances found in minor amounts in food, but which may have significant metabolic and/or physiological effects. These compounds have long been classified as antinutritional factors, but many studies have reconsidered their impact on health. Some could play a role in the prevention of the major diseases of affluent societies. As these compounds can be beneficial or adverse, depending on conditions, an assessment of their various physiological effects is necessary to determine whether they should be preserved or eliminated in each main nutritional situation.

Keywords

PulsesBioactivesubstancesAntinutritionalfactorsHumans
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 88 , Issue S3 , December 2002 , pp. 307 - 319
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

References

Adlercreutz, H, Honjo, H, Higashi, A, Fotsis, T, Hamalainen, E, Hasagawa, T & Okada, H (1988) Lignan and phytoestrogen excretion in Japanese consuming traditional diet. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical Laboratory Investigations 48, Suppl., 190.Google Scholar
Alonso, R, Grant, G & Marzo, F (2001) Thermal treatment improves quality of pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) without reducing their hypocholesterolemic properties. Nutrition Research 21, 1067–1077.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, JW, Johnstone, BM & Cook-Newell, ME (1995) Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids. New England Journal of Medicine 333, 272–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bardocz, S, Grant, G & Pusztai, A (1996) The effect of phytohaemagglutinin at different dietary concentrations on the growth, body composition and plasma insulin of the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 76, 613–626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bender, AE (1983) Hemagglutinins (lectins) in beans. Food Chemistry 11, 309–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennetts, HW, Underwood, EJ & Shier, FL (1946) A specific breeding problem of sheep on subterranean clover pastures in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research 22, 131–138.Google ScholarPubMed
Bertrand, D, Delort-Laval, J, Melcion, JP & Valdebouze, P (1982) Influence de l'extrusion et de l'infranisation sur les facteurs antinutritionnels et la valeur alimentaire du pois (Pisum sativum L.) (Influence of extrusion cooking and infra-red treatment on antinutritional factors and nutritional value of peas (Pisum sativum L.)). Sciences des Aliments 2 (Suppl), 197–202.Google Scholar
Besançon, P (1978) La valeur nutritionnelle des légumes secs et des protéines de légumineuses (Nutritional value of pulses and proteins from grain legumes). Revue Française de Diététique. 84, 5–17.Google Scholar
Bingham, SA, Atkinson, C, Liggins, J, Bluck, L & Coward, A (1998) Review article – Phyto-oestrogens: where are we now? British Journal of Nutrition 79, 393–406.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birk, Y & Peri, I (1980) Saponins. In Toxic Constituents of Plant Foodstuffs,, pp. 161–182 [Liener, IE, editor]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Boivin, M, Flourié, B, Rizza, RA, Go, VL & DiMagno, EP (1988) Gastrointestinal and metabolic effects on amylase inhibition in diabetics. Gastroenterology 94, 387–394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boivin, M, Zinsmeiter, AR, Go, VL & Di Magno, EP (1987) Effect of a purified amylase inhibitor on carbohydrate metabolism after a mixed meal in healthy humans. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 62, 249–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bond, DA & Duc, G (1993) Plant breeding as a means of reducing antinutritional factors of grain legumes. In Recent Advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds, Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on ‘Antinutritional factors (ANFs) in legume seeds’, Wageningen, The Netherlands, December, EAAP Publication No. 70, pp. 379–396 [Van der Poel, AFB, Huisman, J and Saini, HS, editors]. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Press.Google Scholar
Borghi, L, Meschi, T, Guerra, A, Briganti, A, Schianchi, T, Allegri, F & Novarini, A (1999) Essential arterial hypertension and stone disease. Kidney International 55, 2397–2406.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradbury, RB & White, DE (1954) Oestrogens and related substances in plants. Vitamins and Hormones, 12, 207–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bravo, L (1998) Polyphenols: Chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance. Nutrition Reviews 56, 317–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carbonaro, M, Mattera, M & Cappelloni, M (2001) Effect of processing on antinutritional compounds of common bean, faba bean, lentil, chickpea and pea. In Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Grain Legumes, Cracow, pp. 418–419. Paris: AEP Editions.Google Scholar
Carlson, GL, Ulysses, B, Li, K & Olsen, WA (1983) A bean α-amylase inhibitor formulation (starch blocker) is ineffective in man. Science 219, 393–395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cassidy, A, Bingham, S & Setchell, K (1994) Biological effects of isoflavones present in soy in premenopausal women: Implications for the prevention of breast cancer. American Journal of Nutrition 60, 333–340.Google Scholar
Cassidy, A, Bingham, S & Setchell, K (1995) Biological effects of isoflavones in young women: importance of the chemical composition of soyabean products. British Journal of Nutrition 74, 587–601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cassidy, A, Faughnan, M, Hughes, R, Fraser, C, Cathcart, A, Taylor, N, Setchell, KDR & Bingham, S (1998) Hormonal effects of phytoestrogens in postmenopausal women and middle-aged men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68, 1531S.Google Scholar
Cassidy, A & Griffin, B (1999) Phyto-oestrogens: a potential role in the prevention of CHD. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, 193–199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castaing, J & Leuillet, M (1981) Etude de l'association maïs/pois protéagineux chez le porc charcutier (Study of the maise/pea association in the pig). In Proceedings des Journées de la Recherche Porcine, pp. 151–155. Paris: Institut Technique du Porc Edition.Google Scholar
Cheryan, M (1980) Phytic acid interactions in food systems. CRC Critical Review of Food Science 13, 297–335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chitra, U, Singh, U & Rao, PV (1996) Phytic acid, in vitro protein digestibility, dietary fiber, and minerals of pulses as influenced by processing methods. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 49, 307–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chrenkova, M, Ceresnakova, Z, Sommer, A & Slamena, Z (2001) The nutritive value of new-bred varieties of pea grown in Slovakia. In Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Grain Legumes, Cracow, p. 423. Paris: AEP Editions.Google Scholar
Clemente, A & Domoney, C (2001) Anticarcinogenic activity of protease inhibitors in legumes. In Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Grain Legumes, Cracow, pp. 114–115. Paris,: AEP Editions.Google Scholar
Davies, MJ, Bowey, EA, Adlercreutz, H, Rowland, IR & Rumsby, PC (1999) Effects of soy and rye supplementation of high-fat diets on colon tumour development in azoxymethane-treated rats. Carcinogenesis 20, 927–931.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Muelenaere, HJ (1965) Toxicity and haemagglutining activity of legumes. Nature 206, 827–828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denis, L, Morton, MS & Griffiths, K (1999) Diet and its preventive role in prostatic disease. European Urology 35, 377–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubois, C, Cara, L, Armand, M, Borel, P, Senft, M, Portugal, H, Pauli, AM, Bernard, PM, Lafont, H & Lairon, D (1993) Effects of pea and soybean fibre on postprandial lipaemia and lipoproteins in healthy adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, 508–520.Google ScholarPubMed
Ekpenyong, TE & Borchers, RL (1981) Some toxic factors in winged bean seeds. Nutrition Reports International 23, 865–870.Google Scholar
Ellis, R & Morris, ER (1982) Comparison of ion-exchange and iron precipitation methods for analysis of phytate. Cereal Chemistry 59, 232–233.Google Scholar
Ferguson, LR & Harris, PJ (1999) Protection against cancer by wheat bran: role of dietary fibre and phytochemicals. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 8, 17–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fotsis, T, Peper, M, Adlercreutz, H, Fleischmann, G, Hase, T, Montesano, R & Schweigerer, L (1993) Genistein, a dietary derived inhibitor of angiogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 90, 2690–2694.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frøkiær, H, Barkholt, V & Bagger, CL (2001) Processing: Impact on seed nutritive value: Scientific, technical and economic aspects. In Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Grain Legumes, Cracow, pp. 127–131. Paris: AEP Editions.Google Scholar
Fukuda, G, Elias, LG & Bressani, R (1982) Significance of various antiphysiological and nutritional factors on the biological evaluation of various cultures of the common bean (Phaseolus sp.). Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion 32, 945–960.Google ScholarPubMed
Gad, SS, El-Zalaki, ME, Mohamed, MS & Mohasseb, SZ (1982) Oxalate content of some leafy vegetables and dry legumes consumed widely in Egypt. Food Chemistry 8, 169–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallaher, D & Schneeman, BO (1986) Nutritional and metabolic response to plant inhibitors of digestive enzymes. In Nutritional and Toxicological Significance of Enzyme Inhibitors in Food, pp. 167–184 [Friedman, M, editor]. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gatel, F & Champ, M (1998) Grain legumes in human and animal nutrition – up to date results and question marks. In Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Grain Legumes, Valladolid (Spain), pp. 7–11. Paris: AEP Editions.Google Scholar
Gaudard-de Weck, D (1998) Health benefits of European grain legumes. In Supplement of the Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Grain Legumes, Valladolid (Spain), pp. 11–15. Paris: AEP Editions.Google Scholar
Gdala, JL, Buraczewska, L & Grala, W (1992) The chemical composition of different types and varieties of pea and the digestion of their protein in pigs. Journal of Animal Feed Science 1, 71–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gestener, B, Assa, Y, Henis, Y, Tencer, Y, Royman, M, Birk, Y & Bondi, A (1972) Interaction of lucerne saponins with sterols. Biochemica Biophysica Acta 270, 181–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graf, E (1986) Phytic Acid. Minneapolis MN: Pilatus Press.Google Scholar
Griffiths, K, Morton, MS & Denis, L (1999) Certain aspects of molecular endocrinology that relate to the influence of dietary factors on the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. European Urology 35, 443–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gueguen, J, Quemener, B & Valdebouze, P (1980) Elimination des facteurs antinutritionnels de la féverole Vicia Faba L., et du pois Pisum sativum L. au cours de la préparation des isolats protéiques (Elimination of antinutritional factors of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) during the preparation of protein isolates). Lebensmittel Wissenshaft und Technologie 13, 72–77.Google Scholar
Hathcock, JN (1991) Residue trypsin inhibitor: Data needs for risk assessment. In Nutritional and Toxicological Consequences of Food Processing, pp. 273–279 [Friedman, M, editor]. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazell, T & Johnson, IT (1987) In vitro estimation of iron availability from a range of plant foods: influence of phytate, ascorbate and citrate. British Journal of Nutrition 57, 223–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ho, R, Aranda, C & Venico, J (1981) Species differences in response to two naturally occurring alpha amylase inhibitors. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 33, 351–358.Google ScholarPubMed
Hodgson, JM, Puddey, IB, Beilin, LJ, Mori, TA & Croft, KD (1998) Supplementation with isoflavonoid phytoestrogens does not alter serum lipid concentrations: a randomised controlled trial in humans. Journal of Nutrition 128, 728–732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollenbeck, CB, Coulston, AM, Quan, R, Becker, TR, Vreman, HJ, Stevenson, DK & Reaven, GM (1983) Effects of a commercial starch blocker preparation on carbohydrate digestion and absorption: in vivo and in vitro studies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 38, 498–503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horn-Ross, PL, Barnes, S, Lee, M, Coward, L, Mandel, E, Koo, J, John, EM & Smith, M (2000) Assessing phytoestrogen exposure in epidemiologic studies: development of a database (United States). Cancer Causes and Control 11, 289–298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huisman, J (1990) Antinutritional effects of legume seeds in piglets, rats and chickens. PhD thesis, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Inoue, M, Wu, CZ, Dou, DQ, Chen, YJ & Ogihara, Y (1999) Lipoprotein lipase activation by red ginseng saponins in hyperlipidemia model animals. Phytomedicine 6, 257–265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ishikawa, T, Nakatsuru, Y, Zarkovic, M & Shamsuddin, AM (1999) Inhibition of skin cancer by IP6 in vivo: initiation–promotion model. Anticancer Research 19, 3749–3752.Google ScholarPubMed
Jansman, AJM & Longstaff, M (1993) Nutritional effects of tannins and vicine/convicine in legume seeds. In Recent Advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on ‘Antinutritional Factors (ANFs) in Legume Seeds’, Wageningen, The Netherlands, EAAP Publication No. 70, pp. 301–316 [Van der Poel, AFB, Huisman, J and Saini, HS, editors]. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Press.Google Scholar
Jariwalla, RJ (1999) Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) as an anti-neo-plastic and lipid-lowering agent. Anticancer Research 19, 3699–3702.Google Scholar
Jondreville, C, Peyronnet, C & Grosjean, F (1992) Effect of variety on the digestibility of pea components in pigs: influence of trypsin inhibiting activity. In 1st European Conference on Grain Legumes, Angers, France, pp. 485–486. Paris: AEP Editions.Google Scholar
Katayama, T (1995) Effect of dietary sodium phytate on the hepatic and serum levels of lipids and on the hepatic activities of NADPH-generating enzymes in rats fed on sucrose. Biosciences Biotechnology Biochemistry 59, 1159–1160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klevay, LM (1977) Hypocholesterolemia due to sodium phytate. Nutrition Reports International 15, 587–593.Google Scholar
Koratkar, R & Rao, AV (1997) Effect of soya bean saponins on azoxymethane-induced preneoplastic lesions in the colon of mice. Nutrition and Cancer 27, 206–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lacassagne, L, Francesch, M, Carré, B & Melcion, JP (1988) Utilization of tannin-containing and tannin-free faba beans (Vicia faba) by young chicks: effects of pelleting feeds on energy, protein and starch digestibility. Animal Feed Science and Technology 20, 59–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Layer, P, Carlson, GL & DiMagno, EP (1985) Partially purified white bean amylase inhibitor reduces starch digestion in vitro and inactivates intraduodenal amylase in humans. Gastroenterology 88, 1895–1902.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Layer, P, Zinsmeister, AR & DiMagno, EP (1986) Effects of decreasing intraluminal amylase activity on starch digestion and postprandial gastrointestinal function in humans. Gastroenterology 91, 41–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leterme, P, Monmart, T & Théwis, A (1992) Varietal distribution of the trypsin inhibitor activity in peas (Pisum sativum L.). Animal Feed Science and Technology 37, 309–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liener, IE (1976) Legume toxins in relation to protein digestibility – a review. Journal of Food Science 41, 1076–1081.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liener, IE (1979) Significance for humans of biologically active factors in soybeans and other food legumes. Journal of American Oil Chemists' Society 56, 121–129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liener, IE (1980) Toxic Constituents of Plant Foodstuffs. Food science and technology. A series of monographs. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Liener, IE (1989) The nutritional significance of lectins. In Food Proteins, pp. 329–353 [Kinsella, JE and Soucie, WG, editors]. Champaign, IL: AOCS Edition.Google Scholar
Liggins, J, Bluck, LJC, Runswick, S, Atkinson, C, Coward, WA & Bingham, SA (2000) Daidzein and genistein contents of vegetables. British Journal of Nutrition 84, 717–725.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindsay, DR & Kelly, RW (1970) The metabolism of phytoestrogens in sheep. Australian Veterinarian Journal 46, 219–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longstaff, M & McNab, JM (1991) The inhibitory effects of hull polysaccharides and tannins of field beans (Vicia faba L.) on the digestion of aminoacids, starch and lipid and on digestive enzyme activities in young chicks. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 199–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyn-Cook, BD, Stottman, HL, Yan, Y, Blann, E, Kadlubar, FF & Hammons, GJ (1999) The effects of phytoestrogens on human pancreatic tumor cells in vitro. Cancer Letters 19, 111–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maga, JA (1982) Phytate: its chemistry, occurrence, food interactions, nutritional significance, and methods of analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 30, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinow, MR, McLaughlin, P, Papworth, L, Stafford, C, Livingston, AL & Cheeke, PR (1977) Effect of alfalfa saponins on intestinal cholesterol absorption in rats. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, 2061–2067.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maranesi, M, Carenini, G & Gentili, P (1984) Nutritive studies on anti-amylase: I. Influence of the growth rate, blood picture and biochemistry and histological parameters in rats. Acta Vitaminology and Enzymology 6, 259–270.Google Scholar
Markovits, J, Linassier, C, Fosse, P, Couprie, J, Pierre, J, Jacquemin-Sablon, A, Saucier, JM, Le Pecq, JB & Larsen, AK (1989) Inhibitory effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein on mammalian DNA topoisomerase II. Cancer Research 49, 5111–5117.Google ScholarPubMed
Marshall, RW, Cochran, M & Hodgkinson, A (1972) Relationships between calcium and oxalic acid intake in the diet and their excretion in the urine of normal and renal-stone-forming subjects. Clinical Science 43, 91–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mazur, W (1998) Phytoestrogens content in foods. Baillieres Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 12, 729–742.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Melcion, JP & Valdebouze, P (1977) Effect of various industrial treatments on the antinutritional factors of field bean. In Protein Quality from Leguminous Crops. Seminar in EEC Program EUR 5686N, pp. 116–124.Google Scholar
Messina, MJ (1999) Legumes and soybeans: overview of their nutritional profiles and health effects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70, 439S–450S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milgate, J & Roberts, DCK (1995) The nutritional and biological significance of saponins. Nutrition Research 15, 1223–1249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, WR (1990) Endocrine treatment of breast cancer: Biological rationale and current progress. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 37, 467–480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Montgomery, RD (1969) Cyanogens. In Toxic Constituents of Plant Foodstuffs, pp. 143–157 [Liener, IEM, editor]. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nachbar, MS & Oppenheim, JD (1980) Lectins in the United States diet. A survey of lectins in commonly consumed foods and a review of the literature. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 2338–2345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nestel, PJ, Yamashita, T, Sasahara, T, Pomeroy, S, Dart, A, Komesaroff, P, Owen, A & Abbey, M (1997) Soy isoflavones improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal and perimenopausal women. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 17, 3392–3398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noah, ND, Bender, AE, Readi, GB & Gilbert, R (1980) Food poisoning from raw red kidney beans. British Medical Journal 281, 236–237.Google ScholarPubMed
Oakenful, D & Sidhu, GS (1990) Could saponins be a useful treatment of hypercholesterolemia? European Journal of Nutrition 44, 79–88.Google Scholar
Oakenful, DG, Topping, DL, Illman, RJ & Fenwick, PE (1984) Prevention of dietary hypercholesterolemia in the rat fed by soyabean and quillaja saponin. Nutrition Report International 29, 139–146.Google Scholar
Oboh, HA, Muzquiz, M, Burbano, C, Cuadrado, C, Pedrosa, MM, Ayet, G & Osagie, AU (1998) Anti-nutritional constituents of six underutilized legumes grown in Nigeria. Journal of Chromatography 9, 307–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, D, Aubert, G, Duc, G, Welham, T & Domoney, C (2001) Identification and exploitation of seed trypsin inhibitor gene polymorphism for molecular marker-assisted breeding and selection. In Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Grain Legumes, Cracow, pp. 20–21. Paris: AEP Editions.Google Scholar
Proulx, WR, Weaver, CM & Bock, MA (1993) Trypsin inhibitor activity and tannin content do not affect calcium bioavailability of three commonly consumed legumes. Journal of Food Science 58, 382–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pryme, IF, Bardocz, S & Pusztai, A (1999) The growth of an established murine non-Hodgkin lymphoma tumour is limited by switching to a phytohaemagglutinin-containing diet. Cancer Letter 146, 87–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pryme, IF, Pusztai, A, Bardocz, S & Ewen, SW (1998) The induction of gut hyperplasia by phytohaemagglutinin in the diet and limitation of tumour growth. Histology and Histopathology 13, 575–583.Google ScholarPubMed
Puls, W & Keup, U (1973) Influence of an alpha-amylase inhibitor (Bay-d7791) on blood glucose, serum insulin and NEFA in starch loading tests in rats, dogs and man. Diabetologia 9, 97–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pusztai, A, Grant, G, Buchan, WC, Bardocz, S, de Carvalho, AF & Ewen, SW (1998) Lipid accumulation in obese Zucker rats is reduced by inclusion of raw kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the diet. British Journal of Nutrition 79, 213–221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quinteros, A, Sebastia, V, Barbera, R, Farre, R & Lagarda, MJ (1999) Effect of legume processing on phytate and oxalate contents and their possible relation to calcium and iron dialysability. In Proceedings of the International Congress ‘Improved traditional foods for the next century’,Valencia (Spain), pp. 246–249 [Toldra, F, Ramon, D & Navarro, JL, editors].Google Scholar
Rao, AV & Kendall, CW (1986) Dietary saponins and serum lipids. Food Chemistry and Toxicology 24, 441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rechcigl, M (1983) Handbook of Naturally Occurring Food Toxicants. CRC series in nutrition and food. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Reddy, BS (1999) Possible mechanisms by which pro- and prebiotics influence colon carcinogenesis and tumour growth. Journal of Nutrition 129, 1478S–1482S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, BS, Hirose, Y, Cohen, LA, Simi, B, Cooma, I & Rao, CV (2000) Preventive potential of wheat bran fractions against experimental colon carcinogenesis: implications for human colon cancer prevention. Cancer Research 60, 4792–4797.Google ScholarPubMed
Rickard, SE, Yuan, YV & Thompson, LU (2000) Plasma insulin-like growth factor I levels in rats are reduced by dietary supplementation of flaxseed or its lignan secoisolariciresinol diglycoside. Cancer Letters 161, 47–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ridout, CL, Wharf, G, Price, KR, Johnson, LT & Fenwick, GR (1988) UK mean daily intakes of saponins. Food Science and Nutrition 42F, 111–116.Google Scholar
Roy, DN (1981) Toxic amino acids and proteins from Lathyrus plants and other leguminous species: a literature review. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews – Series A 51, 691–707.Google Scholar
Ruiz, Larrea B, Mohan, AR, Paganga, G, Miller, NJ, Bolwell, GP & Rice-Evans, CA (1997) Antioxidant activity of phytoestrogenic isoflavones. Free Radical Research 26, 63–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saini, HS (1993) Distribution of tannins, vicine and convicine activity in legume seeds. In Recent Advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds, Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on ‘Antinutritional Factors (ANFs) in Legume Seeds’, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 95–100 [Van der Poel, AFB, Huisman, J and Saini, HS, editors]. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Press.Google Scholar
Sandberg, AS (2002) Bioavailability of minerals in legumes. British Journal of Nutrition 88, Suppl. 3, S281–S285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sargeant, P, Farndale, RW & Sage, SO (1993) The tyrosine kinase inhibitors methyl 2,5-dihydroxycinnimate and genistein reduce thrombin-evoked tyrosine phosphorylation and Ca2+ entry in human platelets. FEBS Letters 315, 242–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savage, GP (1989) Antinutritive factors in peas. In Recent advances of research in antinutritional factors in legume seeds, pp. 342–350 [Huisman, J, van der Poel, TFB and Liener, IE editors]. Wageningen: Pudoc.Google Scholar
Savage, GP & Deo, S (1989) The nutritional value of peas (Pisum sativum). A literature review. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews (Series A) 59, 66–83.Google Scholar
Savaiano, DA, Powers, JR, Costello, MJ, Whitaker, JR & Clifford, AJ (1977) The effect of an alpha amylase inhibitor on the growth rate of weanling rats. Nutrition Reports International 15, 443–449.Google Scholar
Shamsuddin, AM & Vucenik, I (1999) Mammary tumor inhibition by IP6: a review. Anticancer Research 19, 3671–3674.Google ScholarPubMed
Sharma, RD (1980) Effect of hydroxy acids on hypocholesterolemia in rats. Atherosclerosis 37, 463–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, RD (1984) Hypocholesterolemic effect of hydroxy acid components of Bengal gram. Nutrition Reports International 29, 1315–1322.Google Scholar
Sharma, RD (1986) An evaluation of hypocholesterolemic factor of fenugreek seeds (T. foenum graecum,) in rats. Nutrition Reports International 33, 669–677.Google Scholar
Sidhu, GS & Oakenful, DG (1986) A mechanism for the hypocholesterolemic activity of saponins. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 643–649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sirtori, CR, Giannazza, E, Manzoni, C, Lovati, MR & Murphy, PA (1997) Role of isoflavones in the cholesterol reduction by soy protein in the clinic. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65, 166–171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smulikowska, S, Pastuszewska, B, Swiech, E, Ochtabinska, A, Mieckowska, A, Nguyen, VC & Buraczewska, L (2001) Tannin content affects negatively the nutritive value of pea for monogastrics. In Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Grain Legumes, Cracow, pp. 124–125. Paris: AEP Editions.Google Scholar
Sosulski, F (1979) Yield and functional properties of air-classified protein and starch fractions from eight legume flours. Journal of the American Oil Chemistry Society 56, 292–295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strom, SS, Yamamura, Y, Duphorne, CM, Spitz, MR, Babaian, RJ, Pillow, PC & Hursting, SD (1999) Phytoestrogen intake and prostate cancer: a case-control study using a new database. Nutrition Cancer 33, 20–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, LU (1993) Potential health benefits and problems associated with antinutrients in foods. Food Research International 26, 131–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, LU, Rea, R & Jenkins, D (1983) Effect of heat processing on hemagglutinin in red kidney beans. Journal of Food Science 48, 235–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valdebouze, P, Bergeron, E, Gaborit, T & Delort-Laval, J (1980) Content and distribution of trypsin inhibitors and hemagglutinins in some legume seeds. Canadian Journal of Plant Sciences 60, 695–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Poel, AFB, Huisman, J & Saini, HS (1993) Recent Advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Antinutritional Factors (ANFs) in Legume Seeds. Wageningen, The Netherlands, 1–3 12 1993. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Press.Google Scholar
Vidal-Valverde, C, Frias, J, Lambein, F & Kuo, Y-H (2001) Increasing the functionality of legumes by germination. In Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Grain Legumes, Cracow, pp. 422–423. Paris: AEP Editions.Google Scholar
Viroben, G (1979) Substances indésirables pour le monogastrique (Undesirable substances for monogastric animals). Le Sélectionneur Français 27, 21–25.Google Scholar
Vucenik, I, Zhang, ZS & Shamsuddin, AM (1998 a) IP6 in treatment of liver cancer. I. IP6 inhibits growth and reverses transformed phenotype in HepG2 human liver cancer cell line. Anticancer Research 18, 4083–4090.Google ScholarPubMed
Vucenik, I, Zhang, ZS & Shamsuddin, AM (1998 b) IP6 in treatment of liver cancer. II. Intra-tumoral injection of IP6 regresses pre-existing human liver cancer xenotransplanted in nude mice. Anticancer Research 18, 4091–4096.Google ScholarPubMed
Weaver, CM, Heaney, RP, Proulx, WR, Hinders, SM & Packard, PT (1993) Absorbability of calcium from common beans. Journal of Food Science 58, 1401–1403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcox, JN & Blumenthal, BF (1995) Thrombotic mechanisms in atherosclerosis: potential impact of soy protein. Journal of Nutrition 125, 631S–638S.Google Scholar
Wolever, TMS (1990) The glycemic index. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 62, 120–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, K, Lamprecht, SA, Liu, Y, Shinozaki, H, Fan, K, Leung, D, Newmark, H, Steele, VE, Kelloff, GF & Lipkin, M (2000) Chemoprevention studies of the flavonoids quercitin and rutin in normal and azoxymethane-treated mouse colon. Carcinogenesis 21, 1655–1660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zdunczyk, Z, Godycka, I & Amarowicz, R (1997) Chemical composition and content of antinutritional factors in Polish cultivars of peas. Plant Foods in Human Nutrition 50, 37–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zi, X, Singh, RP & Agarwal, R (2000) Impairment of erbB1 receptor and fluid-phase endocytosis and associated mitogenic signaling by inositol hexaphosphate in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. Carcinogenesis 21, 2225–2235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed