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Article contents
Turning expletive: From embedded speech-acts to embedded propositions
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 February 2024
Abstract
This article focuses on a non-canonical use of negation in historical and modern French, characterized by an apparent absence of meaning: expletive negation. In search of the lost meaning of expletive negation, via a diachronic investigation from Latin to French, we establish that expletive negation originates from prohibitive negation. We put forward an analysis of prohibitive negation within Krifka (2014)'s model of embedded speech-act and propose that expletive negation is the continuation of prohibitive negation, and that it is what remains of a long-gone embedded negative imperative in French. Along this line of analysis, the article brings historical evidence in favour of the hypothesis that languages can develop from speech-act embedding to proposition embedding. Our analysis of prohibitive negation as a clause-typing negation marker in Latin and as a verbal mood negation marker brings new evidence to the claim that sentential and verbal mood marking are two intimately related phenomena.
Résumé
Cet article se concentre sur un emploi non-canonique de la négation en français historique et moderne, caractérisé par une apparente absence de sens : la négation explétive. À la recherche du sens perdu de la négation explétive et via une investigation diachronique du latin au français, nous établissons que la négation explétive descend de la négation prohibitive. Nous présentons une analyse de la négation prohibitive dans le modèle de Krifka (2014) pour les actes de langage enchâssés et proposons que la négation explétive est la continuation de la négation prohibitive. La négation explétive est ce qu'il reste d'un impératif négatif enchâssé, depuis longtemps disparu. Dans cette même ligne d'analyse, cet article apporte des éléments historiques de preuve en faveur de l'hypothèse selon laquelle les langues peuvent évoluer depuis l'enchâssement d'actes de langage vers l'enchâssement de propositions. Notre analyse de la négation prohibitive en tant que marqueur de négation jouant un rôle dans le typage de la clause en latin et en tant que marqueur de négation de mode verbal apporte de nouveaux éléments de preuve à l'affirmation que le mode phrastique et verbal sont des phénomènes intimement liés.
Keywords
- Type
- Thematic Article
- Information
- Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique , Volume 68 , Issue 4 , December 2023 , pp. 590 - 614
- Copyright
- Copyright © Canadian Linguistic Association/Association canadienne de linguistique 2024
Footnotes
Editor's note: The current article is part of a special-issue collection, “Formal Diachronic Semantics”, guest-edited by Regine Eckardt, Dag Haug, and Igor Yanovich. The first part of the collection appeared as the issue 65:3 in September 2020, and included the general Introduction (doi:10.1017/cnj.2020.13) and articles by Trusswell & Gisborne (doi:10.1017/cnj.2020.11), Onea & Mardale (doi:10.1017/cnj.2020.12), Simonenko & Carlier (doi:10.1017/cnj.2020.14) and Schaden (doi:10.1017/cnj.2020.15).
Authors’ note: We are very grateful to the associate editor Igor Yanovich and the reviewers for their very careful readings and insightful comments across the various versions of the article. Both Chloé Tahar and Alda Mari gratefully acknowledge ANR-17-EURE-0017 FrontCog.
References
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