A simple nontoxic technique to mark and reference the white pine weevil Pissodes strobi (Peck) is described. This marking technique was used to track the movement of individuals to the cohort level through time and space in a young white spruce plantation.

The new species Neurocordulia michaelisp.nov. from New Brunswick and Maine differs from other northeastern species in the genus in its short mesotibial keel and from all congeners in the great width of its abdomen. The species is obligate crepuscular and can be locally abundant at its riverine habitat. Larvae of the species have the lowest dorsal spines in the genus and cling to the underside of rocks in rapids.

Male: Length 1.8 mm. Front and face opaque brown. Antennae small, black, arista as long as the face, palpi black; proboscis shining black with a few short yellow hairs; lower orbital cilia whitish.

The within-cone distribution of Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), the Douglas-fir seed chalcid, infesting Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] cones from north-central France was compared with that in samples from California. Results indicate that the mid-region of cones was more intensively utilized by seed chalcids in France than in California, whereas in the northwestern United States the mid-region is characteristically occupied by dipteran and lepidopteran species. This difference in distribution may explain the large discrepancy in infestation rates on the two continents. The potential impact of this finding on pest management strategies is discussed.

Cones were measured and dissected or X-rayed to determine seed chalcid infestation levels. Analysis of covariance performed on data from cones that were collected in 1986 and dissected showed cone diameter at maturity to be a highly significant factor in attack rate, although slopes were different among clones. Between-tree variation was also significant, but clonal source was not. Cone diameter, clonal source, and between-tree variation constituted 87.1% of the variation in rate of attack by the seed chalcid. Although clone was not a significant factor in data from dissected cones, X-rayed cones showed significant differences in attack rates for some clones.

The salivary glands of female Culex pipiens L each consist of three lobes divisible into five regions. Fine structure indicates that two regions may be involved in solute-linked water transport and three regions may have a glandular function. The fine structure is similar to that reported for Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. In C. pipiens, an axon of presumed neurosecretory function was found associated with the neck region of the medial lobe.

Complete development of the salivary glands occurs between the first and fifth days of adulthood. Morphological changes associated with blood-feeding were limited to the presence or absence of the salivary secretions in the apical cavities and duct lumen. During blood-feeding the contents of two of the glandular regions are voided, being replenished within 24 h Results are related to previous histochemical studies of the salivary glands of mosquitoes.

Recent developments in ecological theory pertaining to the coexistence of insect species in response to forest disturbance are reviewed, and the findings are applied to the requirements for the Biological Survey of the Insects of Canada. It is important that a data collection system have a sound theoretical base, otherwise it will probably be found inadequate for the purpose for which it was designed. Questions about changes in faunal assemblages should be related to the scale of disturbance relative to the replacement time of the forest. Recommendations for research on faunal assemblage disturbance relationships are made for the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of Canada, and for the northern boreal forest.

The Nearctic species of the genus Duta are revised. Two new species are described: D. foveolata (Canada, USA) and D. policeps (Canada, USA). Duta virginiensis (Ashmead), new combination, is shown to be widely distributed in the Western Hemisphere, extending to the New World tropics. A diagnosis of Duta and a key to the Nearctic species are given. The impact of environmental degradation on the frequency of Duta species in North America is discussed.

Since 1978 several experiments with aqueous formulations of acephate have demonstrated its potential as an effective and economical control agent for grasshoppers on rangeland (Onsager and Mazuranich 1979; Foster et al. 1981a,b). While it has been generally accepted that grasshopper mortality arises primarily from the ingestion of acephate (Chevron Chemical Co., unpub. data), the extent of the mortality attributable to direct deposition of the spray on the insect or ingestion of the spray remains undefined. The following experiment was conducted to determine grasshopper mortality levels for the methods of exposure (ingestion of sprayed vegetation, direct deposition of the spray on the insect, and a combination of ingestion and direct deposition) which result from an aerial treatment of rangeland with acephate. Any mortality attributable to contact between the insect and sprayed vegetation or ground was not determined because of difficulties in preventing the insects from feeding while being exposed to sprayed vegetation. Studies with malathion, another organophosphate used for grasshopper control, showed that sprayed soil contributed minimally to the total mortality of grasshoppers (Pfadt et al. 1970).

Mating behavior among many moth species is mediated by female-released pheromones that attract males over distance. Males of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, are attracted by pheromone which has been identified and synthesized (Cory et al. 1982; Silk et al. 1982). In response to pheromone, males will fly upwind and thus approach a bait on a fir limb, then land and persistently search near the bait, often locating it (Sower and Shorb 1985). Male budworm moths moving upwind toward a pheromone source are seen to use a wandering, left-and-right and up-and-down flight pattern. This is the classic anemotactic response of male moths to female-released pheromone as described by Shorey (1976), David et al. (1983), and references therein.

Little attention has been given to the selection of the most effective agents for the biological control of weeds. The consequence has been a needlessly high failure rate and cost. Seven methods for their selection are discussed and a scoring system proposed as a means of incorporating their best features.

In a creek northwest of the Gatineau Hills (Quebec) larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) were found living in phoretic association with the immature stages of Perlidae (Plecoptera). The larvae were reared to the adult stage in the laboratory. Life pattern and morphological comparisons are made with other phoretic and parasitic forms of Orthocladiinae and with certain other genera, and it is concluded that the form represents a new genus and species of Orthocladiini, and has probably originated from the common ancestors of the genera Rheocricotopus, Paracricotopus and Microcricotopus. Detailed descriptions are given of the imago, pupa and larva of this insect.

It is related by a celebrated traveller and naturalist that, in the dreary islands of Terra del Fuego, the only vegetable food to be obtained by the wretched inhabitants, with the exception of a few berries, is a fungus which grows in great abundance on certain trees. This fungus appears on the bark in the shape of bright yellow, globular masses of the size of small apples, and at a certain stage of development is gathered and eaten uncooked.

General. The life history of the lodgepole needle miner in Yosemite National Park, California, has been described (24). The Canadian outbreak was discovered in 1942 but intensive investigations were not commenced until 1948. Many differences have been noted between the Canadian and Californian life histories since the discovery of the outbreak.

It is the purpose of this paper to bring together all information collected by the author and staff of the Laboratory of Forest Zoology at Calgary, Alberta, concerning the life history of the lodgepole needle miner in the Canadian Rocky mountains.

The following key and descriptive notes have been prepared in an endeavor to lessen the difficulties involved in the identification of the various species of Ptinid beetles that occur, usually as pests of stored products, in dwellings and warehouses in Canada. For a number of years, Mr. H. E. Gray of the Division of Entomology has been collecting these beetles from flour sheds and other types of warehouses throughout Canada. Most of the material on which the key is based was supplied by Mr. Gray, and much of the data on the distribution of several of the species is a result of Mr. Gray's observations.

Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) was reared at eight constant temperatures from 5° to 31 °C. The eggs hatched at all temperatures except 5 °C. Development was completed at 13°, 17°, 21°, 25°, and 29 °C but at 10° and 31 °C none survived beyond the final larval instar.The duration of each stage decreased with rise in temperature up to 29 °C; but a further rise brought no further change, or even an increase. Developmental rates plotted against temperature gave shallow sigmoid curves with the maximum development rate near 29 °C for all stages except for the final instar larva where it was between 25° and 29 °C. Various alternating temperature regimes had no special influence on the rate of the development of eggs or larvae.There was a significant linear increase in larval head width with rise in temperature for all instars except the first. For larvae with six instars, the mean head width in the last instar ranged from 3.15 mm at 13 °C to 3.38 mm at 29 °C. At 13 °C some larvae required an additional moult to reach the apparent minimum size (about 3 mm) to complete development.